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ChangeLog
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Jan 2013
Many major changes:
Removal of all backends with exception of MPFR
Restructuring the directory structure
Preparations for a "usual" installation process
Sep 2009
Several internal changes and simplifications leading to a threadsafe version
Initial interface to using threads
Correction of a small bug concerning I/O when working outside of the iRRAM
Replacing references to GMP and MPFR to their newest versions.
Aug 2009
Correction of a silly bug in the interface to MPFR on 64-bit machines
Nov 2008
Correction of a silly bug concerning scaling of rational numbers
Sep 2007
Using gcc 4.2.1, activating the sse2 extension did not work as before.
Now there is a configure option "-disable-sse2" that can be used on older machines without sse2
Aug 2006 - Aug 2007
Corrected sign errors in the intialization of RATIONAL (only showed up using 64bit)
Added copy constructor for COMPLEX
Added of some testing routines in subdirectory "tests", use: cd tests;make check
Changing version to 2007-01
Workaround for compile time warnings about PACKAGE in gmp-impl.h
Minor modifications due to gcc and concering shared libs:
Change "char*" to "const char*" due to warning from gcc 4.1.3
Changes due to newer autoconf/automake
QUICK_INSTALL now uses newer versions of GMP and MPFR
Jul 2006
Correcting a bug in the interval version of the cosine
Mar 2006
Changed form of runtime parameters from eg. "-debug=10" to "--debug=10"
Added new runtime parameter "--prec_skip" influencing the heuristic for the
estimation of the correct precision
Feb 2006
Modified examples/Makefile.am to use a relative path to the iRRAM libraries.
Modified configure.in and user_programs/Makefile.in to simplify compilation
of programs in case that the libraries for gmp and iRRAM are in different directories.
Conversion to a namespace "iRRAM"
Dec 2005
corrected the interfaces for LRGMP and cGMP to work on x86_64
Nov 2005
integration of mpfr-2.2.x as backend instead of the gmp-4.1.4-internal mpfr
removed two bugs in the interface between LRGMP and INTEGER
Apr 2005 - Nov 2005
many small changes, like improving hyperbolic function or tan
Mar 2005
complex sine function corrected
Aug 2004 - Feb 2005
Added an example implementation for algebraic number using BFMS zero bounds
Small corrections, eg. for mpf_get_str returning which imprecise results
Removed INTMPF again, will be a separate example on top of the iRRAM
Jul 2004 - Aug 2004
REAL(double d): added exception in case of NaN or infinities
added I/O in C++ style (cout/cin, streams), removed the old c+style IO
added converions from REAL to strings from C++, removed conversion to char*
Dec 2003 - Jul 2004
Additional backend INTMPF (for educational purposes, not fully finished)
Additional backend cGMP (with caching strategy, could be an improvement
for interval applications)
Port of GMP-Backend to Athlon-64
Simplifications, Cleanups
Aug 2003 - Dec 2003
Small modifications for simplified programming
Addition of many functions for automatic type conversions
Caches for multivalued tests grow dynamically up to 1000000000 values
New functions arg(z) and log(z) for complex numbers z
Aug 2002 - Aug 2003
Necessary modifications due to GCC 3.2, automake 1.6,...
Addition of LAZY_BOOLEAN
- src/LAZY_BOOLEAN.cc
- modification of configure.in and of obj/*/Makefile.am
Restructuring the directory structure/compile commands:
- adding files from backend/* to obj/*
- corresponding changes to configure.in and to many Makefiles
- removing backend/*
Introduction of shared libaries
- added a compile time flag "do_not_activate_iRRAM_control"
in case that the iRRAM is used as a backend itself (see e.g
timings-MPFR-iRRAM.c)
Addition of an I/O-function rwritee(x,w) that prints a real number
in halflogarithmic ("scientific") notation with a width of w.
Of course, we must have x<>0, otherwise we get an infinite loop!
Addition of a lipschitz(f,l,x) operator that uses the lipschitz value
l(x) to improve the error propagation for f(x)
Addition of a class of REAL intervals on top of REAL
Removing backend LR (no time to keep it running...)
Numerous small changes to MPFR interface to make it exception-safe
Changes to DYADIC, removing some silly bugs. Modified setting of precision
Significant simplification of the exception based iteration schemes
Introduction of first numeric exceptions that are catch-able
Tue Jul 01 2002
Neccessary modification for GMP 4.1 / MPFR 2.x:
- changed behaviour when mixing C and C++
- mpfr_round
- mpfr_sgn(x)
- mocked implementation of conversion from mpfr_t to mpz_t
Beware: Conversion to mpz not implemented in MPFR! (not! mpfr_get_z_exp)
Tue Sep 10 2001
Backends LRGMP and MPFR enabled for the current version,
backend LR still disabled (because of missing INTEGER functions)
Thu Aug 16 2001
Changed base of iterations from C-style longjmp to
C++-style exceptions, so automatically destructors are applied
to anything on the stack!
Feb-July
Addition of types INTEGER and RATIONAL for backend GMP
(by Tom Diessen)
Mon Feb 05 2001
reduced includes to
#include "iRRAM.h"
modifed all examples and all sources to reflect this change
------------------------------------------------------
Tue Jan 08 - Jan 23 2001
prepared package for autoconf/automake/configure:
- renaming of many files
- choice of backend via make-parameter
- many new files (Makefile.in, Makefile.am...)
-----------------------------------------------------
Wed Dec 20 2000
operators += and *= for REALs, with use
in many functions
changed indexing of the array "konvert"
first start of an export of the iRRAM to the MP packages
-----------------------------------------------------
Fri Dec 15 2000
optimization of exponentiation
small bug in round() fixed
-----------------------------------------------------
Fri Dec 8 2000
Restructured Directories:
(1) all external libraries/includes in ./external
(2) own .h-files in ./include
(3) own libraries in ./lib
Interface to MPFR now seems to be functional,
although it is still too slow sometimes
-----------------------------------------------------
Mon Dec 4 2000
Changed management of free variables in GMP_ext.c:
Now using an array to store free variables instead of a
linked list with misused entries, so increased stability
for possible changes in GMP.
Fixed bug in GMP_ext:ext_gmp_Size:
(z->_mp_d)[abs(z->_mp_size-1)]
changed to
(z->_mp_d)[abs(z->_mp_size)-1]
----------------------------------------------------
Okt 2000 - Nov 2000
Interface to MPFR
----------------------------------------------------
Sat Sep 17 2000
Further optimaization of exp:
now using Talyor series, but with the evaluation of four
coefficients at a time (similar to the idea of Brent for
the fast evaluation of Taylor series) giving about 10%-20%
improvement
----------------------------------------------------
Mon Sep 04 2000
Optimization of sqrt, exp, log
especially using
- new operator iterate for AGM iteration
- new hint precision_policy(relative) for AGM
Additional form for rwrite: rwrite(x,w) writes
either " 0 ...." if x is smaller than 10^{-w+8}
or an approximation to x with w-8 decimals
or iterates the computation
Corresponding modification of most of the examples...
----------------------------------------------------
Tue Aug 22 2000
Corrected small error in REALcore:sizetype_normalize
Speedup in REALS:size(x)
Started addition of MPFR as backend
-----------------------------------------------------
Fri Aug 18 2000
General cleanup
-----------------------------------------------------
Wed Jun 28 2000
Implementation of log using AGM iteration
(using pi(), ln2(), and 1 (one!) additional AGM evaluation)
-----------------------------------------------------
Tue Jun 27 2000
Preliminary implementation of pi() and ln2()
using global variables (giving the maximal used
precision)
-----------------------------------------------------
Mon Jun 19 2000
Implementation of pi() using an AGM method
Arrays for the recording of multi-valued results removed from
ITERATION_STACK and defined as global variables
Improved version of the sqrt (in case there is no MP function sqrt).
-----------------------------------------------------
Sat Jun 16 2000
Type of comparion operators changed from int to bool
Major change of the structure of "main()":
- Split into iRRAM_initialize() and iRRAM_exec() such that
multiple instances of the iRRAM can be run one after the other
- main can also be user-defined!
- iRRAM can be used as a library e.g. with global DYADICs such
that set of MP functions can easily be enhanced!
-----------------------------------------------------
Jul 1998 - May 2000:
Too many changes.....
e.g.: switch to GMP 3.xx, new backend LRGMP,
function set enhanced (tan,log,...) or improved (sin,cos,...)
new initialization procedures for int, double, and string.
corrected comparison operator in LR ......
------------------------------------------------------
Tue Jul 7 1998
Improved version of sparse matrices.
Added a function atoREAL(s) as a simplified form of strtoREAL(s,p)
------------------------------------------------------
Fri Jul 3 1998
Reversed the change of format from the previous: Now the format is
again like the output of GMP: +.10000E0001 for a REAL(1), for
a better possibility to compare the results.
Added a preliminary version of sparse matrices.
Added a pair of functions stiff_begin() / stiff_end() that locally
force a higher precision (mainly of interest e.g. for strtoREAL,
where the inputs are precise, but the algorithm itself produces
impreciseness.
------------------------------------------------------
Thu Jul 2 1998
Fixed (at least i hope) a bug in the basic LR package: under certain
circumstances ,routine LRTODEC gave wrong results. At the same time,
changed the format of the output in that routine: it now uses rounded
results and e.g. REAL(1) will always show up as +1.0000E0000 and not
as +.10000E0001 or even as +.9999E0000.
------------------------------------------------------
Mon Jun 29 1998
Addition of function strtoREAL in REALLIB.
It converts a string to a REAL in a way similar to strtod.
Correction of silly error in REALLIB.cc:
REAL max_approx (long prec, const REAL& x, const REAL& y){
- if ( upperbound(x-y) <prec ) return x;
+ if ( positive(x-y,prec) ) return x;
Removed #include <string.h> where not necessary
------------------------------------------------------
Tue Jun 22 1998
Changed implementation of steady_state such that less memory is used.
Now (at least well conditioned) Markov chains with 1000 states can be handled.
------------------------------------------------------
Tue May 26 1998
Changed implementation of matrix division such that x/y is
allowed as soon as x and y have the same number of rows.
The number of columns need not be the same.
------------------------------------------------------
Thu Feb 19 1998
(1) Changed deallocation of metric objects (now in order of allocation,
so a matrix is deallocated before its entries are deallocated.
Consequence: Example matrix1 with LR now works up to size 250,
using 170 MB. Unfortunately, using the interface to GMP, there is still
a seg fault for larger arrays.
(2) Minor internal error in REALMATRIX fixed (wrong #define ELEMENT )
(3) New routine steady_state(p) computing the steady state distribution
of an irreducible discrete homogeneous Markov chain, where $p$
is the transition matrix, based on the Grassmann algorithm with
state elimination.
Examples: 400 states, P(i,j)=1/400 (i.e. independent from i,j)
max MP-memory used: 32500 kB
maximal precision: -100
user 4m45.350s (PPro200, 256 MB)
user 11m22.140s (K5PR100, 64 MB)
(but a lot more conventional memory was used, total about 60 MB)
(4) To simplify comparison of algorithms, there is a new DOUBLE_INTERFACE.
Here double* is used instead of GMP resp. LR.
Of course, the errors are not controlled!
The implementation is preliminary (and might stay so forever..)
------------------------------------------------------
Dec 1997 - Jan 1998
(1) sources are split
new: DYADIC.cc, REALlimits.cc, COMPLEX.cc
(2) new class METRIC_OBJECT:
will be base class for REAL, COMPLEX, ..(and maybe other metric spaces??)
aim: unification of the limit-operators for different objects
(3) new class ITERATION_STACK controlling the relevant parameters of iterations
metric objects are stored in a doubly linked list in the actual
iteration stack
on reiterations, all objects in this list are cleared, so at least
storage occupied by the MP-packages is freed again on longjmp's
still lost: any other memory not on the stack...
------------------------------------------------------
Mon Dec 29 1997
new limit operator
limit_mv for multi-valued functions
implemented for REALMATRIX
implementation of COMPLEX square root
------------------------------------------------------
Mon Dec 22 1997
new conversion operator:
round(x), returning k or k+1 where k <= x <= k+1
but only rough implementation
needs to be revisited!
new function modulus(x,y) returning the remainder of x divided by y
modification of sin and cos using modulus(x,2*pi) instead of x
correction of size:
+ ergsize.mantissa=ergsize.mantissa>>1 +1;
- ergsize.mantissa=ergsize.mantissa<<1;
correction of cos:
+ REAL z=1,y=1;
+ REAL z=dummy,y=1;
class COMPLEX as subclass of REALMATRIX
------------------------------------------------------
Wed Dec 17 1997
sin and cos stopped working for argument REAL(0):
segmentation fault in division of 0 by another number.
-> Determination of precision in division changed back to `absolute'
------------------------------------------------------
Tue Dec 16 1997
New limit operators: limit_hint
New operator for Lipschitz-cont functions
------------------------------------------------------
Fri Nov 21 1997
Determination of precision of multiplications and division changed
to a somewhat `relative' precision:
local_prec now depends on actual_precision+dependencies of parameters.
Seems to improve error propagation in matrix1.
------------------------------------------------------
Wed Nov 19 1997
Found bug in LR_GETSIZE (implementation of MP_getsize for LR),
with a precision of -10888, test procedure itsyst now can
compute the value x_5780 (previously: x_4510),
now we loose only (z->_mp_d)[abs(z->_mp_size-1)]1.884 bits per value
------------------------------------------------------
Thu Aug 21 1997
Error information in REALS changed to structure `sizetype',
error propagation is now defined using functions on sizetype.
At least for multiplication this is an improvement.
With a precision of -10888, test procedure itsyst now can
compute the value x_5140 (previously: x_4510), now we loose
2.040 bits per value in contrast to 2.414 bits.
Neccessary: New function MP_getsize delivering more bits of the mantissa.
All of the basic functions must be checked again!
Error propagation in the division seems to be (slightly) broken!
------------------------------------------------------
Mon Aug 11 1997
Fixed bug in interface to GMP, MP_size was totally broken...
Now interface to GMP seems functional :-)
------------------------------------------------------
Fri Aug 8 1997
New file REALcore.h with for private routines that are needed by
REALS.cc and by REALMATRIX.cc. So limit of matrices again
implemented in REALMATRIX.cc.
------------------------------------------------------
Thu Aug 7 1997
Bug: w >> p is w / 2**(-p %32) and not w / 2**(-p) !
Consequence: Errors are calculated too big if the arguments are
very different in size.
Solution: new inline function scale(w,p)
------------------------------------------------------
Wed Aug 6 1997
In LR/Dyadic_Base.c, the division is improved by a handcoded assembler
in the innermost loops for i386. This gives a enormous speedup of
about 50% for this routine.
------------------------------------------------------
Tue Jul 29 1997
Implementation of:
exp(matrix)
limit-operator for matrices
rwrite, rshow for matrices
------------------------------------------------------
Sat Jul 26 1997
Implementation of:
exp(x), final version(?), using Taylor series for |x|<1,
else using recursion exp(x)=exp(x/2)^2
sqrt(x), preliminary, using normal limit operator
rshow(x,w), showing the value x in a field of at most max(9,w) characters
the shown result is correct, however the last might differ by 1.
In addition, an denormalized output in the form e.g. ".*E-0003"
just indicates that the value of x is below 10^(-3).
Cleaning up: old implementations of limit1 and sum deleted.
Renaming of write to rwrite.
In LR/Dyadic_Base.c, the division is improved by a few changes
to the innermost loops (working with pointer arithmetic instead of arrays).
This gives a speedup of about 10% for this routine.
------------------------------------------------------
Fri Jul 25 1997
Handcoding the central iteration of the multiplication in LR in assembler
gives a speedup of almost 50% for the test program "itsyst". The assembler
routines are automatically chosen if compilation is done on a Linux machine
(beware of other architectures!!!)
If there are any changes to Dyadic_Base.c, the patch can be applied to the
new source with
cd LR
gcc -O3 -m486 -mwide-multiply -S Dyadic_Base.c
patch -p0 < Dyadic_Base.patch
cp Dyadic_Base.s Dyadic_Base-LINUX-i386.s
In consequence, GMP and LR are almost of the same speed for this test.
The import of GMP is still erroneus, "matrix" and computing the sin function
lead to infinite loops. Maybe error in conversion long->REAL ?
Additionally, "matrix1" with matrix size of 50 leads to a segmentation fault.
Starting "matrix1" using LR leads to:
time echo 50 | examples/matrix1 -d
....
Maximum-Norm +.13E+0162
....
RealRAM ending
variables in use: 127542
memory in use: 6912 kB
stored tests: 0
stored conversions: 0
stored inputs: 4
number of outputs: 15160
real 2m50.229s
user 2m41.250s
sys 0m0.750s
gprof examples/matrix1 shows
time seconds seconds calls ms/call ms/call name
49.41 77.52 77.52 1350045 0.06 0.06 Dyadic_Base_SysMul
9.97 93.17 15.65 383798 0.04 0.04 Dyadic_Base_SysDiv
8.96 107.23 14.06 mcount
so the multiplication is the most important procedure in this example!
Additionally we have the following numbers of essential function calls in
our arithmetic:
1337056 operator*
1217054 operator-
55546 operator/
125000 operator+
i.e. 2734656 million operations corresponding to 17 KFlops (with high precision)
time sine -d -prec_init=-55 yields a user time of 0m3.570s and gprof shows
33.95% overhead by profiling leading to 175468 operations with about 74 KFlops
------------------------------------------------------
Thu Jul 24 1997
Unification of the Makefiles for LR and GMP, choice of the MP interface is
done via "make LR" or "make GMP" for the very first compilation.
Subsequent compilations use the chosen interface.
------------------------------------------------------
July 1997
Implementing first versions of limits with lipschitz-conditions,
used for REALLIB: sine, cosine and maximum.
REALMATRIX is enhanced by an initial (erroneus!) version of
matrix exponentiation.
Starting the integration of GMP. In consequence, the interface to the
MP library becomes clearer.
------------------------------------------------------
June 1997
Implementation of the following parameters:
-debug=p Level of Debug: 0=errors, 1= main iterations, 2= limits
-d Starting debugging with level 1
-prec_init=p Modifikation of the starting precision ( usually negative!)
-prec_inc=b Modifikation of the inkrement (usually positive!)
-prec_factor=d Modifikation of the factor ( >1,double)