path---chapters-deep-thinkers-ade8bdf300ebdf294b22.js

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The guest commentator for this episode is Dr. Jameson Graef Rollins of Caltech’s Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory.",'Dr. Rollins describes the phenomenon of black holes: "Black holes are usually formed through gravitational collapse whereby very massive objects are crushed into a very small region due to their own gravity. Once an object is dense enough that even light cannot escape from its surface, there is no known force in the universe that can prevent the object from collapsing into a single point, known as a singularity. The singularity inside of a black hole is a point of an infinite curvature. The surface of no return, surrounding a black hole, is known as the ‘event horizon’. When you cross the event horizon of a black hole there is nothing capable of preventing you from falling into the singularity at its center."'],script_quotes:null,credits:[{title:"Concept/Script, Main Soundtrack, Producer and Presenter",names:["Jeff Mills"]},{title:"Recorded/Edited at",names:["Spider Formation Miami/Paris"]},{title:"Guest Musicians",names:["Kathleen Supové - Pianist, Recorded at Threshold Studio, New York","Thomas Gould - Violinist, Recorded at Flesh And Bones Studio, London"]},{title:"Guest Interview and commentary",names:["Dr. Jameson Graef Rollins"]},{title:"Narration",names:["Vicente Solis – The Green Agency"]},{title:"Project Coordinator, Recording and Research Assistant",names:["Yoko Uozumi"]},{title:"Program Press Relations",names:["Elsa Sachet"]}],qa:{title:"Q&A WITH GUEST ARTISTS KATHLEEN SUPOVÉ AND THOMAS GOULD:",paragraphs:["How did you approach the task of musically representing the singularity inside a black hole, and how did this relate to your instrument?","THOMAS GOULD: I can’t pretend that I’m any kind of expert on astrophysics or space exploration! The violin, being something like 500 years old, isn’t the first musical instrument that would spring to mind when thinking of the music of the cosmos, but it is a wonderfully versatile instrument, and subtle effects were applied to make it sound more otherworldly.",'KATHLEEN SUPOVÉ: I guess that I had an initial flash of an idea when I saw the respective titles, and then that flash was amplified by hearing the tracks that Jeff had already laid down. It always involved a physical gesture, at least as much as a "musical" motif. I guess I\'m just an actor or dancer at heart… ',"How do you think music can be best used to help people think about subjects that exceed the limits of their minds?","TG: I think music provides a huge number of people an escape from the “limits of their minds”. You only have to look at how many commuters are immersed in their headphones at rush hour. Of course most of them are unlikely to be contemplating subjects that exceed the limits of their minds, but music has a unique ability to transport us from the limitations and frustrations of our actually lives and limitations.",'KS: I was struck by the experience of listening to this show – first of all, I hardly ever listen to radio, but it created an interesting mental space. Your mind is forced to manufacture images, but it settles down into a kind of meditative state. At some point during the show, I realized I\'d "gone somewhere"…',"In what contexts do you think music is best listened to?","TG: I think nothing comes close to the thrill of live music making. This is the heart of our art form and hopefully always will be. But both of my recent collaborations with Jeff have been for radio, for Radio 1 and now NTS, so that shows how important radio is in terms of creating new music, as well as spreading old.","What in particular have you learned from the creative process and collaboration in The Outer Limits?","KS: Well the recording session was really intense. I learned to trust my instincts and the skills I have because there was no other choice.","TG: The best takes were the ones where I could immerse myself fully in the concept and switch off my critical and over-analytical side, which is always there for any classically-trained musician. So I guess I learned that you can find the greatest rewards musically when you lose yourself.","What’s your next musical endeavor? ","KS: I'll be releasing a new album sometime this year on the Starkland label, looking to extend the piano through the use of accessories, including vocals, string manipulation, laughter, mallets and Yamaha Disklavier robotic chamber music.","TG: My jazz series ‘Gould Standard’ continues at London’s Kings Place on April 13th, and before that I play a contemporary classical programme, also at Kings Place, on February 28th."]}},gallery:[{title:"Extreme Power Of Black Hole Revealed",description:"NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has revealed one of the most powerful black holes known. The black hole has created enormous structures in the surrounding gas and prevented trillions of stars from forming, in the galaxy cluster RX J1532.9+3021, roughly 3.9 billion light years from Earth.",credits:"Photograph by NASA, CXC, STANFORD, J.HLAVACEK-LARRONDO ET AL",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/9658eafe-c97b-4363-873d-dcb9f9960492_1516147200.jpeg"},{title:"Exploring the Quantum World",description:"Researchers at JPL and Caltech have developed an instrument for exploring the cosmos and the quantum world. This new type of amplifier boosts electrical signals and can be used for everything from studying stars, galaxies and black holes to exploring the quantum world and developing quantum computers.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA, JPL-Caltech",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/b422ac39-ffc9-42f3-940a-28ec6dc55195_1516147200.jpeg"},{title:"Looking Back In Time",description:"When you look far into deep space, you look deep into the past. This 1992 photograph captured by the Hubble telescope depicts a cluster of galaxies four billion light years away, and four billion years in the past - photographs like these can help us to piece together the formation of our modern galaxies.",credits:"Photograph by NASA",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/4f2bb6e2-573e-42d3-a18a-a2d910f482d7_1516147200.jpeg"},{title:"M87",description:"According to the Hubble’s Faint Object Spectograph, the black hole at the centre of galaxy M87 holds as much mass as 2.4 billion suns. The Hubble photograph pictured here highlights a jet of superheated gas shot out from the black hole across a distance of several thousand light-years.",credits:"Photograph by NASA, HUBBLE HERITAGE TEAM",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/5df79254-dedf-4429-8f35-5a1c750dd290_1516060800.jpeg"},{title:"Infrared Echoes of a Black Hole Eating a Star",description:"This illustration shows a glowing stream of material from a star as it is being devoured by a supermassive black hole in a tidal disruption flare, in a process known as accretion.",credits:"Illustration by NASA, JPL-Caltech",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/bba21967-3f3d-4eaf-8498-b956c886f24c_1516060800.jpeg"},{title:"Lunar Prospector Mid-flight",description:"NASA's Lunar Prospector spacecraft is a spin-stabilized spacecraft designed to provide NASA with the first global maps of the Moon's surface, as well as look for the possible presence of ice near the lunar poles. It will orbit the Moon at an altitude of approximately 63 miles during a one-year mission.",credits:"Photograph by NASA, KSC",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/7029af3b-af0f-4081-aabf-55a9d9790396_1516060800.jpeg"},{title:"High-Energy Particles in Milky Way Black Hole",description:"New evidence has been uncovered for the presence of a jet of high-energy particles blasting out of the Milky Way’s supermassive black hole... Astronomers have made the best case yet that such a jet exists by combining X-ray data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory with radio from the NSF’s Very Large Array.",credits:"Photograph by NASA, CXC, UCLA, Z. Li et al; written by BROOKE BOEN",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/8de80c6a-988f-42ef-99ef-cbd8a9110f5f_1516147200.jpeg"},{title:"Black Hole Cygnus X-1",description:"This image of the suspected Black Hole, Cygnus X-1 remains one of the strongest X-ray sources visible from Earth, with a mass equivalent to just under fifteen times our own sun. It is unlikely to be any other object other than a black hole, and would have an event horizon with a radius of just 44km.",credits:"Photograph by NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/83a1daa5-295f-4434-b751-aec3d746f83b_1516060800.jpeg"},{title:"Powerful Cosmic Collision",description:"Astronomers have discovered what happens when the eruption from a supermassive black hole is swept up by the collision and merger of two galaxy clusters. Multiple telescopes were used to analyze how the combination of these two powerful phenomena can create an extraordinary cosmic particle accelerator.",credits:"Photograph by PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA, CXC, SAO/R. VAN WERREN ET AL; Written by LEE MOHON",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/30e9da5f-fb2a-461b-b418-a4b3e0ebdccc_1516060800.jpeg"},{title:"Planetary Nebula M2-9",description:"Researchers using NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy capture infrared images of the last exhalations of a dying sun-like star.",credits:"Photograph by PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA, DLR, USRA, DSI, FORCAST team, M. Werner, J. Rho; written by RUBY CALZADA",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/f2d57ec4-19a7-4d23-bfe2-568904e76932_1516060800.jpeg"},{title:"Shedding Light on Dark Gamma Ray Bursts",description:"In this artist's concept, dense knots of dust in otherwise normal galaxies dim the light of a dark gamma-ray burst (center). The dust absorbs most or all of a burst's visible light but not higher-energy X-rays and gamma rays.",credits:"Photograph by PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA, SWIFT, AURORE SIMONNET",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/f1bb0c14-c108-4ab5-a31e-8552598e1f9d_1516147200.png"},{title:"SOFIA",description:"This image reveals detailed structures in the clouds of star forming material, as well as heat radiating from a cluster of luminous newborn stars seen in the upper right. This young stellar cluster was originally identified in 1967 by Eric Becklin and others.",credits:"Photograph by  NASA, SOFIA, USRA, FORCAST TEAM; written by RUBY CALZADA",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/db2003a7-c181-4dcd-8f2f-a8d4e7030b32_1516147200.png"},{title:"A Black Hole ‘Choir’",description:"The blue dots in this field of galaxies, known as the COSMOS field, show galaxies that contain supermassive black holes emitting high-energy X-rays. The black holes were detected by NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Array, or NuSTAR, which spotted 32 such black holes in this field and has observed hundreds across the whole sky so far.",credits:"Photograph by PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA, JPL-Caltech; written by TONY GREICIUS",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/8ea31115-a958-4605-a018-54a570be15e0_1516060800.jpeg"},{title:"NASA's OSIRIS-REx Takes Its First Image of Jupiter",description:"This magnified, cropped image shows Jupiter in the center, the moon Callisto to the left and the moons Io and Europa to the right. Ganymede, Jupiter’s fourth Galilean moon, is also present in the image, but is not visible as it is crossing in front of the planet.",credits:"Photograph by NASA, GODDARD, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA; written by KARL HILLE",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/d935f085-1e5f-44eb-91b8-a371137b1d51_1516147200.png"}],audio:[{type:"teaser",soundcloudSecretToken:"s-rsVzS",soundcloudTrackID:"382574456"},{type:"podcast",soundcloudSecretToken:"s-NkPYahPxxNJ",soundcloudTrackID:"905678338"}]},{id:"apollo-18",name:"Apollo 18",broadcastDate:"14.03.2018",broadcastStartTime:"14:00",broadcastEndTime:"15:00",content:{description:["Chapter 2 of The Outer Limits explores the fictional story of NASA’s ‘Apollo 18’. A mission that was officially cancelled by the US government due to budgetary constraints which also lead to the end of NASA’s Apollo missions. Mills’ 60 minute musical odyssey resumes the program with an abstract and musically interwoven episode of all original compositions that features Parisian cellist, Éric-Maria Couturier."],script_quotes:[{quote:'"The surface is fine and powdery. I can kick it up loosely with my toe. It does adhere in fine layers, like powdered charcoal, to the sole and sides of my boots."',author:"Neil Armstrong describes the surface of the Moon"},{quote:'"We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.” [Address at Rice University, September 12 1962]',author:"John F. Kennedy"},{quote:'"Maybe there\'s a whole other universe where a square moon rises in the sky, and the stars laugh in cold voices, and some of the triangles have four sides, and some have five, and some have five raised to the fifth power of sides. In this universe there might grow roses which sing. Everything leads to everything."',author:"Stephen King"},{quote:'"For me, the most ironic token of [the first human moon landing] is the plaque signed by President Richard M. Nixon that Apollo 11 took to the moon. It reads, ‘We came in peace for all Mankind.’ As the United States was dropping seven and a half megatons of conventional explosives on small nations in Southeast Asia, we congratulated ourselves on our humanity. We would harm no one on a lifeless rock."',author:"Carl Sagan"},{quote:'"There was just one moon. That familiar, yellow, solitary moon. The same moon that silently floated over fields of pampas grass, the moon that rose--a gleaming, round saucer--over the calm surface of lakes, that tranquilly beamed down on the rooftops of fast-asleep houses. The same moon that brought the high tide to shore, that softly shone on the fur of animals and enveloped and protected travelers at night. The moon that, as a crescent, shaved slivers from the soul--or, as a new moon, silently bathed the earth in its own loneliness. THAT moon."',author:"Haruki Murakami, 1Q84"},{quote:'"It is a beautiful and delightful sight to behold the body of the Moon."',author:'Galileo Galilei, The Starry Messenger, Venice 1610: "From Doubt to Astonishment"'},{quote:'"I\'m convinced that before the year 2000 is over, the first child will have been born on the moon."',author:"Wernher von Braun"},{quote:'"I am alone now, truly alone, and absolutely isolated from any known life. I am it. If a count were taken, the score would be three billion plus two over on the other side of the moon, and one plus God knows what on this side."',author:"Michael Collins, Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut's Journey"}],credits:[{title:"Concept/Script, Main Soundtrack, Producer and Presenter",names:["Jeff Mills"]},{title:"Recorded/Edited at",names:["Spider Formation Miami/Paris"]},{title:"Guest Musicians",names:["Eric-Maria Couturier - Cellist Records At studio Ferber Paris"]},{title:"Narration",names:["Vicente Solis – The Green Agency"]},{title:"Project Coordinator, Recording and Research Assistant",names:["Yoko Uozumi"]},{title:"Program Press Relations",names:["Elsa Sachet"]}],qa:null},gallery:[{title:"View of the Sculptured Hills",description:"Lunar Rover footage looking northeast from Tracy’s Rock, a large boulder visited by the Apollo 17 crew in December, 1972. The camera points towards rolling hills and sun glare.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/b8ad631d-e91c-4532-b768-6b9f0c60fbd4_1520467200.jpeg"},{title:"On the Crater's Edge",description:"Pilot to the Apollo 16 Lunar Module, Charles M. Duke Jr, is pictured collecting samples at the Descartes landing site in 1972. A lunar rover is visible in the background at the rim of the Plum crater, which measures 40 metres in diameter and 10 metres in depth.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/ce397b32-9ff7-4b11-83af-37a63531f137_1520467200.jpeg"},{title:"Reaction to Apollo 11",description:"The general public witness the first ever manned mission to the moon, Apollo 11, which was broadcast live on television in 1969.",credits:"FOOTAGE BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/09d3b6ce-311d-45d8-9811-79d14ebcd38a_1520467200.gif"},{title:"Eugene A. Cernan",description:"The last man to walk on the moon and commander of the Apollo 17 mission, Eugene A. Cernan. Pictured here holding the lower corner of the American flag during their first extravehicular activity on 12th December, 1972.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/02aea7af-9dd7-4133-bcda-ee8d5dae21e7_1520467200.jpeg"},{title:"Apollo 11 Undocking",description:"The Apollo 11 craft splits into two separate spacecraft with their own callsigns, Columbia and Eagle. This footage shows the Lunar Module’s view as it undocks from the Command and Service Module during their final lunar orbit.",credits:"FOOTAGE BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/31e19279-891e-4ad4-a758-10df5342fe54_1520467200.gif"},{title:"Damaged Apollo 13",description:"The view from Apollo 13’s Lunar Module - this depicts a heavily damaged Service Module after it was jettisoned. Apollo 13 was aborted thanks to an exploding oxygen tank and the Lunar Module was used as a lifeboat to return to Earth.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/9d46959a-7ba7-4986-844b-32af89d93deb_1520467200.jpeg"},{title:"Approaching the Aitken Crater",description:"The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, launched in 2009, captures a rare oblique view of the Aitken crater: the landing site for Apollo 18.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/18a21718-56f4-4869-839e-f20af730a38b_1520467200.jpeg"},{title:"Apollo 9 CSM",description:"The Apollo 9 Command and Service Module, photographed through the window of the ‘Spider’ Lunar Module on the fifth day of the Apollo 9 earth-orbital mission.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/b1ac946a-fc8c-4a62-b6fa-3c432ad35d03_1520467200.jpeg"},{title:"Mission Control",description:"Whilst the entire world watched, NASA engineers based in Mission Control in Houston scramble to assert the safety of the Apollo 11 astronauts landing on the moon.",credits:"FOOTAGE BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/d13d3800-7c48-41ee-aa55-97e2c27679ef_1520467200.gif"},{title:"Approaching The Moon",description:"An Apollo mission captures a low altitude view of the dark lunar horizon rising up to greet them as it approaches the far side of the moon.",credits:"FOOTAGE BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/faeb8596-8d79-4274-887d-cdaee57072c5_1520467200.gif"},{title:"Terraforming The Moon",description:"A small lunar base, as imagined by NASA in the 1970s, with a Mass Driver extending to the horizon. A mass driver is an electromagnetic catapult designed for non-rocket space launch.",credits:"ARTIST’S DEPICTION BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/34db7ae6-5fc2-4d9c-99fc-274fe12f3301_1520467200.jpeg"},{title:"Apollo 11 Undocking (Part II)",description:"An alternate view of the Apollo 11 undocking procedure, with this footage captured from the Command and Service Module looking onto the newly detached Lunar Module.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/4aab5bd6-9912-4bf0-867f-7b03c9b63ad4_1520467200.gif"},{title:"Saturn V Spectators",description:"Awed spectators admire the ignition of the Saturn V rocket as it launches Apollo 11 mission outer space. The audience at Cape Canaveral reported earthquake-like tremors during take-off.",credits:"FOOTAGE BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/65fd8527-0af2-452c-8973-fcd88cda96d6_1520467200.gif"},{title:"The Crater Sniadecki",description:"A view of the circular, bowl-shaped impact crater Sniadecki on the far side of the moon. Captured by the Apollo 17 mission in 1972.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/27499c00-a89b-43ee-942f-cccddfd06148_1520467200.jpeg"},{title:"David Scott on the Moon",description:"David Scott exits the Apollo 15 Lunar Module, becoming the seventh person to ever set foot on the moon. Soon after, Scott piloted the first vehicular lunar mission using the Rover-1.",credits:"FOOTAGE BY NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/b4621975-7e57-4c66-ba78-7b57d0cc45b5_1520467200.gif"}],audio:[{type:"teaser",soundcloudSecretToken:"s-BEiFA",soundcloudTrackID:"410477289"},{type:"podcast",soundcloudSecretToken:"s-mJXj8PKInHH",soundcloudTrackID:"905677126"}]},{id:"star-people",name:"Star People",broadcastDate:"30.05.2018",broadcastStartTime:"14:00",broadcastEndTime:"15:01",content:{description:["The third episode of Jeff Mills’ NTS Radio residency looks to ‘Star People’ – seen through the teachings of ancient Egyptian high priests of Ra through to the oil paintings of French impressionists. Featuring all original music by Jeff Mills, this show covers brand new cosmic techno productions mixed seamlessly with contemporary classical performances from acclaimed Norwegian violinist Mari Samuelsen.","The atmospheric soundscapes are interspersed with intimate spoken passages from a conversation between Jeff Mills and Danish sculptor and installation artist Olafur Eliasson. The two artists discuss the sculptural and architectural consequences of a world with two suns, and the emotional and physical energy of the sun’s rays.","Interview passages taken from a conversation between Jeff Mills and Olafur Eliasson moderated by Sven von Thülen for Telekom Electronic Beats. Courtesy of Studio Olafur Eliasson, Berlin. Special thanks to Olafur Eliasson and Carola Stoiber."],script_quotes:null,credits:[{title:"Concept/Script, Main Soundtrack, Producer and Presenter",names:["Jeff Mills"]},{title:"Recorded/Edited at",names:["Spider Formation Miami/Paris & Studios Ferber Paris"]},{title:"Guest Artists",names:["MARI SAMUELSEN, OLAFUR ELIASSON"]},{title:"Narration",names:["Vicente Solis – The Green Agency"]},{title:"Project Coordinator, Recording and Research Assistant",names:["Yoko Uozumi"]},{title:"Program Press Relations",names:["Elsa Sachet"]}],qa:null},gallery:[{title:"ISS in Transit",description:"A composite image constructed from seven separate frames, depicting the International Space Station as it transits the sun at a speed of approximately five miles per second during a partial solar eclipse in August 2017.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA/JOEL KOWSKY",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/ea1bb202-2a2e-41d6-aaf3-96f89876e4b0_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Golden Arches",description:"Magnetically charged particles form symmetrical arches as they follow the sun’s magnetic field lines. These images were captured at a wavelength of extreme ultraviolet light and depict ionised iron at a temperature of roughly one million degrees.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY, NASA.",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/7a7ebb30-d4a0-4b77-aa67-733cba4ea366_1527206400.gif"},{title:"NGC 4784",description:"The Hubble Telescope captures a giant galaxy ten times the size of the Milky Way, surrounded by a swarm of star clusters and dwarf galaxies. Located in the direction of constellation Coma Berenices, the galaxy holds onto more star clusters than any other known galaxy.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY ESA/HUBBLE & NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/0856d283-1df8-469c-84c8-4f8d876468a6_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Partial Solar Eclipse",description:"Time lapse footage of the 2017 partial solar eclipse, as seen from the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY JSC, NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/f76f1b63-9300-4dc6-a640-b44b2c3681e1_1527206400.gif"},{title:"The Great Temple at Abū Simbel",description:"The opening facade of The Great Temple at Abū Simbel, dedicated to the Sun god Ra as well as Amun and Ptah. Twice a year on the 22nd of October and February, all the sculptures on the back wall of the temple are illuminated by the sun’s rays except for the depiction of Ptah, god of the underworld, who remains in darkness.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY FRANCIS FRITH",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/d5c5126f-c602-4996-9930-5d9d449deee5_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Last Glimmer of the Sun",description:"The last glimmer of the sun is seen as the moon makes its final transit during the total solar eclipse on Monday 21st August, 2017 above Madras in Oregon.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA/AUBREY GEMIGNANI",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/08902f71-9172-4f4b-8f5c-869370ce16e7_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"NGC 3923",description:"The glowing object in this Hubble Space Telescope image is an elliptical galaxy called NGC 3923, located over 90 million light-years away in the constellation of Hydra. This galaxy has an onion-like structure, with over twenty concentric shells of stars.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY ESA/HUBBLE & NASA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/9146a7c0-2793-440a-90d8-7ab2e03b2f45_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Martian Sunset",description:"NASA's Curiosity Mars rover recorded this sunset at the close of the mission's 956th Martian day, from the rover's location in Gale Crater. Dust in the Martian atmosphere has fine particles that permit blue light to penetrate the atmosphere more efficiently than longer-wavelength colors. This effect is most pronounced near sunset.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA/JPL-CALTECH/MSSS/TEXAS A&M UNIV",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/15f6b6fa-2524-434b-bc64-65b6ddef5968_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"The Weather Project",description:"The Weather Project installation in the Tate Modern’s Turbine Hall in 2003, by guest artist and interviewee Olafur Eliasson. The installation featured a giant, sun-like orb made up of hundreds of mono-frequency lights, bathing the gallery in an eerie monochromatic yellow glow.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY STUDIO OLAFUR ELIASSON",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/0b7fb73f-cae8-40f1-91fa-a27588ab78b4_1527206400.gif"},{title:"Red Sun",description:"An unusual red-tinted sun photographed in Worcestershire, England. Meteorologists attributed the solar colour change to interfering particles swept up from the Sahara desert by Hurricane Ophelia. Red skies fell across many other parts of the U.K. in October of 2017.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY JON FREEMAN/ALAMY LIVE NEWS",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/c27fd64c-de83-4f83-a7f1-f9aed3a6d0dd_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Solar Eclipse",description:"An alternate view of the total solar eclipse from 2017, with the moon pictured mid-transit. This photograph was also captured in Oregon, although from a NASA Gulfstream III aircraft flying at an altitude of approximately 25,000 feet.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA/CARLA THOMAS",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/0a0b407e-78c0-41aa-a73d-1ba98909891a_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Solar Eclipse as seen by Hinode Satellite",description:"The Hinode satellite, launched by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency with American and English collaboration, looks to investigate the interaction between the Sun's magnetic field and its corona. Here it captures images of the moon traversing the sun during a total eclipse in July 2009, visible from parts of Asia and the Pacific ocean.",credits:"Photograph by NASA/JAXA",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/00b6784b-463e-4d13-9f11-308ee16f6e69_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Aztec calendar stone",description:"The Aztec calendar stone, sculpted during the early sixteenth century, depicts the face of the Aztec solar deity, Tonatiuh. The four squares surrounding the centre represent four previous suns or eras preceding the current era, 4 Movement.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY JACKSON, WILLIAM HENRY, 1843-1942, PHOTOGRAPHER",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/6dff932c-c6f3-4643-ac2d-51609d6a9fcf_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"The Weather Project",description:"Additional footage of Olafur Eliasson’s Tate Modern installation. The ceiling of the Turbine Hall was replaced by a giant mirror reflecting the floor below. This was the fourth in an annual Unilever Series of commissions for the Turbine Hall.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY BROADBANDTV",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/3d59409d-d09e-4772-9819-7fc306d315e5_1527206400.gif"},{title:"A Stellar Nursery",description:"Illuminated by the light of nearby stars, the nebula M-78 exhibits a ghostly appearance in this 10-minute exposure taken at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. Located in the constellation of Orion, some 1600 light years from Earth, this reflection nebula is known to contain more than 40 very young stars still in the process of formation",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA/MSFC/MEO/BILL COOKE",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/0e52f7aa-8048-42e1-b9a9-e6fceef59860_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Binary Sunset",description:"A culturally enduring representation of a binary star system can be found in the 1977 Star Wars film. Luke Skywalker’s fictional home planet Tatooine orbits a binary star system. The planet’s name was inspired by the southern Tunisian city of Tataouine - many scenes from the film were filmed nearby.",credits:"PHOTOGRAPH BY 20TH CENTURY FOX",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/71cd5808-3d6d-4833-85f9-806913fd58d3_1527206400.gif"},{title:"Imentet and Ra",description:"The Ancient Egyptian sun God Ra depicted next to Imentet, a Goddess representing the necropolises West of the river Nile. As seen on the tomb of Egyptian queen Nefertari, dating back to the 13th century B.C.",credits:"Photograph by Wikipedia",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/0df918ab-67de-406f-b715-28e67047c604_1527120000.jpeg"},{title:"Dwarf star",description:"Animation depicting the motion of a white dwarf star passing in front of a distant background star. The background star’s position appears to change as light is distorted by the white dwarf’s gravity.",credits:"Animation by NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI)",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/a728aaea-5820-4a4c-821a-33690fcf5088_1527120000.gif"},{title:"The Weather Project",description:"An onlooker basks in the mono-frequency light emitting from Olafur Elassion’s 2003 installation in the Tate Modern. ",credits:"Photograph by BroadbandTV",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/8f4f4ccf-4144-464b-85e6-9073e3419620_1527206400.gif"}],audio:[{type:"teaser",soundcloudSecretToken:"s-nCI3I",soundcloudTrackID:"448539543"},{type:"podcast",soundcloudSecretToken:"s-AYrIl15kLwx",soundcloudTrackID:"905677945"}]},{id:"the-exquisite-corpse",name:"The Exquisite Corpse",broadcastDate:"15.08.2018",broadcastStartTime:"15:00",broadcastEndTime:"16:01",content:{description:["In the fourth edition of The Outer Limits, Jeff Mills explores abstract thought via the chemistry of music and poetry, with an hour long mix of original music featuring renowned American poet, Jessica Care Moore.","Titled ‘The Exquisite Corpse’, this episode refers to an old parlour game, popularised by André Breton during the Surrealist art movement in the mid twenties, although Pierre Reverdy claimed this began as early as 1918 - which would mark this year as its 100th centenary. In the parlour game participants contribute to a collaborative image or text, each contributing their own creativity whilst only viewing the last words or lines by the previous artist. The resulting artwork is thus a composite image, joining together disparate ideas into a disquietingly cohesive whole."],
script_quotes:null,credits:[{title:"Concept/Script, Main Soundtrack, Producer and Presenter",names:["Jeff Mills"]},{title:"Recorded/Edited at",names:["SPIDER FORMATION MIAMI/PARIS & STUDIO A DETROIT"]},{title:"Guest Artists",names:["JESSICA CARE MOORE"]},{title:"Narration",names:["VICENTE SOLIS – THE GREEN AGENCY"]},{title:"Project Coordinator, Recording and Research Assistant",names:["Yoko Uozumi"]},{title:"Program Press Relations",names:["Elsa Sachet"]}],qa:null},gallery:[{title:"Lee Fuan",description:"Julien Pacaud is a French artist and illustrator who lives and works in Paris, France. Before becoming an illustrator, he was an astrophysicist, international snooker player, hypnotist and esperanto teacher.",credits:"Illustration by Julien Pacaud",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/5564f735-f355-4bec-acb7-c6e078305a9f_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"The Hunter (Catalan Landscape)",description:"Joan Miró was a Spanish painter, sculptor, and ceramicist born in Barcelona. His painting ‘The Hunter’ depicts a landscape in North Eastern Spain and was completed in the years 1923-24.",credits:"Oil on canvas by Joan Miró",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/fe2e1ac4-c4a9-40b2-9739-12683b86c5a3_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Guido’s dream",description:"Guido, played by Italian actor Marcello Mastroianni, stars in a dream sequence in Fellini’s surrealist comedy-drama, 8½.",credits:"Film by Federico Fellini",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/060226d1-a9ad-40e7-8bb2-89346d3c28d9_1533859200.gif"},{title:"Cadavre Exquis",description:"André Breton is best known for his part in leading the surrealist movement - this illustration is an example of the ‘Exquisite Corpse’ pastime, whereby several artists independently construct a surprise composition on one piece of paper. This example dates from 1928.",credits:"Cadavre Exquis by Man Ray, Max Morise, André Breton & Yves Tanguy",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/34668b0d-b54e-4843-bc15-237ae765b930_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"You Are Here",description:"A collage illustration by French artist Julien Pacaud, dating from 2013.",credits:"Illustration by Julien Pacaud",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/bbb1bdcc-4d4b-4f04-ad30-7beaa8ad3ff1_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Pegasus",description:"A composite watercolour by artist Alfred Steiner on hot press paper. Steiner is a New York based artist who has also trained as a copyright and trademark lawyer. This image includes brand names of pocket knife company Victorinox as well as a comb by Faces.",credits:"Watercolour by Alfred Stainer, 2014",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/a4fd4ec6-0139-4295-80ba-0e958032a664_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Le Charme discret de la bourgeoisie",description:"A scene from the French surrealist film, The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, whereby a group of upper middle class people attempt to dine together despite consistent interruptions.",credits:"Film by Luis Buñuel",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/a57fa319-fd13-42d2-aee5-8b82f950e9c8_1533859200.gif"},{title:"Dali Atomicus",description:"During the 1940s Salvador Dalí collaborated with American photographer Philippe Halsman - this work from 1948 explores ideas of suspension, depicting three cats flying, water thrown from a bucket, an easel, a footstool and Salvador Dalí all seemingly suspended in mid-air.",credits:"Photograph by Philippe Halsman, 1948",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/a4cc7cbf-f771-4709-b6f0-f808fc8f7a63_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"The Guard",description:"1970s oil on canvas by Egyptian surrealist painter Mohamed Riyad Saeed. Born in 1937, Saeed was part of a wider trend of surrealism in Egyptian modernist art from the late thirties through to the early seventies.",credits:"Photograph by Mohamed Riyad Saeed",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/6acd282b-1462-40a4-b79b-71df1184e3b4_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"La Planète sauvage",description:"A snippet from René Laloux’s 1973 animated science fiction film, La Planète sauvage: a psychedelic, surreal and allegorical film based on the 1957 novel, Oms en série.",credits:"Film by René Laloux",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/724d88de-dab2-4810-9769-84382332fd24_1533859200.gif"},{title:"Innervision",description:"Working on the theme of The Exquisite Corpse, this giant canvas painting from ‘56 is a collaborative work between abstract expressionist and surrealist artists Roberto Matta & Victor Brauner.",credits:"Oil on canvas by Roberto Matta & Victor Brauner",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/79e6d6a8-4011-4486-b614-54ef0f2a63ce_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Celestial Bodies I",description:"Mixed media collage by French artist Julien Pacaud, featuring displaced bodily limbs and a female torso.",credits:"Illustration by Julien Pacaud",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/881d7767-181d-4893-9050-1873b5b8ef83_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Ariadne",description:"‘Ariadne’ is part of a series of five 1913 paintings by the Italian-born Greek artist Giorgio de Chirico, in which the statue of Ariadne plays a major iconographic role.",credits:"Oil and graphite on canvas by Giorgio de Chirico",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/7c4259d6-570c-4d01-b215-f159eb952be9_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Le sang d'un poète",description:"A clip from Jean Cocteau’s avant-garde film, Le sang d'un poète (The Blood Of A Poet). The film included recurring oneiric imagery, from spinning models of human heads to rotating double-sided masks.",credits:"Film by Jean Cocteau",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/83861276-5515-4cdc-831c-0576b8dd2f58_1533859200.gif"},{title:"She Who Loots The Persian Empire",description:"Amir H. Fallah is an Iranian-born American artist living and working in Los Angeles, CA. This painting depicts a woman whilst omitting the typical signifiers of portraiture, concealing her face, age and race.",credits:"Illustration by Amirh Fallah",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/74df3699-0932-43db-a747-8b373e08dcf7_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Still Life",description:"A still life painting by Aaron Morgan Brown, an artist working and living in Kansas. In his own words, Aaron’s paintings are a “prismatic lens through which I can re-view the world, and a collective transcription of what I encounter there.”",credits:"Oil on canvas by Aaron Morgan Brown",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/3f66b340-3997-4ddb-9c54-1f597e852c82_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Fine Foiled Friends",description:"Le Fawnhawk is an L.A based creative director and transmedia artist. Many of her photographs are taken in the deserts of California and Arizona.",credits:"Photograph by Le Fawnhawk",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/c93fcae6-a548-4aa1-8650-d46de0ee8cdd_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"The False Mirror",description:"An enormous painting of an eye by Belgian surrealist Magritte. Unblinking and without lashes, The False Mirror was described by former owner and photographer Man Ray as a painting which “sees as much as it itself is seen.”",credits:"Oil on canvas by René Magritte",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/787221b4-e307-44ba-94ee-3e1f5de56cb5_1533859200.jpeg"},{title:"Eye’s slicing",description:"A scene from the collaborative film Un Chien Andalou (1929) by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí, depicting an eye severed with a razor and humours spilling forthwith.",credits:"Film by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/ba7a7cac-2736-4f71-90b6-4550144e1a43_1533859200.gif"}],audio:[{type:"teaser",soundcloudSecretToken:"s-ZaObT",soundcloudTrackID:"483769497"},{type:"podcast",soundcloudSecretToken:"s-2kUEplmOSvX",soundcloudTrackID:"905679397"}]},{id:"deep-thinkers",name:"Deep Thinkers",broadcastDate:"29.10.2018",broadcastStartTime:"17:00",broadcastEndTime:"18:01",content:{description:["As The Outer Limits continues into its fifth edition, Jeff Mills looks to the visionary work of Renaissance polymath Leonardo Da Vinci for inspiration. Tune in for an hour of new and original music composed by Jeff himself, featuring a performance from guest artist Carolina Eyck and excerpts of an interview with Irina Metzl from the Château du Clos Lucé, the last residence of Da Vinci where he passed away in 1519. Eyck is one of the world’s leading theremin virtuosos and has helped to promote the instrument internationally through the publication of her method book, ‘The Art of Playing The Theremin’."],script_quotes:[{quote:'"Because of the multiplicity of interests that spurred him to pursue every field of knowledge... Leonardo can be considered, quite rightly, to have been the universal genius par excellence, and with all the disquieting overtones inherent in that term. Man is as uncomfortable today, faced with a genius, as he was in the 16th century."',author:"Bortolon, Liana (1967). The Life and Times of Leonardo"}],credits:[{title:"Concept/Script, Main Soundtrack, Producer and Presenter",names:["Jeff Mills"]},{title:"Recorded/Edited at",names:["SPIDER FORMATION (MIAMI/PARIS)","STUDIO FERBER (PARIS)","YORK RECORDING (LOS ANGELES)"]},{title:"Engineers",names:["GUILLARME DUJARDIN (STUDIO FERBER)","TIM MOORE (YORK RECORDING)"]},{title:"Guest Musicians",names:["CAROLINA EYCK"]},{title:"Commentary",names:["IRINA METZL, from Château Du Clos Lucé"]},{title:"Narration",names:["VICENTE SOLIS – THE GREEN AGENCY"]},{title:"Project Coordinator, Recording and Research Assistant",names:["Yoko Uozumi"]},{title:"Special Thanks To",names:["DR DANIEL GRABIC","CAROLA STOIBER","CATHERINE SIMON MARION"]}],qa:{title:"Excerpts from Irina Metzl’s commentary",paragraphs:["Leonardo da Vinci was born in the small city of Vinci in Italy on 15th April 1452, where he spent his childhood before moving to Firenze to study with Andrea del Verrocchio, an important figure for his early life. Leonardo didn’t receive a classical education, although his grandfather was very close as a child and took him on walks around the countryside of Vinci. He was always saying to him in Italian “po l’occhio”, which means “open your eyes”. That guided him throughout his life: to be curious and to observe… After his childhood in Vinci, Leonardo left to study in Verrocchio’s workshop – a sculptor and a painter – as he had also shown promising talent in his first drawings.","Leonardo wrote in one of his notebooks that his first memory was not a family or a friend but of a bird. He writes: “the kite seems to be my destiny, because among the first recollections of my infancy, it seems to me that, as I was in my cradle, a kite came to me and opened my mouth with its tail and struck me several times with its tail inside my lips”. We know the great dream he had was to fly and so this is something that guided him all his life from his childhood.","Leonardo moved from Italy to France with all notebooks, leaving them in his will to his favourite pupil, Melzi. This is the person he had the most trust in, and was certain that the notebooks would be well kept after his death. Leonardo didn’t leave anything personal but these 8000 pages of notebooks that we know today was something very intimate for him. It’s the only record of all his knowledge, because at the time his inventions were not realized, or were destroyed, or were for temporary objects that could only last a few days so we don’t have any traces of them today. Leonardo explains in several of his notebooks that his inventions were not possible for his own time, because the Renaissance didn’t have the materials or knowledge to realise them. With Leonardo’s ‘Dream of Flight’, he said that man wouldn’t have the sufficient knowledge to build a flying machine for many more years, so he projected himself and his inventions hundreds of years in the future.","Despite this, Leonardo Da Vinci was living in the Renaissance, the first great age of engineering. He used the techniques of engineering in many applications: for civil use, for war, for the King, or for the Duke… but he also applied engineering to his personal inventions and dreams. He was the only person at the time to think about flight and transportation because for him, the Dream of Flight is not something to get from a point to another but for imitating birds, and that which is found in nature. In comparison with the other engineers of his time, Leonardo was the only one to be an engineer, a scientist and also an artist.","When Leonardo left Italy, he was 64 years old, very old for the time, and his main competitors were two other artists aged just 20: Michaelangelo and Raphael. So he had huge competition from the next generation... He was not respectful with his commissions for deadlines and would often work with severe delays. Patrons often commissioned a painting but Leonardo wouldn’t finish it, or he would keep it for himself which led to a poor reputation. Leonardo came to France on invitation from the King, and we aren’t sure if he was working for anybody at the time in Italy. So he didn’t really have much choice: if we wanted to live in a great house with a great King – we should mention that Francis I had just won the Battle of Marignano – he had to move to France. Francis I was a very young King who loved the arts and science, and Leonardo knew that if he was working with Francis then he could work freely on his projects… Upon his arrival, Francis is said to have claimed: “here, Leonardo, you can be free to think, work and dream”.","During the Renaissance era, music was linked to the humanists and the Royal Court. It was a symbolic display of power through cultural creativity. Many composers were looking to polyphonic harmony and natural symmetry, so there was something of science bleeding into music, and that can be found in Leonardo’s musical works. He was himself a musician, mainly playing an Italian instrument called the Lyra da Braccio, a string instrument most often used to accompany poetry or for improvisation. According to Vasari, Leonardo was one of the greatest players in his time...","Who was Mona Lisa? She wasn’t important to Leonardo – she was a model. But her painting is one of the most important to him, because it was one of the only three paintings he took with him when he moved to France. He never wanted to leave it. Something that is often forgotten is that the painting was commissioned, but Leonardo kept it for himself and never returned back the painting to the patron who paid for it. You can see in the painting’s landscapes, the smile, the colours and pigmentations a testimony of Leonardo’s capacity for painting: “the only way to see behind what is visible, behind the soul, behind the emotion”... The last known drawing Leonardo did before his death is about time and water. At the end of his life he was fond of studying the movement of water and his attributed quote reflects this: “Water erodes the mountains and fills the valleys; if it could, it would reduce the world to a perfect sphere.”\u2028"]}},gallery:[{title:"Self Portrait Leonardo Da Vinci",description:"A sketched self-portrait from Leonardo Da Vinci, drawn at some point between 1512 and 1515 in his early sixties.",credits:"Royal Library, Turin (Biblioteca Reale, Torino)",imageUrl:"https://media2.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/c8fdae09-8ea4-4ab9-abcf-9b3c34b93d86_1540512000.jpeg"},{title:"Mona Lisa",description:"The iconic portrait of Mona Lisa. Likely the most famous work of art in existence, painted between the years of 1503 and 1506.",credits:"Musée du Louvre, Paris",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/9fe700bb-15ae-4d03-b51a-a119b4713639_1540771200.gif"},{title:"Crossbow",description:"Da Vinci’s proposed sketch for a giant crossbow, capable of firing rocks and bombs, measuring 27 yards across.",credits:"Codex Atlanticus",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/2381d625-b3f1-4e50-9533-1ae6048b595b_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"Waves",description:'Da Vinci described water as "vetturale di natura", or the vehicle of nature. In his notebooks he depicted many studies of water in motion, flowing across obstacles or eroding the landscape.',credits:"",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/0aad234a-1245-435b-9f50-c8c7a228b1d8_1540771200.gif"},{title:"Proportions of the Head",description:"An example of one of Da Vinci’s many anatomical studies, this examining the proportions of the human head in a standing nude.",credits:"Da Vinci, c. 1490",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/d75da85e-53bf-42ce-9df3-f15a57585355_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"The Last Supper",description:"A late 15th-century mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci. Another of Da Vinci’s most recognisable works, it was originally painted as part of a church renovation for Leonardo’s patron, Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan.",credits:"Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/1496cf4a-3a38-46b7-b17f-a8fc2dccdbc3_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"Anatomical Study",description:"This study depicts the cardiovascular system and principal organs of a woman in surprising detail. Dating from the early 16th century.",credits:"Da Vinci, c. 1509",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/8c25324a-d8c7-4667-8a37-d2061e875ebf_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"St John The Baptist",description:"Oil painting on walnut wood, believed to be Da Vinci’s last painting. It was first seen by Antonio de Beatis in Leonardo's workshop at Clos Lucé.",credits:"Louvre, Paris",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/a0dc65ee-4b6d-4355-9a7e-2bacd52d1cc3_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"Expressions of Fury in Horses, Lions and a Man",description:"A sketched comparison of three different species’ expressions of fury. As Leonardo grew old, the subject matter of his sketches became more and more pessimistic.",credits:"Royal Collection Trust",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/53e61e81-5167-427e-9668-f2955b39eda9_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"Bat in Flight",description:"Da Vinci’s proposed flight machines took cues from the natural world, with moving wings modelled after those found in bats.",credits:"Brown University",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/1a74a5bf-76af-4f14-8605-46dec6504cdd_1540771200.gif"},{title:"Clavi-viola and Related Mechanisms",description:"A proposed musical instrument from the depths of Da Vinci’s lengthy Codex Atlanticus.",credits:" Bibliotheca Ambrosiana, Milano",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/5264e89e-db5a-45c8-b67a-9c8a0b8a29bc_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"Taking Flight",description:"Although Leonardo never constructed any of his flying machines, his templates paved the way for future inventors, sparking inspiration centuries down the line.",credits:"Superquark Special, Leonardo. Ritratto di un genio. Documentary, Italy 2000",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/1f4b195a-b7d1-4b7d-aed7-c3ede498110f_1540771200.gif"},{title:"Otto Lilienthal",description:"Before the turn of the 20th century, German aviator Otto Lilienthal became one of the first men to fly with his primitive hang-glider, driven by swinging around his bodyweight.",credits:"Otto Lilienthal Museum, Anklam",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/cb111394-fd9f-41e5-916f-dc75a0d1c80b_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"Human-Powered Aircraft",description:"Early attempts at human-powered flight were unanimously unsuccessful thanks to the difficulty of achieving a high power-to-weight ratio.",credits:"Superquark Special, Leonardo. Ritratto di un genio. Documentary, Italy 2000",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/45c67ced-d7f8-4a6e-a4bb-46065706c97b_1540771200.gif"},{title:"Beneath the Mona Lisa",description:"Some have claimed that beneath Da Vinci’s most famous painting lies an alternate portrait. Whilst this is plausible, the data that led to such claims has yet to be corroborated by the wider academic community.",credits:"",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/34fdc97c-6897-4565-a8a8-087baaaa9aeb_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"The Ocean in Transit",description:'Da Vinci described water as "vetturale di natura", or the vehicle of nature. In his notebooks he depicted many studies of water in motion, flowing across obstacles or eroding the landscape.',credits:"Rob Casey",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/1b18a483-320e-40ec-af88-ccfd74ef1aea_1540771200.gif"},{title:"Town Plan of Imola",description:"This map, drawn by Da Vinci, is one of the earliest examples of an ichnographic map. Most other maps of this scale and period presented their subject in an oblique, or elevated viewpoint.",credits:"Da Vinci, c.1502",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/resize/1600x1600/4daae6f7-9ef1-462a-b526-88be1e7b05bf_1540771200.jpeg"},{title:"Man-Powered Aircraft in Takeoff",description:"The first official take-off and landing in an aircraft powered by its pilot was made in the 1961 by Derek Piggott of Southampton University’s Man Powered Aircraft. Its maiden voyage covered 650 metres.",credits:"Superquark Special, Leonardo. Ritratto di un genio. Documentary, Italy 2000",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/50dd94f5-0e4d-46e3-98fe-f6d1ffeed961_1540771200.gif"},{title:"Da Vinci’s Theory of Parachutes",description:'"If a man is provided with a length of gummed linen cloth, with a length of 12 yards on each side and 12 yards high, he can jump from any great height whatsoever without any injury."',credits:"Adrian Nicholas",imageUrl:"https://media.ntslive.co.uk/images/44f2da71-460c-49ce-8dc6-551b070c812e_1540771200.gif"},{title:"Study on the proportions of head and eyes",description:"A characteristically methodical breakdown of the proportions of the human face. 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