diff --git a/Cars.kif b/Cars.kif
index efac4def..b5d86cdd 100644
--- a/Cars.kif
+++ b/Cars.kif
@@ -3077,10 +3077,11 @@ and often used in the construction of &%ElectricalTransformers.")
 
 (=>
   (instance ?WC WireCoil)
-  (exists (?P)
+  (exists (?P ?C)
     (and
       (part ?P ?WC)
-      (attribute ?P ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure))))
+      (attribute ?P ?C)
+      (instance ?C ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure))))
 
 (subclass ElectricalTransformer Transformer)
 (termFormat EnglishLanguage ElectricalTransformer "electrical transformer")
@@ -3122,15 +3123,16 @@ as the ratio of the resulting voltages.")
 
 (=>
   (coilCount ?WC ?N)
-  (exists (?C)
+  (exists (?C ?C2F)
     (and
       (instance ?C Collection)
-      (memberCount ?C ?N)  
+      (memberCount ?C ?N)
       (forall (?M)
         (=>
           (member ?M ?C)
           (and
-            (attribute ?M ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure)         
+            (attribute ?M ?C2F)
+            (instance ?C2F ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure)
             (part ?M ?WC)
             (not
               (exists (?M2)
@@ -3138,7 +3140,7 @@ as the ratio of the resulting voltages.")
                   (overlapsSpatially ?M2 ?M)
                   (member ?M2 ?C))))))))))
 
-(subclass IgnitionCoil ElectricalTransformer)
+(subclass IgnitionCoil ElectricalTransformer) 
 (termFormat EnglishLanguage IgnitionCoil "ignition coil")
 (documentation IgnitionCoil EnglishLanguage "An &%ElectricalTransformer designed
 to take 12 &%Volt power from the &%Battery of an &%Automobile and convert it
diff --git a/Geography.kif b/Geography.kif
index 581c57f5..26183a9d 100644
--- a/Geography.kif
+++ b/Geography.kif
@@ -4395,9 +4395,9 @@ ample supply of loose sand. Dunes are generally defined as greater than 7 cm tal
 (termFormat EnglishLanguage Dune "dune")
 
 (=>
-  (instance ?D Dune)
-  (material ?D Sand))
-
+  (material Dune ?S)
+  (instance ?S Sand))
+ 
 (=>
   (and
     (instance ?D Dune)
diff --git a/Merge.kif b/Merge.kif
index 5e0f7292..c12396a6 100755
--- a/Merge.kif
+++ b/Merge.kif
@@ -11278,7 +11278,7 @@ liquid or frozen state.")
 (subclass Wind GasMotion)
 (documentation Wind EnglishLanguage "Any &%Motion of &%Air.")
 
-(instance Windy Attibute)
+(instance Windy Attribute)
 (documentation Windy EnglishLanguage "An &%Attribute indicating that at a given
 time and place the &%surfaceWindSpeed is greater than 20mph.")
 (termFormat EnglishLanguage Windy "windy")
diff --git a/Mid-level-ontology.kif b/Mid-level-ontology.kif
index 2a906904..e7bc8752 100755
--- a/Mid-level-ontology.kif
+++ b/Mid-level-ontology.kif
@@ -4900,16 +4900,18 @@ exclusively of straight lines, i.e. &%OneDimensionalFigures.")
        (KappaFn ?SIDE
          (sideOfFigure ?SIDE ?TRIANGLE))) 3))
 
-(subclass RightTriangle Triangle)
+(instance RightTriangle Triangle)
 (documentation RightTriangle EnglishLanguage "Any &%Triangle that contains a &%RightAngle.")
 
 (=>
-   (instance ?T RightTriangle)
-   (exists (?A)
-      (and
-         (instance ?A RightAngle)
-         (angleOfFigure ?A ?T))))
-
+  (and
+    (equal ?T RightTriangle)
+    (instance ?T Triangle))
+  (exists (?A)
+    (and
+      (instance ?A RightAngle)
+      (angleOfFigure ?A ?T))))
+        
 (subclass Quadrilateral Polygon)
 (documentation Quadrilateral EnglishLanguage "Any four-sided &%Polygon.")
 
@@ -4920,27 +4922,20 @@ exclusively of straight lines, i.e. &%OneDimensionalFigures.")
        (KappaFn ?SIDE
          (sideOfFigure ?SIDE ?QUAD))) 4))
 
-(subclass Rectangle Quadrilateral)
+(instance Rectangle Quadrilateral)
 (documentation Rectangle EnglishLanguage "Any &%Quadrilateral whose angles are all
 &%RightAngles.")
 
 (=>
-   (instance ?RECTANGLE Rectangle)
-   (exists (?ANGLE)
-     (and
-       (angleOfFigure ?ANGLE ?RECTANGLE)
-       (instance ?ANGLE RightAngle))))
+  (angleOfFigure ?ANGLE Rectangle)
+  (instance ?ANGLE RightAngle))
 
-(subclass Square Rectangle)
+(subAttribute Square Rectangle)
 (documentation Square EnglishLanguage "Any &%Rectangle whose sides are all equal.")
 
 (=>
-   (instance ?SQUARE Square)
-   (exists (?LENGTH)
-      (forall (?SIDE)
-         (=>
-            (sideOfFigure ?SIDE ?SQUARE)
-            (lineMeasure ?SIDE ?LENGTH)))))
+  (sideOfFigure ?SIDE Square)
+  (lineMeasure ?SIDE ?LENGTH))
 
 (documentation DiameterFn EnglishLanguage "(DiameterFn ?CIRCLE) denotes the length of the
 diameter of the &%Circle ?CIRCLE.")
@@ -4980,7 +4975,7 @@ of the &%Circle ?CIRCLE.")
     (RadiusFn ?C))
   (shape ?C Circle))
 
-(subclass CircleSector ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure)
+(instance CircleSector ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure)
 (documentation CircleSector EnglishLanguage "A slice of a &%Circle, i.e. any
 &%ClosedTwoDimensionalFigure which consists of two Radii and the arc of
 the &%Circle that they bound.")
diff --git a/MilitaryDevices.kif b/MilitaryDevices.kif
index d7834b54..89bf62ce 100644
--- a/MilitaryDevices.kif
+++ b/MilitaryDevices.kif
@@ -2093,7 +2093,7 @@ land and water")
 (termFormat EnglishLanguage Barricade "barricade")
 (termFormat EnglishLanguage AmphibiousVehicle "amphibious vehicle")
 
-(sublass Shrapnel Object)
+(subclass Shrapnel Object)
 (documentation Shrapnel EnglishLanguage "Parts of a &%Bomb that are designed to spread out
 from the explosion and cause damage to &%Humans and objects.")
 (termFormat EnglishLanguage Shrapnel "shrapnel")
diff --git a/development/Useful-terms_2023.kif b/development/Useful-terms_2023.kif
index 6965d7e1..edc2f3b9 100644
--- a/development/Useful-terms_2023.kif
+++ b/development/Useful-terms_2023.kif
@@ -610,10 +610,10 @@ measuring the distance travelled by a vehicle, such as a car.[Wikipedia]")
 
 ;; reset measuring device
 (instance ResetMeasuringDevice RelationalAttribute)
-(documentation resetMeasuringDevice EnglishLanguage "&%ResetMeasuringDevice  is
+(documentation ResetMeasuringDevice EnglishLanguage "&%ResetMeasuringDevice  is
 an attribute which signified that the &%measurementReading of a &%MeasuringDevice
 has been set to zero.")
-(termFormat EnglishLanguage resetMeasuringDevice "reset measuring device")
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage ResetMeasuringDevice "reset measuring device")
 
 (=>
   (and