diff --git a/.chloggen/prometheusremotewrite-optimize-createattributes.yaml b/.chloggen/prometheusremotewrite-optimize-createattributes.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e98e09b17fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.chloggen/prometheusremotewrite-optimize-createattributes.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: 'breaking'
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: prometheusremotewriteexporter
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: reduce allocations in createAttributes
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+issues: [35184]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# If your change doesn't affect end users or the exported elements of any package,
+# you should instead start your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: []
diff --git a/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter/exporter.go b/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter/exporter.go
index 74e1cff42b79..c11182169ebd 100644
--- a/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter/exporter.go
+++ b/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter/exporter.go
@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ func (p *prwTelemetryOtel) recordTranslatedTimeSeries(ctx context.Context, numTS
 	p.telemetryBuilder.ExporterPrometheusremotewriteTranslatedTimeSeries.Add(ctx, int64(numTS), metric.WithAttributes(p.otelAttrs...))
 }
 
+var converterPool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() any {
+		return prometheusremotewrite.NewPrometheusConverter()
+	},
+}
+
 type buffer struct {
 	protobuf *proto.Buffer
 	snappy   []byte
@@ -191,8 +197,10 @@ func (prwe *prwExporter) PushMetrics(ctx context.Context, md pmetric.Metrics) er
 	case <-prwe.closeChan:
 		return errors.New("shutdown has been called")
 	default:
+		converter := converterPool.Get().(*prometheusremotewrite.PrometheusConverter)
+		defer converterPool.Put(converter)
 
-		tsMap, err := prometheusremotewrite.FromMetrics(md, prwe.exporterSettings)
+		tsMap, err := converter.FromMetrics(md, prwe.exporterSettings)
 		if err != nil {
 			prwe.telemetry.recordTranslationFailure(ctx)
 			prwe.settings.Logger.Debug("failed to translate metrics, exporting remaining metrics", zap.Error(err), zap.Int("translated", len(tsMap)))
diff --git a/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter/exporter_concurrency_test.go b/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter/exporter_concurrency_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..31cae0afff75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter/exporter_concurrency_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//go:build !race
+// +build !race
+
+// note: this test doesn't pass currently due to a race condition in batchTimeSeries
+// WARNING: DATA RACE
+// Write at 0x00c0001e9550 by goroutine 34:
+//   github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter.batchTimeSeries()
+//       helper.go:92 +0xf8b
+//   github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter.(*prwExporter).handleExport()
+//       exporter.go:240 +0xe4
+//   github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter.(*prwExporter).PushMetrics()
+//       exporter.go:217 +0x70f
+//   github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/prometheusremotewriteexporter.Test_PushMetricsConcurrent.func3()
+//       exporter_test.go:905 +0x78
+
+package prometheusremotewriteexporter
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
+	"github.com/golang/snappy"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component/componenttest"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/config/confighttp"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/config/configretry"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/config/configtelemetry"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/exporter/exportertest"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
+
+	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/internal/coreinternal/testdata"
+)
+
+// Test everything works when there is more than one goroutine calling PushMetrics.
+// Today we only use 1 worker per exporter, but the intention of this test is to future-proof in case it changes.
+func Test_PushMetricsConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
+	n := 1000
+	ms := make([]pmetric.Metrics, n)
+	testIDKey := "test_id"
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		m := testdata.GenerateMetricsOneMetric()
+		dps := m.ResourceMetrics().At(0).ScopeMetrics().At(0).Metrics().At(0).Sum().DataPoints()
+		for j := 0; j < dps.Len(); j++ {
+			dp := dps.At(j)
+			dp.Attributes().PutInt(testIDKey, int64(i))
+		}
+		ms[i] = m
+	}
+	received := make(map[int]prompb.TimeSeries)
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		assert.NotNil(t, body)
+		// Receives the http requests and unzip, unmarshalls, and extracts TimeSeries
+		assert.Equal(t, "0.1.0", r.Header.Get("X-Prometheus-Remote-Write-Version"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "snappy", r.Header.Get("Content-Encoding"))
+		var unzipped []byte
+
+		dest, err := snappy.Decode(unzipped, body)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		wr := &prompb.WriteRequest{}
+		ok := proto.Unmarshal(dest, wr)
+		assert.NoError(t, ok)
+		assert.Len(t, wr.Timeseries, 2)
+		ts := wr.Timeseries[0]
+		foundLabel := false
+		for _, label := range ts.Labels {
+			if label.Name == testIDKey {
+				id, err := strconv.Atoi(label.Value)
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+				mu.Lock()
+				_, ok := received[id]
+				assert.False(t, ok) // fail if we already saw it
+				received[id] = ts
+				mu.Unlock()
+				foundLabel = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		assert.True(t, foundLabel)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Adjusted retry settings for faster testing
+	retrySettings := configretry.BackOffConfig{
+		Enabled:         true,
+		InitialInterval: 100 * time.Millisecond, // Shorter initial interval
+		MaxInterval:     1 * time.Second,        // Shorter max interval
+		MaxElapsedTime:  2 * time.Second,        // Shorter max elapsed time
+	}
+	clientConfig := confighttp.NewDefaultClientConfig()
+	clientConfig.Endpoint = server.URL
+	clientConfig.ReadBufferSize = 0
+	clientConfig.WriteBufferSize = 512 * 1024
+	cfg := &Config{
+		Namespace:         "",
+		ClientConfig:      clientConfig,
+		MaxBatchSizeBytes: 3000000,
+		RemoteWriteQueue:  RemoteWriteQueue{NumConsumers: 1},
+		TargetInfo: &TargetInfo{
+			Enabled: true,
+		},
+		CreatedMetric: &CreatedMetric{
+			Enabled: false,
+		},
+		BackOffConfig: retrySettings,
+	}
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, cfg)
+	set := exportertest.NewNopSettings()
+	set.MetricsLevel = configtelemetry.LevelBasic
+
+	prwe, nErr := newPRWExporter(cfg, set)
+
+	require.NoError(t, nErr)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	require.NoError(t, prwe.Start(ctx, componenttest.NewNopHost()))
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, prwe.Shutdown(ctx))
+	}()
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(n)
+	for _, m := range ms {
+		go func() {
+			err := prwe.PushMetrics(ctx, m)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	assert.Len(t, received, n)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go
index b8c870d62a7d..f3f333d6b641 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
@@ -104,47 +105,41 @@ var seps = []byte{'\xff'}
 // createAttributes creates a slice of Prometheus Labels with OTLP attributes and pairs of string values.
 // Unpaired string values are ignored. String pairs overwrite OTLP labels if collisions happen and
 // if logOnOverwrite is true, the overwrite is logged. Resulting label names are sanitized.
-func createAttributes(resource pcommon.Resource, attributes pcommon.Map, externalLabels map[string]string,
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) createAttributes(resource pcommon.Resource, attributes pcommon.Map, externalLabels map[string]string,
 	ignoreAttrs []string, logOnOverwrite bool, extras ...string,
 ) []prompb.Label {
 	resourceAttrs := resource.Attributes()
 	serviceName, haveServiceName := resourceAttrs.Get(conventions.AttributeServiceName)
 	instance, haveInstanceID := resourceAttrs.Get(conventions.AttributeServiceInstanceID)
 
-	// Calculate the maximum possible number of labels we could return so we can preallocate l
-	maxLabelCount := attributes.Len() + len(externalLabels) + len(extras)/2
-
-	if haveServiceName {
-		maxLabelCount++
-	}
-
-	if haveInstanceID {
-		maxLabelCount++
-	}
-
 	// map ensures no duplicate label name
-	l := make(map[string]string, maxLabelCount)
+	l := c.labelsMap
+	clear(l)
+
+	// store duplicate labels separately in a throwaway map
+	// assuming this is the less common case
+	collisions := make(map[string][]string)
 
-	// Ensure attributes are sorted by key for consistent merging of keys which
-	// collide when sanitized.
-	labels := make([]prompb.Label, 0, maxLabelCount)
 	// XXX: Should we always drop service namespace/service name/service instance ID from the labels
 	// (as they get mapped to other Prometheus labels)?
 	attributes.Range(func(key string, value pcommon.Value) bool {
 		if !slices.Contains(ignoreAttrs, key) {
-			labels = append(labels, prompb.Label{Name: key, Value: value.AsString()})
+			finalKey := prometheustranslator.NormalizeLabel(key)
+			if _, alreadyExists := l[finalKey]; alreadyExists {
+				collisions[finalKey] = append(collisions[finalKey], value.AsString())
+			} else {
+				l[finalKey] = value.AsString()
+			}
 		}
 		return true
 	})
-	sort.Stable(ByLabelName(labels))
 
-	for _, label := range labels {
-		finalKey := prometheustranslator.NormalizeLabel(label.Name)
-		if existingValue, alreadyExists := l[finalKey]; alreadyExists {
-			l[finalKey] = existingValue + ";" + label.Value
-		} else {
-			l[finalKey] = label.Value
-		}
+	for key, values := range collisions {
+		values = append(values, l[key])
+		// Ensure attributes are sorted by key for consistent merging of keys which
+		// collide when sanitized.
+		sort.Strings(values)
+		l[key] = strings.Join(values, ";")
 	}
 
 	// Map service.name + service.namespace to job
@@ -184,12 +179,12 @@ func createAttributes(resource pcommon.Resource, attributes pcommon.Map, externa
 		l[name] = extras[i+1]
 	}
 
-	labels = labels[:0]
+	startIndex := len(c.labels)
 	for k, v := range l {
-		labels = append(labels, prompb.Label{Name: k, Value: v})
+		c.labels = append(c.labels, prompb.Label{Name: k, Value: v})
 	}
 
-	return labels
+	return c.labels[startIndex:]
 }
 
 // isValidAggregationTemporality checks whether an OTel metric has a valid
@@ -209,13 +204,13 @@ func isValidAggregationTemporality(metric pmetric.Metric) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func (c *prometheusConverter) addHistogramDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.HistogramDataPointSlice,
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addHistogramDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.HistogramDataPointSlice,
 	resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, baseName string,
 ) {
 	for x := 0; x < dataPoints.Len(); x++ {
 		pt := dataPoints.At(x)
 		timestamp := convertTimeStamp(pt.Timestamp())
-		baseLabels := createAttributes(resource, pt.Attributes(), settings.ExternalLabels, nil, false)
+		baseLabels := c.createAttributes(resource, pt.Attributes(), settings.ExternalLabels, nil, false)
 
 		// If the sum is unset, it indicates the _sum metric point should be
 		// omitted
@@ -392,13 +387,13 @@ func maxTimestamp(a, b pcommon.Timestamp) pcommon.Timestamp {
 	return b
 }
 
-func (c *prometheusConverter) addSummaryDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.SummaryDataPointSlice, resource pcommon.Resource,
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addSummaryDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.SummaryDataPointSlice, resource pcommon.Resource,
 	settings Settings, baseName string,
 ) {
 	for x := 0; x < dataPoints.Len(); x++ {
 		pt := dataPoints.At(x)
 		timestamp := convertTimeStamp(pt.Timestamp())
-		baseLabels := createAttributes(resource, pt.Attributes(), settings.ExternalLabels, nil, false)
+		baseLabels := c.createAttributes(resource, pt.Attributes(), settings.ExternalLabels, nil, false)
 
 		// treat sum as a sample in an individual TimeSeries
 		sum := &prompb.Sample{
@@ -466,7 +461,7 @@ func createLabels(name string, baseLabels []prompb.Label, extras ...string) []pr
 
 // getOrCreateTimeSeries returns the time series corresponding to the label set if existent, and false.
 // Otherwise it creates a new one and returns that, and true.
-func (c *prometheusConverter) getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls []prompb.Label) (*prompb.TimeSeries, bool) {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls []prompb.Label) (*prompb.TimeSeries, bool) {
 	h := timeSeriesSignature(lbls)
 	ts := c.unique[h]
 	if ts != nil {
@@ -502,7 +497,7 @@ func (c *prometheusConverter) getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls []prompb.Label) (*promp
 // addTimeSeriesIfNeeded adds a corresponding time series if it doesn't already exist.
 // If the time series doesn't already exist, it gets added with startTimestamp for its value and timestamp for its timestamp,
 // both converted to milliseconds.
-func (c *prometheusConverter) addTimeSeriesIfNeeded(lbls []prompb.Label, startTimestamp pcommon.Timestamp, timestamp pcommon.Timestamp) {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addTimeSeriesIfNeeded(lbls []prompb.Label, startTimestamp pcommon.Timestamp, timestamp pcommon.Timestamp) {
 	ts, created := c.getOrCreateTimeSeries(lbls)
 	if created {
 		ts.Samples = []prompb.Sample{
@@ -516,7 +511,7 @@ func (c *prometheusConverter) addTimeSeriesIfNeeded(lbls []prompb.Label, startTi
 }
 
 // addResourceTargetInfo converts the resource to the target info metric.
-func addResourceTargetInfo(resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, timestamp pcommon.Timestamp, converter *prometheusConverter) {
+func addResourceTargetInfo(resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, timestamp pcommon.Timestamp, converter *PrometheusConverter) {
 	if settings.DisableTargetInfo || timestamp == 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -544,7 +539,7 @@ func addResourceTargetInfo(resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, timesta
 		name = settings.Namespace + "_" + name
 	}
 
-	labels := createAttributes(resource, attributes, settings.ExternalLabels, identifyingAttrs, false, model.MetricNameLabel, name)
+	labels := converter.createAttributes(resource, attributes, settings.ExternalLabels, identifyingAttrs, false, model.MetricNameLabel, name)
 	haveIdentifier := false
 	for _, l := range labels {
 		if l.Name == model.JobLabel || l.Name == model.InstanceLabel {
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
index 12c0dcd978be..69373a0f172d 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/helper_test.go
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_addSample(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	t.Run("empty_case", func(t *testing.T) {
-		converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+		converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 		converter.addSample(nil, nil)
 		assert.Empty(t, converter.unique)
 		assert.Empty(t, converter.conflicts)
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_addSample(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 			converter.addSample(&tt.testCase[0].sample, tt.testCase[0].labels)
 			converter.addSample(&tt.testCase[1].sample, tt.testCase[1].labels)
 			assert.Exactly(t, tt.want, converter.unique)
@@ -360,8 +360,9 @@ func Test_createLabelSet(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// run tests
 	for _, tt := range tests {
+		c := NewPrometheusConverter()
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.ElementsMatch(t, tt.want, createAttributes(tt.resource, tt.orig, tt.externalLabels, nil, true, tt.extras...))
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, tt.want, c.createAttributes(tt.resource, tt.orig, tt.externalLabels, nil, true, tt.extras...))
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -376,10 +377,15 @@ func BenchmarkCreateAttributes(b *testing.B) {
 	m.PutInt("test-int-key", 123)
 	m.PutBool("test-bool-key", true)
 
+	c := NewPrometheusConverter()
+	// preallocate slice to simulate a fully-grown buffer
+	c.labels = make([]prompb.Label, 0, b.N*m.Len())
+
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 	b.ResetTimer()
+
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		createAttributes(r, m, ext, nil, true)
+		c.createAttributes(r, m, ext, nil, true)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -440,7 +446,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_addExemplars(t *testing.T) {
 	// run tests
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			converter := &prometheusConverter{
+			converter := &PrometheusConverter{
 				unique: tt.orig,
 			}
 			converter.addExemplars(tt.dataPoint, tt.bucketBounds)
@@ -621,7 +627,7 @@ func TestAddResourceTargetInfo(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
-			converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 
 			addResourceTargetInfo(tc.resource, tc.settings, tc.timestamp, converter)
 
@@ -810,7 +816,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_AddSummaryDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
 			defer testutil.SetFeatureGateForTest(t, exportCreatedMetricGate, oldValue)
 
 			metric := tt.metric()
-			converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 
 			converter.addSummaryDataPoints(
 				metric.Summary().DataPoints(),
@@ -965,7 +971,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_AddHistogramDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
 			defer testutil.SetFeatureGateForTest(t, exportCreatedMetricGate, oldValue)
 
 			metric := tt.metric()
-			converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 
 			converter.addHistogramDataPoints(
 				metric.Histogram().DataPoints(),
@@ -983,7 +989,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_AddHistogramDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPrometheusConverter_getOrCreateTimeSeries(t *testing.T) {
-	converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+	converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 	lbls := []prompb.Label{
 		{
 			Name:  "key1",
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go
index 4ac4d58a96d4..e9c9de785489 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms.go
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ import (
 
 const defaultZeroThreshold = 1e-128
 
-func (c *prometheusConverter) addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointSlice,
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.ExponentialHistogramDataPointSlice,
 	resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, baseName string,
 ) error {
 	for x := 0; x < dataPoints.Len(); x++ {
 		pt := dataPoints.At(x)
-		lbls := createAttributes(
+		lbls := c.createAttributes(
 			resource,
 			pt.Attributes(),
 			settings.ExternalLabels,
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go
index d2b3cba24ae2..1433ec09c554 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/histograms_test.go
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			metric := tt.metric()
 
-			converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 			require.NoError(t, converter.addExponentialHistogramDataPoints(
 				metric.ExponentialHistogram().DataPoints(),
 				pcommon.NewResource(),
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go
index 65def1ccfa58..a8859370e225 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw.go
@@ -27,8 +27,11 @@ type Settings struct {
 }
 
 // FromMetrics converts pmetric.Metrics to Prometheus remote write format.
-func FromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings) (map[string]*prompb.TimeSeries, error) {
-	c := newPrometheusConverter()
+// Only call this function when the result of the previous call is no longer needed
+// (i.e. has been exported out of process). The return values of this function depend on
+// internal state which is reset on every call.
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) FromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings) (map[string]*prompb.TimeSeries, error) {
+	c.reset()
 	errs := c.fromMetrics(md, settings)
 	tss := c.timeSeries()
 	out := make(map[string]*prompb.TimeSeries, len(tss))
@@ -39,21 +42,35 @@ func FromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings) (map[string]*prompb.Time
 	return out, errs
 }
 
-// prometheusConverter converts from OTel write format to Prometheus write format.
-type prometheusConverter struct {
+// PrometheusConverter converts from OTel write format to Prometheus write format.
+// Internally it keeps a buffer of labels to avoid expensive allocations, so it is
+// best to keep it around for the lifetime of the Go process. Due to this shared
+// state, PrometheusConverter is NOT thread-safe and is only intended to be used by
+// a single go-routine at a time.
+type PrometheusConverter struct {
 	unique    map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries
 	conflicts map[uint64][]*prompb.TimeSeries
+	labels    []prompb.Label
+	labelsMap map[string]string
 }
 
-func newPrometheusConverter() *prometheusConverter {
-	return &prometheusConverter{
+func NewPrometheusConverter() *PrometheusConverter {
+	return &PrometheusConverter{
 		unique:    map[uint64]*prompb.TimeSeries{},
 		conflicts: map[uint64][]*prompb.TimeSeries{},
+		labelsMap: make(map[string]string),
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) reset() {
+	clear(c.labels)
+	c.labels = c.labels[:0]
+	clear(c.unique)
+	clear(c.conflicts)
+}
+
 // fromMetrics converts pmetric.Metrics to Prometheus remote write format.
-func (c *prometheusConverter) fromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings) (errs error) {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) fromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings) (errs error) {
 	resourceMetricsSlice := md.ResourceMetrics()
 	for i := 0; i < resourceMetricsSlice.Len(); i++ {
 		resourceMetrics := resourceMetricsSlice.At(i)
@@ -132,7 +149,7 @@ func (c *prometheusConverter) fromMetrics(md pmetric.Metrics, settings Settings)
 }
 
 // timeSeries returns a slice of the prompb.TimeSeries that were converted from OTel format.
-func (c *prometheusConverter) timeSeries() []prompb.TimeSeries {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) timeSeries() []prompb.TimeSeries {
 	conflicts := 0
 	for _, ts := range c.conflicts {
 		conflicts += len(ts)
@@ -164,7 +181,7 @@ func isSameMetric(ts *prompb.TimeSeries, lbls []prompb.Label) bool {
 
 // addExemplars adds exemplars for the dataPoint. For each exemplar, if it can find a bucket bound corresponding to its value,
 // the exemplar is added to the bucket bound's time series, provided that the time series' has samples.
-func (c *prometheusConverter) addExemplars(dataPoint pmetric.HistogramDataPoint, bucketBounds []bucketBoundsData) {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addExemplars(dataPoint pmetric.HistogramDataPoint, bucketBounds []bucketBoundsData) {
 	if len(bucketBounds) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -189,7 +206,7 @@ func (c *prometheusConverter) addExemplars(dataPoint pmetric.HistogramDataPoint,
 // If there is no corresponding TimeSeries already, it's created.
 // The corresponding TimeSeries is returned.
 // If either lbls is nil/empty or sample is nil, nothing is done.
-func (c *prometheusConverter) addSample(sample *prompb.Sample, lbls []prompb.Label) *prompb.TimeSeries {
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addSample(sample *prompb.Sample, lbls []prompb.Label) *prompb.TimeSeries {
 	if sample == nil || len(lbls) == 0 {
 		// This shouldn't happen
 		return nil
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
index e79bd24f49d4..420e6afa70f0 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ func BenchmarkFromMetrics(b *testing.B) {
 										b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("exemplars per series: %v", exemplarsPerSeries), func(b *testing.B) {
 											payload := createExportRequest(resourceAttributeCount, histogramCount, nonHistogramCount, labelsPerMetric, exemplarsPerSeries, pcommon.Timestamp(uint64(time.Now().UnixNano())))
 
+											c := NewPrometheusConverter()
 											for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-												tsMap, err := FromMetrics(payload.Metrics(), Settings{})
+												tsMap, err := c.FromMetrics(payload.Metrics(), Settings{})
 												require.NoError(b, err)
 												require.NotNil(b, tsMap)
 											}
@@ -73,10 +74,11 @@ func BenchmarkPrometheusConverter_FromMetrics(b *testing.B) {
 										b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("exemplars per series: %v", exemplarsPerSeries), func(b *testing.B) {
 											payload := createExportRequest(resourceAttributeCount, histogramCount, nonHistogramCount, labelsPerMetric, exemplarsPerSeries, pcommon.Timestamp(uint64(time.Now().UnixNano())))
 
+											c := NewPrometheusConverter()
 											for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-												converter := newPrometheusConverter()
-												require.NoError(b, converter.fromMetrics(payload.Metrics(), Settings{}))
-												require.NotNil(b, converter.timeSeries())
+												require.NoError(b, c.fromMetrics(payload.Metrics(), Settings{}))
+												require.NotNil(b, c.timeSeries())
+												c.reset()
 											}
 										})
 									}
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points.go
index 51d3b9c9017a..65ea17217702 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points.go
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pmetric"
 )
 
-func (c *prometheusConverter) addGaugeNumberDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.NumberDataPointSlice,
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addGaugeNumberDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.NumberDataPointSlice,
 	resource pcommon.Resource, settings Settings, name string,
 ) {
 	for x := 0; x < dataPoints.Len(); x++ {
 		pt := dataPoints.At(x)
-		labels := createAttributes(
+		labels := c.createAttributes(
 			resource,
 			pt.Attributes(),
 			settings.ExternalLabels,
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ func (c *prometheusConverter) addGaugeNumberDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.Number
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *prometheusConverter) addSumNumberDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.NumberDataPointSlice,
+func (c *PrometheusConverter) addSumNumberDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.NumberDataPointSlice,
 	resource pcommon.Resource, metric pmetric.Metric, settings Settings, name string,
 ) {
 	for x := 0; x < dataPoints.Len(); x++ {
 		pt := dataPoints.At(x)
-		lbls := createAttributes(
+		lbls := c.createAttributes(
 			resource,
 			pt.Attributes(),
 			settings.ExternalLabels,
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
index 473fec8bd6e6..9d2c14c01ab7 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_addGaugeNumberDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			metric := tt.metric()
-			converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 
 			converter.addGaugeNumberDataPoints(
 				metric.Gauge().DataPoints(),
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_addSumNumberDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			metric := tt.metric()
-			converter := newPrometheusConverter()
+			converter := NewPrometheusConverter()
 
 			converter.addSumNumberDataPoints(
 				metric.Sum().DataPoints(),
diff --git a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_v2.go b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_v2.go
index 3509f7a95b97..566e70e33d48 100644
--- a/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_v2.go
+++ b/pkg/translator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_v2.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func (c *prometheusConverterV2) addGaugeNumberDataPoints(dataPoints pmetric.Numb
 	for x := 0; x < dataPoints.Len(); x++ {
 		pt := dataPoints.At(x)
 
-		labels := createAttributes(
+		labels := NewPrometheusConverter().createAttributes(
 			resource,
 			pt.Attributes(),
 			settings.ExternalLabels,