diff --git a/api/CHANGELOG.md b/api/CHANGELOG.md
index 758829935e1..261a3b6b063 100644
--- a/api/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/api/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 ### :boom: Breaking Change
 
+* feat(api): revamped `TextMapPropagator` TypeScript interface [#5368](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/5368) @chancancode
+  * Removed generic parameter from the `TextMapPropagator` interface
+  * Introduced a new `Carrier` generic parameter on its `inject` and `extract` methods
+  * The previous interface implies the implementor of `TextMapPropagator` can specify what carrier type it accepts, this has never been the case in practice; instead, they must treat the carrier as opaque and use the provided getter/setter.
+
 ### :rocket: (Enhancement)
 
 ### :bug: (Bug Fix)
diff --git a/api/src/api/propagation.ts b/api/src/api/propagation.ts
index 42026d0bc20..05ddc854a99 100644
--- a/api/src/api/propagation.ts
+++ b/api/src/api/propagation.ts
@@ -76,10 +76,23 @@ export class PropagationAPI {
    * @param carrier carrier to inject context into
    * @param setter Function used to set values on the carrier
    */
+  public inject<Carrier extends object | null | undefined>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter?: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void;
+  public inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void;
   public inject<Carrier>(
     context: Context,
     carrier: Carrier,
-    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier> = defaultTextMapSetter
+    // Note: this is only safe as long as the TypeScript overloads are enforced.
+    // If an incompatible `Carrier` is paired with `defaultTextMapSetter`, it
+    // will error at runtime when the operation is performed.
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier> = defaultTextMapSetter as TextMapSetter<Carrier>
   ): void {
     return this._getGlobalPropagator().inject(context, carrier, setter);
   }
@@ -91,10 +104,23 @@ export class PropagationAPI {
    * @param carrier Carrier to extract context from
    * @param getter Function used to extract keys from a carrier
    */
+  public extract<Carrier extends object | null | undefined>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter?: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context;
+  public extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context;
   public extract<Carrier>(
     context: Context,
     carrier: Carrier,
-    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier> = defaultTextMapGetter
+    // Note: this is only safe as long as the TypeScript overloads are enforced.
+    // If an incompatible `Carrier` is paired with `defaultTextMapSetter`, it
+    // will error at runtime when the operation is performed.
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier> = defaultTextMapGetter as TextMapGetter<Carrier>
   ): Context {
     return this._getGlobalPropagator().extract(context, carrier, getter);
   }
diff --git a/api/src/propagation/NoopTextMapPropagator.ts b/api/src/propagation/NoopTextMapPropagator.ts
index 16d90cf9700..56adc7d3eb9 100644
--- a/api/src/propagation/NoopTextMapPropagator.ts
+++ b/api/src/propagation/NoopTextMapPropagator.ts
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import { TextMapPropagator } from './TextMapPropagator';
  */
 export class NoopTextMapPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
   /** Noop inject function does nothing */
-  inject(_context: Context, _carrier: unknown): void {}
+  inject(): void {}
   /** Noop extract function does nothing and returns the input context */
-  extract(context: Context, _carrier: unknown): Context {
+  extract(context: Context): Context {
     return context;
   }
   fields(): string[] {
diff --git a/api/src/propagation/TextMapPropagator.ts b/api/src/propagation/TextMapPropagator.ts
index 0abc79f0da7..fa7438f6faf 100644
--- a/api/src/propagation/TextMapPropagator.ts
+++ b/api/src/propagation/TextMapPropagator.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import { Context } from '../context/types';
  *
  * @since 1.0.0
  */
-export interface TextMapPropagator<Carrier = any> {
+export interface TextMapPropagator {
   /**
    * Injects values from a given `Context` into a carrier.
    *
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export interface TextMapPropagator<Carrier = any> {
    * @param setter an optional {@link TextMapSetter}. If undefined, values will be
    *     set by direct object assignment.
    */
-  inject(
+  inject<Carrier>(
     context: Context,
     carrier: Carrier,
     setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export interface TextMapPropagator<Carrier = any> {
    * @param getter an optional {@link TextMapGetter}. If undefined, keys will be all
    *     own properties, and keys will be accessed by direct object access.
    */
-  extract(
+  extract<Carrier>(
     context: Context,
     carrier: Carrier,
     getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export interface TextMapPropagator<Carrier = any> {
  *
  * @since 1.0.0
  */
-export interface TextMapSetter<Carrier = any> {
+export interface TextMapSetter<Carrier> {
   /**
    * Callback used to set a key/value pair on an object.
    *
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ export interface TextMapSetter<Carrier = any> {
  *
  * @since 1.0.0
  */
-export interface TextMapGetter<Carrier = any> {
+export interface TextMapGetter<Carrier> {
   /**
    * Get a list of all keys available on the carrier.
    *
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ export interface TextMapGetter<Carrier = any> {
 /**
  * @since 1.0.0
  */
-export const defaultTextMapGetter: TextMapGetter = {
+export const defaultTextMapGetter: TextMapGetter<object | null | undefined> = {
   get(carrier, key) {
     if (carrier == null) {
       return undefined;
     }
-    return carrier[key];
+    return (carrier as Record<string, string>)[key];
   },
 
   keys(carrier) {
@@ -138,12 +138,12 @@ export const defaultTextMapGetter: TextMapGetter = {
 /**
  * @since 1.0.0
  */
-export const defaultTextMapSetter: TextMapSetter = {
+export const defaultTextMapSetter: TextMapSetter<object | null | undefined> = {
   set(carrier, key, value) {
     if (carrier == null) {
       return;
     }
 
-    carrier[key] = value;
+    (carrier as Record<string, string>)[key] = value;
   },
 };
diff --git a/api/test/common/api/api.test.ts b/api/test/common/api/api.test.ts
index 23ffcf57325..41369fb487d 100644
--- a/api/test/common/api/api.test.ts
+++ b/api/test/common/api/api.test.ts
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ import * as assert from 'assert';
 import api, {
   context,
   Context,
-  defaultTextMapGetter,
-  defaultTextMapSetter,
   diag,
   metrics,
   propagation,
@@ -137,31 +135,23 @@ describe('API', () => {
     describe('should use the global propagation', () => {
       const testKey = Symbol('kTestKey');
 
-      interface Carrier {
-        context?: Context;
-        setter?: TextMapSetter;
-      }
+      type Carrier = Record<string, string | undefined>;
 
-      class TestTextMapPropagation implements TextMapPropagator<Carrier> {
-        inject(
+      class TestTextMapPropagation implements TextMapPropagator {
+        inject<C>(
           context: Context,
-          carrier: Carrier,
-          setter: TextMapSetter
+          carrier: C,
+          setter: TextMapSetter<C>
         ): void {
-          carrier.context = context;
-          carrier.setter = setter;
+          setter.set(carrier, 'TestField', String(context.getValue(testKey)));
         }
 
-        extract(
+        extract<C>(
           context: Context,
-          carrier: Carrier,
-          getter: TextMapGetter
+          carrier: C,
+          getter: TextMapGetter<C>
         ): Context {
-          return context.setValue(testKey, {
-            context,
-            carrier,
-            getter,
-          });
+          return context.setValue(testKey, getter.get(carrier, 'TestField'));
         }
 
         fields(): string[] {
@@ -172,41 +162,40 @@ describe('API', () => {
       it('inject', () => {
         api.propagation.setGlobalPropagator(new TestTextMapPropagation());
 
-        const context = ROOT_CONTEXT.setValue(testKey, 15);
+        const context = ROOT_CONTEXT.setValue(testKey, 'test-value');
         const carrier: Carrier = {};
         api.propagation.inject(context, carrier);
-        assert.strictEqual(carrier.context, context);
-        assert.strictEqual(carrier.setter, defaultTextMapSetter);
+        assert.strictEqual(carrier['TestField'], 'test-value');
 
-        const setter: TextMapSetter = {
-          set: () => {},
+        const setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier> = {
+          set: (carrier, key, value) => {
+            carrier[key.toLowerCase()] = value.toUpperCase();
+          },
         };
         api.propagation.inject(context, carrier, setter);
-        assert.strictEqual(carrier.context, context);
-        assert.strictEqual(carrier.setter, setter);
+        assert.strictEqual(carrier['testfield'], 'TEST-VALUE');
       });
 
       it('extract', () => {
         api.propagation.setGlobalPropagator(new TestTextMapPropagation());
 
-        const carrier: Carrier = {};
-        let context = api.propagation.extract(ROOT_CONTEXT, carrier);
-        let data: any = context.getValue(testKey);
-        assert.ok(data != null);
-        assert.strictEqual(data.context, ROOT_CONTEXT);
-        assert.strictEqual(data.carrier, carrier);
-        assert.strictEqual(data.getter, defaultTextMapGetter);
-
-        const getter: TextMapGetter = {
-          keys: () => [],
-          get: () => undefined,
+        let context = api.propagation.extract(ROOT_CONTEXT, {
+          TestField: 'test-value',
+        });
+        let data = context.getValue(testKey);
+        assert.strictEqual(data, 'test-value');
+
+        const getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier> = {
+          keys: carrier => Object.keys(carrier),
+          get: (carrier, key) => carrier[key.toLowerCase()],
         };
-        context = api.propagation.extract(ROOT_CONTEXT, carrier, getter);
+        context = api.propagation.extract(
+          ROOT_CONTEXT,
+          { testfield: 'TEST-VALUE' },
+          getter
+        );
         data = context.getValue(testKey);
-        assert.ok(data != null);
-        assert.strictEqual(data.context, ROOT_CONTEXT);
-        assert.strictEqual(data.carrier, carrier);
-        assert.strictEqual(data.getter, getter);
+        assert.strictEqual(data, 'TEST-VALUE');
       });
 
       it('fields', () => {
diff --git a/doc/propagation.md b/doc/propagation.md
index c3d246c0fcf..bebe09ca4ad 100644
--- a/doc/propagation.md
+++ b/doc/propagation.md
@@ -34,7 +34,11 @@ const MyHeader = 'my-header';
 
 export class MyPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
   // Inject the header to the outgoing request.
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: unknown, setter: TextMapSetter): void {
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     const spanContext = trace.getSpanContext(context);
     // Skip if the current span context is not valid or suppressed.
     if (
@@ -51,7 +55,11 @@ export class MyPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
   }
 
   // Extract the header from the incoming request.
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): Context {
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
     const headers = getter.get(carrier, MyHeader);
     const header = Array.isArray(headers) ? headers[0] : headers;
     if (typeof header !== 'string') return context;
diff --git a/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-http/test/utils/DummyPropagation.ts b/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-http/test/utils/DummyPropagation.ts
index d5206813fa5..35292cd9db0 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-http/test/utils/DummyPropagation.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/opentelemetry-instrumentation-http/test/utils/DummyPropagation.ts
@@ -15,33 +15,63 @@
  */
 import {
   Context,
+  TextMapGetter,
   TextMapPropagator,
+  TextMapSetter,
   trace,
   TraceFlags,
 } from '@opentelemetry/api';
-import type * as http from 'http';
 
 export class DummyPropagation implements TextMapPropagator {
   static TRACE_CONTEXT_KEY = 'x-dummy-trace-id';
   static SPAN_CONTEXT_KEY = 'x-dummy-span-id';
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: http.OutgoingHttpHeaders) {
-    const extractedSpanContext = {
-      traceId: carrier[DummyPropagation.TRACE_CONTEXT_KEY] as string,
-      spanId: carrier[DummyPropagation.SPAN_CONTEXT_KEY] as string,
-      traceFlags: TraceFlags.SAMPLED,
-      isRemote: true,
-    };
-    if (extractedSpanContext.traceId && extractedSpanContext.spanId) {
+
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ) {
+    const traceId = getter.get(carrier, DummyPropagation.TRACE_CONTEXT_KEY);
+    const spanId = getter.get(carrier, DummyPropagation.SPAN_CONTEXT_KEY);
+
+    if (traceId && spanId) {
+      if (typeof traceId !== 'string') {
+        throw new Error('expecting traceId to be a string');
+      }
+
+      if (typeof spanId !== 'string') {
+        throw new Error('expecting spanId to be a string');
+      }
+
+      const extractedSpanContext = {
+        traceId,
+        spanId,
+        traceFlags: TraceFlags.SAMPLED,
+        isRemote: true,
+      };
+
       return trace.setSpanContext(context, extractedSpanContext);
     }
+
     return context;
   }
-  inject(context: Context, headers: { [custom: string]: string }): void {
+
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     const spanContext = trace.getSpanContext(context);
     if (!spanContext) return;
-    headers[DummyPropagation.TRACE_CONTEXT_KEY] = spanContext.traceId;
-    headers[DummyPropagation.SPAN_CONTEXT_KEY] = spanContext.spanId;
+
+    setter.set(
+      carrier,
+      DummyPropagation.TRACE_CONTEXT_KEY,
+      spanContext.traceId
+    );
+    setter.set(carrier, DummyPropagation.SPAN_CONTEXT_KEY, spanContext.spanId);
   }
+
   fields(): string[] {
     return [
       DummyPropagation.TRACE_CONTEXT_KEY,
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagator.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagator.ts
index 8a20dedcaaf..83ccdfbf7b8 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagator.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagator.ts
@@ -39,7 +39,11 @@ import { getKeyPairs, parsePairKeyValue, serializeKeyPairs } from '../utils';
  * https://w3c.github.io/baggage/
  */
 export class W3CBaggagePropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: unknown, setter: TextMapSetter): void {
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     const baggage = propagation.getBaggage(context);
     if (!baggage || isTracingSuppressed(context)) return;
     const keyPairs = getKeyPairs(baggage)
@@ -53,7 +57,11 @@ export class W3CBaggagePropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
     }
   }
 
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): Context {
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
     const headerValue = getter.get(carrier, BAGGAGE_HEADER);
     const baggageString = Array.isArray(headerValue)
       ? headerValue.join(BAGGAGE_ITEMS_SEPARATOR)
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/propagation/composite.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/propagation/composite.ts
index 0654dfa031a..a27585d3978 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/propagation/composite.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/propagation/composite.ts
@@ -64,7 +64,11 @@ export class CompositePropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
    * @param context Context to inject
    * @param carrier Carrier into which context will be injected
    */
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: unknown, setter: TextMapSetter): void {
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     for (const propagator of this._propagators) {
       try {
         propagator.inject(context, carrier, setter);
@@ -85,7 +89,11 @@ export class CompositePropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
    * @param context Context to add values to
    * @param carrier Carrier from which to extract context
    */
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): Context {
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
     return this._propagators.reduce((ctx, propagator) => {
       try {
         return propagator.extract(ctx, carrier, getter);
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/trace/W3CTraceContextPropagator.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/trace/W3CTraceContextPropagator.ts
index 7925e74814a..d8866e0b734 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/trace/W3CTraceContextPropagator.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-core/src/trace/W3CTraceContextPropagator.ts
@@ -72,7 +72,11 @@ export function parseTraceParent(traceParent: string): SpanContext | null {
  * https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/
  */
 export class W3CTraceContextPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: unknown, setter: TextMapSetter): void {
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     const spanContext = trace.getSpanContext(context);
     if (
       !spanContext ||
@@ -95,7 +99,11 @@ export class W3CTraceContextPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
     }
   }
 
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): Context {
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
     const traceParentHeader = getter.get(carrier, TRACE_PARENT_HEADER);
     if (!traceParentHeader) return context;
     const traceParent = Array.isArray(traceParentHeader)
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-core/test/propagation/composite.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-core/test/propagation/composite.test.ts
index 7dfa8f7a328..717d3779c5c 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-core/test/propagation/composite.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-core/test/propagation/composite.test.ts
@@ -33,23 +33,52 @@ import {
 import { TraceState } from '../../src/trace/TraceState';
 
 class DummyPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: any, setter: TextMapSetter<any>): void {
-    carrier['dummy'] = trace.getSpanContext(context);
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
+    const spanContext = trace.getSpanContext(context);
+
+    if (spanContext) {
+      const { traceId, spanId, traceFlags } = spanContext;
+      setter.set(carrier, 'dummy-trace-id', traceId);
+      setter.set(carrier, 'dummy-span-id', spanId);
+      setter.set(carrier, 'dummy-trace-flags', String(traceFlags));
+    }
   }
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: any, getter: TextMapGetter<any>): Context {
-    if (carrier['dummy']) {
-      return trace.setSpanContext(context, carrier['dummy']);
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
+    const traceId = getter.get(carrier, 'dummy-trace-id');
+    const spanId = getter.get(carrier, 'dummy-span-id');
+    const traceFlags = getter.get(carrier, 'dummy-trace-flags');
+
+    if (
+      typeof traceId === 'string' &&
+      typeof spanId === 'string' &&
+      typeof traceFlags === 'string'
+    ) {
+      return trace.setSpanContext(context, {
+        traceId,
+        spanId,
+        traceFlags: parseInt(traceFlags),
+      });
     }
+
     return context;
   }
   fields(): string[] {
-    return ['dummy'];
+    return ['dummy-trace-id', 'dummy-span-id', 'dummy-trace-flags'];
   }
 }
 
 describe('Composite Propagator', () => {
   const traceId = 'd4cda95b652f4a1592b449d5929fda1b';
   const spanId = '6e0c63257de34c92';
+  const traceFlags = 1;
 
   describe('inject', () => {
     let carrier: { [key: string]: unknown };
@@ -61,7 +90,7 @@ describe('Composite Propagator', () => {
       spanContext = {
         spanId,
         traceId,
-        traceFlags: 1,
+        traceFlags,
         traceState: new TraceState('foo=bar'),
       };
       ctxWithSpanContext = trace.setSpanContext(ROOT_CONTEXT, spanContext);
@@ -73,7 +102,9 @@ describe('Composite Propagator', () => {
       });
       composite.inject(ctxWithSpanContext, carrier, defaultTextMapSetter);
 
-      assert.strictEqual(carrier['dummy'], spanContext);
+      assert.strictEqual(carrier['dummy-trace-id'], traceId);
+      assert.strictEqual(carrier['dummy-span-id'], spanId);
+      assert.strictEqual(carrier['dummy-trace-flags'], String(traceFlags));
       assert.strictEqual(
         carrier[TRACE_PARENT_HEADER],
         `00-${traceId}-${spanId}-01`
@@ -102,7 +133,9 @@ describe('Composite Propagator', () => {
 
     beforeEach(() => {
       carrier = {
-        ['dummy']: { traceId, spanId },
+        ['dummy-trace-id']: traceId,
+        ['dummy-span-id']: spanId,
+        ['dummy-trace-flags']: String(traceFlags),
         [TRACE_PARENT_HEADER]: `00-${traceId}-${spanId}-01`,
         [TRACE_STATE_HEADER]: 'foo=bar',
       };
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3MultiPropagator.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3MultiPropagator.ts
index 63189e1578c..fb508b8b1e5 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3MultiPropagator.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3MultiPropagator.ts
@@ -46,12 +46,19 @@ function parseHeader(header: unknown) {
   return Array.isArray(header) ? header[0] : header;
 }
 
-function getHeaderValue(carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter, key: string) {
+function getHeaderValue<Carrier>(
+  carrier: Carrier,
+  getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>,
+  key: string
+) {
   const header = getter.get(carrier, key);
   return parseHeader(header);
 }
 
-function getTraceId(carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): string {
+function getTraceId<Carrier>(
+  carrier: Carrier,
+  getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+): string {
   const traceId = getHeaderValue(carrier, getter, X_B3_TRACE_ID);
   if (typeof traceId === 'string') {
     return traceId.padStart(32, '0');
@@ -59,7 +66,10 @@ function getTraceId(carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): string {
   return '';
 }
 
-function getSpanId(carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): string {
+function getSpanId<Carrier>(
+  carrier: Carrier,
+  getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+): string {
   const spanId = getHeaderValue(carrier, getter, X_B3_SPAN_ID);
   if (typeof spanId === 'string') {
     return spanId;
@@ -67,14 +77,17 @@ function getSpanId(carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): string {
   return '';
 }
 
-function getDebug(carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): string | undefined {
+function getDebug<Carrier>(
+  carrier: Carrier,
+  getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+): string | undefined {
   const debug = getHeaderValue(carrier, getter, X_B3_FLAGS);
   return debug === '1' ? '1' : undefined;
 }
 
-function getTraceFlags(
+function getTraceFlags<Carrier>(
   carrier: unknown,
-  getter: TextMapGetter
+  getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
 ): TraceFlags | undefined {
   const traceFlags = getHeaderValue(carrier, getter, X_B3_SAMPLED);
   const debug = getDebug(carrier, getter);
@@ -93,7 +106,11 @@ function getTraceFlags(
  * Based on: https://github.com/openzipkin/b3-propagation
  */
 export class B3MultiPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: unknown, setter: TextMapSetter): void {
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     const spanContext = trace.getSpanContext(context);
     if (
       !spanContext ||
@@ -122,7 +139,11 @@ export class B3MultiPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
     }
   }
 
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): Context {
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
     const traceId = getTraceId(carrier, getter);
     const spanId = getSpanId(carrier, getter);
     const traceFlags = getTraceFlags(carrier, getter) as TraceFlags;
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3Propagator.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3Propagator.ts
index 0997fcdb18d..18b8f8da712 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3Propagator.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3Propagator.ts
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ export class B3Propagator implements TextMapPropagator {
     new B3MultiPropagator();
   private readonly _b3SinglePropagator: B3SinglePropagator =
     new B3SinglePropagator();
-  private readonly _inject: (
+  private readonly _inject: <Carrier>(
     context: Context,
-    carrier: unknown,
-    setter: TextMapSetter
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
   ) => void;
   public readonly _fields: string[];
 
@@ -55,14 +55,22 @@ export class B3Propagator implements TextMapPropagator {
     }
   }
 
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: unknown, setter: TextMapSetter): void {
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     if (isTracingSuppressed(context)) {
       return;
     }
     this._inject(context, carrier, setter);
   }
 
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): Context {
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
     const header = getter.get(carrier, B3_CONTEXT_HEADER);
     const b3Context = Array.isArray(header) ? header[0] : header;
 
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3SinglePropagator.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3SinglePropagator.ts
index 83d21ec6ddb..bbebf2edd65 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3SinglePropagator.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/B3SinglePropagator.ts
@@ -51,7 +51,11 @@ function convertToTraceFlags(samplingState: string | undefined): TraceFlags {
  * Based on: https://github.com/openzipkin/b3-propagation
  */
 export class B3SinglePropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: unknown, setter: TextMapSetter): void {
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     const spanContext = trace.getSpanContext(context);
     if (
       !spanContext ||
@@ -66,7 +70,11 @@ export class B3SinglePropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
     setter.set(carrier, B3_CONTEXT_HEADER, value);
   }
 
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): Context {
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
     const header = getter.get(carrier, B3_CONTEXT_HEADER);
     const b3Context = Array.isArray(header) ? header[0] : header;
     if (typeof b3Context !== 'string') return context;
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/test/B3Propagator.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/test/B3Propagator.test.ts
index 20ebcf3cdd9..e09910f4079 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/test/B3Propagator.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/test/B3Propagator.test.ts
@@ -153,16 +153,20 @@ describe('B3Propagator', () => {
     });
 
     it('extracts multi header b3 using array getter', () => {
-      const context = propagator.extract(ROOT_CONTEXT, b3MultiCarrier, {
-        get(carrier, key) {
-          if (carrier == null || carrier[key] === undefined) {
-            return [];
-          }
-          return [carrier[key]];
-        },
-
-        keys: defaultTextMapGetter.keys,
-      });
+      const context = propagator.extract<Record<string, string>>(
+        ROOT_CONTEXT,
+        b3MultiCarrier,
+        {
+          get(carrier, key) {
+            if (carrier == null || carrier[key] === undefined) {
+              return [];
+            }
+            return [carrier[key]];
+          },
+
+          keys: defaultTextMapGetter.keys,
+        }
+      );
 
       const extractedSpanContext = trace.getSpanContext(context);
       assert.deepStrictEqual(extractedSpanContext, {
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/JaegerPropagator.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/JaegerPropagator.ts
index 7b11d7290b5..74887920d59 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/JaegerPropagator.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/JaegerPropagator.ts
@@ -63,7 +63,11 @@ export class JaegerPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
     }
   }
 
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: unknown, setter: TextMapSetter): void {
+  inject<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    setter: TextMapSetter<Carrier>
+  ): void {
     const spanContext = trace.getSpanContext(context);
     const baggage = propagation.getBaggage(context);
     if (spanContext && isTracingSuppressed(context) === false) {
@@ -89,7 +93,11 @@ export class JaegerPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
     }
   }
 
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: unknown, getter: TextMapGetter): Context {
+  extract<Carrier>(
+    context: Context,
+    carrier: Carrier,
+    getter: TextMapGetter<Carrier>
+  ): Context {
     const uberTraceIdHeader = getter.get(carrier, this._jaegerTraceHeader);
     const uberTraceId = Array.isArray(uberTraceIdHeader)
       ? uberTraceIdHeader[0]
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/test/JaegerPropagator.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/test/JaegerPropagator.test.ts
index c7a6b155fff..9f18493f9ba 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/test/JaegerPropagator.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/test/JaegerPropagator.test.ts
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ describe('JaegerPropagator', () => {
 });
 
 function makeGetter(value: any) {
-  const getter: TextMapGetter = {
+  const getter: TextMapGetter<unknown> = {
     get(carrier, key) {
       return value;
     },
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts
index b6762b3c3cc..815e4c34df9 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ import {
   TraceFlags,
   ROOT_CONTEXT,
   TextMapPropagator,
-  TextMapSetter,
   Context,
-  TextMapGetter,
   propagation,
   diag,
 } from '@opentelemetry/api';
@@ -45,10 +43,10 @@ import { SpanImpl } from '../../src/Span';
 import { MultiSpanProcessor } from '../../src/MultiSpanProcessor';
 
 class DummyPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
-  inject(context: Context, carrier: any, setter: TextMapSetter<any>): void {
+  inject(): void {
     throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
   }
-  extract(context: Context, carrier: any, getter: TextMapGetter<any>): Context {
+  extract(): Context {
     throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
   }
   fields(): string[] {
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-node/test/NodeTracerProvider.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-node/test/NodeTracerProvider.test.ts
index e076ad0c71d..3dd78962a21 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-node/test/NodeTracerProvider.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-node/test/NodeTracerProvider.test.ts
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ import {
   ContextManager,
   propagation,
   ROOT_CONTEXT,
-  TextMapGetter,
   TextMapPropagator,
-  TextMapSetter,
   trace,
   TraceFlags,
 } from '@opentelemetry/api';
@@ -247,14 +245,10 @@ describe('NodeTracerProvider', () => {
 
   describe('Custom TracerProvider through inheritance', () => {
     class DummyPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
-      inject(context: Context, carrier: any, setter: TextMapSetter<any>): void {
+      inject(): void {
         throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
       }
-      extract(
-        context: Context,
-        carrier: any,
-        getter: TextMapGetter<any>
-      ): Context {
+      extract(): Context {
         throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
       }
       fields(): string[] {