diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index aae7e71..e450e50 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ Encoding: UTF-8
 Language: en-US
 LazyData: true
 Roxygen: list(markdown = TRUE)
-RoxygenNote: 7.3.1
+RoxygenNote: 7.3.2
diff --git a/NAMESPACE b/NAMESPACE
index 5db533a..c48614f 100644
--- a/NAMESPACE
+++ b/NAMESPACE
@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ S3method(treatment_effect,lm)
 S3method(treatment_effect,prediction_cf)
 S3method(vcovHC,prediction_cf)
 export(bias)
+export(h_diff)
+export(h_jac_diff)
+export(h_jac_odds_ratio)
+export(h_jac_ratio)
+export(h_odds_ratio)
+export(h_ratio)
 export(predict_counterfactual)
 export(treatment_effect)
 export(vcovANHECOVA)
diff --git a/R/treatment_effect.R b/R/treatment_effect.R
index 46c1242..06060f3 100644
--- a/R/treatment_effect.R
+++ b/R/treatment_effect.R
@@ -91,48 +91,77 @@ odds_ratio <- function(object, ...) {
   treatment_effect(object, eff_measure = h_odds_ratio, eff_jacobian = h_jac_odds_ratio, ...)
 }
 
+#' Contrast Functions and Jacobians
+#' @rdname contrast
+#' @param x (`numeric`) Vector of values.
+#' @return Vector of contrasts, or matrix of jacobians.
+#' @examples
+#' h_diff(1:3)
+#' h_jac_ratio(1:3)
+#' @export
 h_diff <- function(x) {
   assert_numeric(x)
   d <- outer(x, x, `-`)
   d[lower.tri(d)]
 }
+
+#' @rdname contrast
+#' @export
 h_jac_diff <- function(x) {
   assert_numeric(x)
   n <- length(x)
-  if (n == 2) {
-    matrix(c(-1, 1), nrow = 1L)
-  } else {
-    jacobian(h_diff, x)
-  }
+  l <- h_lower_tri_idx(n)
+  ret <- matrix(0, nrow = nrow(l), ncol = n)
+  ret[cbind(seq_len(nrow(ret)), l[, 1])] <- 1
+  ret[cbind(seq_len(nrow(ret)), l[, 2])] <- -1
+  ret
 }
 
+#' @rdname contrast
+#' @export
 h_ratio <- function(x) {
   assert_numeric(x, lower = 0)
   d <- outer(x, x, `/`)
   d[lower.tri(d)]
 }
+
+#' @rdname contrast
+#' @export
 h_jac_ratio <- function(x) {
   assert_numeric(x, lower = 0)
   n <- length(x)
-  if (n == 2) {
-    matrix(c(-x[2] / x[1]^2, 1 / x[1]), nrow = 1L)
-  } else {
-    jacobian(h_ratio, x)
-  }
+  l <- h_lower_tri_idx(n)
+  ret <- matrix(0, nrow = nrow(l), ncol = n)
+  ret[cbind(seq_len(nrow(ret)), l[, 1])] <- 1 / x[l[, 2]]
+  ret[cbind(seq_len(nrow(ret)), l[, 2])] <- -x[l[, 1]] / x[l[, 2]]^2
+  ret
 }
 
+#' @rdname contrast
+#' @export
 h_odds_ratio <- function(x) {
   assert_numeric(x, lower = 0, upper = 1)
   y <- x / (1 - x)
   h_ratio(y)
 }
 
+#' @rdname contrast
+#' @export
 h_jac_odds_ratio <- function(x) {
-  assert_numeric(x, lower = 0, upper = 1)
+  assert_numeric(x, lower = 0)
   n <- length(x)
-  if (n == 2) {
-    matrix(c(-x[2] / ((1 - x[2]) * x[1]^2), (1 - x[1]) / ((1 - x[2])^2 * x[1])), nrow = 1L)
-  } else {
-    jacobian(h_odds_ratio, x)
-  }
+  l <- h_lower_tri_idx(n)
+  ret <- matrix(0, nrow = nrow(l), ncol = n)
+  ret[cbind(seq_len(nrow(ret)), l[, 1])] <- (1 - x[l[, 2]]) / ((1 - x[l[, 1]])^2 * x[l[, 2]])
+  ret[cbind(seq_len(nrow(ret)), l[, 2])] <- -x[l[, 1]] / ((1 - x[l[, 1]]) * x[l[, 2]]^2)
+  ret
+}
+
+#' Lower Triangular Index
+#' @param n (`int`) Number of rows/columns.
+#' @return Matrix of lower triangular indices.
+#' @keywords internal
+h_lower_tri_idx <- function(n) {
+  rc <- c(n, n)
+  which(.row(rc) > .col(rc), arr.ind = TRUE)
 }
diff --git a/man/contrast.Rd b/man/contrast.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae36391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/contrast.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/treatment_effect.R
+\name{h_diff}
+\alias{h_diff}
+\alias{h_jac_diff}
+\alias{h_ratio}
+\alias{h_jac_ratio}
+\alias{h_odds_ratio}
+\alias{h_jac_odds_ratio}
+\title{Contrast Functions and Jacobians}
+\usage{
+h_diff(x)
+
+h_jac_diff(x)
+
+h_ratio(x)
+
+h_jac_ratio(x)
+
+h_odds_ratio(x)
+
+h_jac_odds_ratio(x)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{(\code{numeric}) Vector of values.}
+}
+\value{
+Vector of contrasts, or matrix of jacobians.
+}
+\description{
+Contrast Functions and Jacobians
+}
+\examples{
+h_diff(1:3)
+h_jac_ratio(1:3)
+}
diff --git a/man/h_lower_tri_idx.Rd b/man/h_lower_tri_idx.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fcd3be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/h_lower_tri_idx.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/treatment_effect.R
+\name{h_lower_tri_idx}
+\alias{h_lower_tri_idx}
+\title{Lower Triangular Index}
+\usage{
+h_lower_tri_idx(n)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{n}{(\code{int}) Number of rows/columns.}
+}
+\value{
+Matrix of lower triangular indices.
+}
+\description{
+Lower Triangular Index
+}
+\keyword{internal}