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+# Changing database encoding
+
+This instructions are primarily intended to help with an error encountered when migrating to OpenProject 15.
+The error happens when migration tries to create an ICU collation and database encoding doesn't support it.
+We suggest to use unicode encoding for maximum compatibility.
+
+## Preconditions
+
+* Credentials with the permission to create a database in the database server the OpenProject installation is running against.
+* Shell access to the OpenProject server.
+
+## 1. Create a database dump
+
+This and following steps assume that you are using built in `openproject` command.
+
+```shell
+openproject run backup
+```
+
+Ensure it finished successfully and note down the path after `Generating database backup` that should normally be
+in form `/var/db/openproject/backup/postgresql-dump-<DATE_TIME_DIGITS>.pgdump`.
+
+See also [Backing up your OpenProject installation page](../../operation/backing-up).
+
+## 2. Create a new database with different encoding
+
+Note down the database connection URL that should be in form `postgres://<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<HOST>:<PORT>/<DATABASE>`:
+
+```shell
+openproject config:get DATABASE_URL
+```
+
+Create new database using `psql` command, after deciding on the name, for example `openproject-unicode`:
+
+```shell
+psql '<DATABASE_URL>' -c 'CREATE DATABASE "<NEW_DATABASE_NAME>" ENCODING UNICODE'
+```
+
+Options for `CREATE DATABASE` can be found at [PostgreSQL documentation page](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createdatabase.html).
+
+Or alternatively using `createdb` command:
+
+```shell
+su postgres -c createdb -E UNICODE -O <dbusernamer> openproject_backup
+```
+
+Instructions for `createdb` command can be found at [PostgreSQL documentation page](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/app-createdb.html).
+
+## 3. Restore the dump to the new database
+
+To get the new database URL you need to replace the old database name with the new database name in the connection URL that you got in the previous step.
+For example if it was `postgres://openproject:hard-password@some-host:5432/openproject` and new database name was chosen to be `openproject-unicode`, then
+new database URL will be `postgres://openproject:hard-password@some-host:5432/openproject-unicode`.
+
+```shell
+pg_restore -d '<NEW_DATABASE_URL>' '<PATH_TO_THE_DATABASE_DUMP>'
+```
+
+See also [Restoring an OpenProject backup](../../operation/restoring/).
+
+## 4. Change configuration to use the new database
+
+Using the new database URL from previous step:
+
+```shell
+openproject config:set DATABASE_URL=<NEW_DATABASE_URL>
+```
+
+See also [Configuring a custom database server page](../../configuration/database/).