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Python虚拟环境
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<a href="." >Python虚拟环境</a>
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<h2 id="venv">venv</h2>
<p>在 python3.3 之前，需要通过 virtualenv 创建虚拟环境，首先需要<strong>安装 virtualenv</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ pip <span class="token function">install</span> virtualenv
</code></pre>
<p><strong>创建虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 当前目录创建一个myvenv的文件夹，并在文件夹下创建虚拟环境</span>
<span class="token comment"># 参数--no-site-packages的意思是创建虚拟环境时，不复制主环境中已安装的包，而是创建一个“干净的”虚拟环境</span>
$ virtualenv --no-site-packages myvenv
<span class="token comment"># 指定一个Python解释器</span>
$ virtualenv <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> /usr/bin/python2.8 myvenv
</code></pre>
<p><strong>进入虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 进入需要使用的虚拟环境的上层目录，运行activate</span>
$ <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> ./myvenv/bin/activate
</code></pre>
<p><strong>退出虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 在虚拟环境中，需要退出只需要输入deactivate</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>myvenv<span class="token punctuation">)</span> $ deactivate
</code></pre>
<p><strong>删除虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 只需要删除虚拟环境所在的目录即可</span>
$ <span class="token function">rm</span> –r myvenv
</code></pre>
<p>Python3.3 之后，可以用python自带的 venv 模块创建虚拟环境。除创建虚拟环境意外，<strong>其它跟virtualenv完全一致</strong>。</p>
<p><strong>创建虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 当前目录创建一个myvenv的文件夹，并在文件夹下创建虚拟环境</span>
$ python <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> venv myvenv
</code></pre>
<h2 id="conda">conda</h2>
<p>如果安装了Anaconda，可以用conda创建虚拟环境。</p>
<p><strong>创建虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 在Anaconda安装目录下的envs文件夹下创建名为myvenv目录，并在该目录下创建虚拟环境，同时设定该虚拟环境的python版本</span>
$ conda create <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> myvenv <span class="token assign-left variable">python</span><span class="token operator">=</span>x.x
</code></pre>
<p><strong>切换至某个虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 切换至名为yourenv的虚拟环境</span>
$ conda activate yourenv
$ <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> activate yourenv <span class="token comment"># source也可以</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>退出某个虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 在某个虚拟环境下键入以下命令退出虚拟环境</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>yourenv<span class="token punctuation">)</span> $ conda deactivate
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>yourenv<span class="token punctuation">)</span> $ <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> deactivate <span class="token comment"># 高版本Anaconda可能无法使用</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>查看当前存在的虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ conda <span class="token function">env</span> list
$ conda info <span class="token parameter variable">-e</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>虚拟环境安装包</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># 为myvenv虚拟环境安装numpy</span>
$ conda <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> myvenv numpy
<span class="token comment"># 也可以先进入该虚拟环境，直接在虚拟环境下安装</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>yourenv<span class="token punctuation">)</span> $ conda <span class="token function">install</span> numpy
</code></pre>
<p><strong>删除虚拟环境</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ conda remove <span class="token parameter variable">--name</span> myvenv <span class="token parameter variable">--all</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>查看当前环境安装的包</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ conda list
</code></pre>
<p><strong>查看镜像源channels</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ conda config <span class="token parameter variable">--get</span> channels
</code></pre>
<p><strong>添加镜像源</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ conda config <span class="token parameter variable">--add</span> channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
</code></pre>
<p><strong>删除镜像源</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ conda config <span class="token parameter variable">--remove</span> channels channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
</code></pre>
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