diff --git a/src/core/grabber/include/grabber/device_grabber.hpp b/src/core/grabber/include/grabber/device_grabber.hpp
index 1962a2eb8..eb038f29b 100644
--- a/src/core/grabber/include/grabber/device_grabber.hpp
+++ b/src/core/grabber/include/grabber/device_grabber.hpp
@@ -955,9 +955,9 @@ class device_grabber final : public pqrs::dispatcher::extra::dispatcher_client {
     for (const auto& rule : core_configuration_->get_selected_profile().get_complex_modifications()->get_rules()) {
       for (const auto& manipulator : rule->get_manipulators()) {
         try {
-          auto m = manipulator::manipulator_factory::make_manipulator(manipulator.get_json(),
-                                                                      manipulator.get_parameters());
-          for (const auto& c : manipulator.get_conditions()) {
+          auto m = manipulator::manipulator_factory::make_manipulator(manipulator->get_json(),
+                                                                      manipulator->get_parameters());
+          for (const auto& c : manipulator->get_conditions()) {
             m->push_back_condition(manipulator::manipulator_factory::make_condition(c.get_json()));
           }
           complex_modifications_manipulator_manager_->push_back_manipulator(m);
diff --git a/src/share/complex_modifications_utility.hpp b/src/share/complex_modifications_utility.hpp
index 385c08398..4e80f6e6a 100644
--- a/src/share/complex_modifications_utility.hpp
+++ b/src/share/complex_modifications_utility.hpp
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ namespace complex_modifications_utility {
 inline std::vector<std::string> lint_rule(const core_configuration::details::complex_modifications_rule& rule) {
   std::vector<std::string> error_messages;
 
-  for (const auto& manipulator : rule.get_manipulators()) {
+  for (const auto& m : rule.get_manipulators()) {
     try {
-      manipulator::manipulator_factory::make_manipulator(manipulator.get_json(),
-                                                         manipulator.get_parameters());
-      for (const auto& c : manipulator.get_conditions()) {
+      manipulator::manipulator_factory::make_manipulator(m->get_json(),
+                                                         m->get_parameters());
+      for (const auto& c : m->get_conditions()) {
         manipulator::manipulator_factory::make_condition(c.get_json());
       }
 
diff --git a/src/share/core_configuration/details/profile/complex_modifications.hpp b/src/share/core_configuration/details/profile/complex_modifications.hpp
index 1e67827e1..42f6a47c1 100644
--- a/src/share/core_configuration/details/profile/complex_modifications.hpp
+++ b/src/share/core_configuration/details/profile/complex_modifications.hpp
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ namespace core_configuration {
 namespace details {
 class complex_modifications final {
 public:
+  complex_modifications(const complex_modifications&) = delete;
+
   complex_modifications(void)
       : complex_modifications(nlohmann::json::object(),
                               krbn::core_configuration::error_handling::loose) {
diff --git a/src/share/core_configuration/details/profile/complex_modifications_rule.hpp b/src/share/core_configuration/details/profile/complex_modifications_rule.hpp
index 7ae083a17..a9138be34 100644
--- a/src/share/core_configuration/details/profile/complex_modifications_rule.hpp
+++ b/src/share/core_configuration/details/profile/complex_modifications_rule.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ class complex_modifications_rule final {
       nlohmann::json json_;
     };
 
+    manipulator(const manipulator&) = delete;
+
     manipulator(const nlohmann::json& json,
                 gsl::not_null<std::shared_ptr<const core_configuration::details::complex_modifications_parameters>> parameters,
                 error_handling error_handling)
@@ -90,9 +92,10 @@ class complex_modifications_rule final {
 
         for (const auto& j : value) {
           try {
-            manipulators_.emplace_back(j,
-                                       parameters,
-                                       error_handling);
+            auto m = std::make_shared<manipulator>(j,
+                                                   parameters,
+                                                   error_handling);
+            manipulators_.push_back(m);
           } catch (const pqrs::json::unmarshal_error& e) {
             throw pqrs::json::unmarshal_error(fmt::format("`{0}` entry error: {1}", key, e.what()));
           }
@@ -119,8 +122,8 @@ class complex_modifications_rule final {
     // Use manipulators_'s description if needed.
     if (description_.empty()) {
       for (const auto& m : manipulators_) {
-        if (!m.get_description().empty()) {
-          description_ = m.get_description();
+        if (!m->get_description().empty()) {
+          description_ = m->get_description();
           break;
         }
       }
@@ -131,7 +134,7 @@ class complex_modifications_rule final {
     return json_;
   }
 
-  const std::vector<manipulator>& get_manipulators(void) const {
+  const std::vector<gsl::not_null<std::shared_ptr<manipulator>>>& get_manipulators(void) const {
     return manipulators_;
   }
 
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ class complex_modifications_rule final {
 
 private:
   nlohmann::json json_;
-  std::vector<manipulator> manipulators_;
+  std::vector<gsl::not_null<std::shared_ptr<manipulator>>> manipulators_;
   std::string description_;
 };
 
diff --git a/tests/src/core_configuration/src/core_configuration_test.hpp b/tests/src/core_configuration/src/core_configuration_test.hpp
index f729e0bcc..c7b572dc8 100644
--- a/tests/src/core_configuration/src/core_configuration_test.hpp
+++ b/tests/src/core_configuration/src/core_configuration_test.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void run_core_configuration_test(void) {
       expect(expected == configuration.get_selected_profile().get_simple_modifications()->get_pairs()) << UT_SHOW_LINE;
     }
     {
-      auto manipulator = configuration.get_selected_profile().get_complex_modifications()->get_rules()[0]->get_manipulators()[0].get_json();
+      auto manipulator = configuration.get_selected_profile().get_complex_modifications()->get_rules()[0]->get_manipulators()[0]->get_json();
       expect("basic" == manipulator["type"]);
       expect("open_bracket" == manipulator["from"]["key_code"]);
     }
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ void run_core_configuration_test(void) {
       auto complex_modifications = configuration.get_selected_profile().get_complex_modifications();
       auto& rules = complex_modifications->get_rules();
       expect(complex_modifications->get_parameters()->get_basic_to_if_alone_timeout_milliseconds() == 800);
-      expect(rules[0]->get_manipulators()[0].get_parameters()->get_basic_to_if_alone_timeout_milliseconds() == 800);
-      expect(rules[0]->get_manipulators()[2].get_parameters()->get_basic_to_if_alone_timeout_milliseconds() == 400);
+      expect(rules[0]->get_manipulators()[0]->get_parameters()->get_basic_to_if_alone_timeout_milliseconds() == 800);
+      expect(rules[0]->get_manipulators()[2]->get_parameters()->get_basic_to_if_alone_timeout_milliseconds() == 400);
       expect(rules[0]->get_description() == "Emacs bindings, etc.");
       expect(rules[1]->get_description() == "description test");
       expect(rules[2]->get_description() == "");