diff --git a/changelog/12943.improvement.rst b/changelog/12943.improvement.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eb8ac63650a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/12943.improvement.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+If a test fails with an exceptiongroup with a single exception, the contained exception will now be displayed in the short test summary info.
diff --git a/src/_pytest/_code/code.py b/src/_pytest/_code/code.py
index 8fac39ea298..85ed3145e66 100644
--- a/src/_pytest/_code/code.py
+++ b/src/_pytest/_code/code.py
@@ -589,6 +589,23 @@ def exconly(self, tryshort: bool = False) -> str:
         representation is returned (so 'AssertionError: ' is removed from
         the beginning).
         """
+
+        def _get_single_subexc(
+            eg: BaseExceptionGroup[BaseException],
+        ) -> BaseException | None:
+            if len(eg.exceptions) != 1:
+                return None
+            if isinstance(e := eg.exceptions[0], BaseExceptionGroup):
+                return _get_single_subexc(e)
+            return e
+
+        if (
+            tryshort
+            and isinstance(self.value, BaseExceptionGroup)
+            and (subexc := _get_single_subexc(self.value)) is not None
+        ):
+            return f"{subexc!r} [single exception in {type(self.value).__name__}]"
+
         lines = format_exception_only(self.type, self.value)
         text = "".join(lines)
         text = text.rstrip()
diff --git a/testing/code/test_excinfo.py b/testing/code/test_excinfo.py
index fc60ae9ac99..b049e0cf188 100644
--- a/testing/code/test_excinfo.py
+++ b/testing/code/test_excinfo.py
@@ -1703,6 +1703,83 @@ def test_exceptiongroup(pytester: Pytester, outer_chain, inner_chain) -> None:
     _exceptiongroup_common(pytester, outer_chain, inner_chain, native=False)
 
 
+def test_exceptiongroup_short_summary_info(pytester: Pytester):
+    pytester.makepyfile(
+        """
+        import sys
+
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup, ExceptionGroup
+
+        def test_base() -> None:
+            raise BaseExceptionGroup("NOT IN SUMMARY", [SystemExit("a" * 10)])
+
+        def test_nonbase() -> None:
+            raise ExceptionGroup("NOT IN SUMMARY", [ValueError("a" * 10)])
+
+        def test_nested() -> None:
+            raise ExceptionGroup(
+                "NOT DISPLAYED", [
+                    ExceptionGroup("NOT IN SUMMARY", [ValueError("a" * 10)])
+                ]
+            )
+
+        def test_multiple() -> None:
+            raise ExceptionGroup(
+                "b" * 10,
+                [
+                    ValueError("NOT IN SUMMARY"),
+                    TypeError("NOT IN SUMMARY"),
+                ]
+            )
+
+        def test_nested_multiple() -> None:
+            raise ExceptionGroup(
+                "b" * 10,
+                [
+                    ExceptionGroup(
+                        "c" * 10,
+                        [
+                            ValueError("NOT IN SUMMARY"),
+                            TypeError("NOT IN SUMMARY"),
+                        ]
+                    )
+                ]
+            )
+        """
+    )
+    # run with -vv to not truncate summary info, default width in tests is very low
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-vv")
+    assert result.ret == 1
+    backport_str = "exceptiongroup." if sys.version_info < (3, 11) else ""
+    result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
+        [
+            "*= short test summary info =*",
+            (
+                "FAILED test_exceptiongroup_short_summary_info.py::test_base - "
+                "SystemExit('aaaaaaaaaa') [single exception in BaseExceptionGroup]"
+            ),
+            (
+                "FAILED test_exceptiongroup_short_summary_info.py::test_nonbase - "
+                "ValueError('aaaaaaaaaa') [single exception in ExceptionGroup]"
+            ),
+            (
+                "FAILED test_exceptiongroup_short_summary_info.py::test_nested - "
+                "ValueError('aaaaaaaaaa') [single exception in ExceptionGroup]"
+            ),
+            (
+                "FAILED test_exceptiongroup_short_summary_info.py::test_multiple - "
+                f"{backport_str}ExceptionGroup: bbbbbbbbbb (2 sub-exceptions)"
+            ),
+            (
+                "FAILED test_exceptiongroup_short_summary_info.py::test_nested_multiple - "
+                f"{backport_str}ExceptionGroup: bbbbbbbbbb (1 sub-exception)"
+            ),
+            "*= 5 failed in *",
+        ]
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tbstyle", ("long", "short", "auto", "line", "native"))
 def test_all_entries_hidden(pytester: Pytester, tbstyle: str) -> None:
     """Regression test for #10903."""