2020-04-29-mocking.adoc.po

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#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
msgid "Mocking CDI beans in Quarkus"
msgstr "在Quarkus中嘲弄CDI Bean"

#. type: YAML Front Matter: synopsis
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
msgid "Quarkus 1.4 introduces some interesting new capabilities for mocking CDI beans."
msgstr "Quarkus 1.4为嘲弄CDI Bean引入了一些有趣的新功能。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Testing Quarkus applications has been an important part of the Quarkus Developer Joy, which is why\n"
"`@QuarkusTest` for testing JVM applications and `@NativeTest` for black-box testing of the native images have been\n"
"part of Quarkus since the first release.\n"
"A recurring request however amongst our community members has been to have Quarkus allow them to selectively\n"
"mock certain CDI beans for specific tests. This post will introduce the new mocking capabilities\n"
"that `1.4` brings which aim to address those concerns, while also providing a glimpse of additional\n"
"improvements in this are that will be part of `1.5`."
msgstr "测试 Quarkus 应用程序一直是 Quarkus 开发者之乐的重要组成部分，这也是为什么自第一版发布以来，用于测试 JVM 应用程序的 `@QuarkusTest` 和用于本地镜像黑盒测试的 `@NativeTest` 一直是 Quarkus 的一部分。然而，我们的社区成员经常要求 Quarkus 允许他们为特定测试有选择地模拟某些 CDI Bean。本篇文章将介绍 `1.4` 带来的新模拟功能，旨在解决这些问题，同时还将介绍 `1.5` 在此方面的其他改进。"

#. type: Title ==
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
msgid "Old approach"
msgstr "老办法"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us assume that a Quarkus application contains the following (purely contrived) bean:"
msgstr "让我们假设一个Quarkus应用程序包含以下（纯属臆造的）bean。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When testing the `generateSendInvoice` method we most likely don't want to use the actual `InvoiceNotificationService` as it would\n"
"result in sending real notifications. With the old Quarkus approach one could \"override\"\n"
"the `InvoiceNotificationService` in tests by adding the following bean in the test sources:"
msgstr "在测试 `generateSendInvoice` 方法时，我们很可能不想使用实际的 `InvoiceNotificationService` ，因为这会导致发送真正的通知。使用旧的 Quarkus 方法，我们可以在测试源中添加以下 bean，从而在测试中 \"覆盖 \" `InvoiceNotificationService` ："

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When Quarkus scanned this code, the use of `@Mock` would result in `MockInvoiceNotificationService` being used as\n"
"the implementation of `InvoiceNotificationService` in every place where a `InvoiceNotificationService` bean was injected\n"
"(in CDI terms this is called an injection point)."
msgstr "当 Quarkus 扫描这段代码时，在注入 `InvoiceNotificationService` Bean 的每个地方（在 CDI 术语中，这被称为注入点），使用 `@Mock` 将导致 `MockInvoiceNotificationService` 被用作 `InvoiceNotificationService` 的实现。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "Although this mechanism is fairly straightforward to use, it nonetheless suffers from a few problems:"
msgstr "尽管这种机制使用起来相当简单，但它仍然存在一些问题。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A new class (or a new CDI producer method) needs to be used for each bean type that requires a mock. In a large application where a lot of\n"
"mocks are needed, the amount of boilerplate code increases unacceptably."
msgstr "每个需要模拟的 Bean 类型都需要使用一个新类（或一个新的 CDI 生成器方法）。在需要大量模拟的大型应用程序中，模板代码的数量会增加得令人难以接受。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is no way for a mock to be used for certain tests only. This is due to the fact that beans that are annotated with `@Mock` are normal\n"
"CDI beans (and are therefore used throughout the application).\n"
"Depending on what needs to be tested, this can be very problematic."
msgstr "mock 无法仅用于某些测试。这是因为注释为 `@Mock` 的 Bean 是正常的 CDI Bean（因此在整个应用程序中都会使用）。根据需要测试的内容，这可能会造成很大问题。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is a no out of the box integration with https://site.mockito.org/[Mockito], which is the de-facto standard for\n"
"mocking in Java applications. Users can certainly use Mockito (most commonly by using a CDI producer method), but there\n"
"is boilerplate code involved."
msgstr "link:https://site.mockito.org/[Mockito] 是 Java 应用程序中模拟的事实标准，但没有与 link:https://site.mockito.org/[Mockito] 进行开箱即用的集成。用户当然可以使用 Mockito（最常见的方法是使用 CDI 生产者方法），但其中涉及到模板代码。"

#. type: Title ==
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
msgid "New approach"
msgstr "新方法"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Starting with Quarkus `1.4`, users have the ability to create and inject per-test mocks for normal scoped CDI beans using\n"
"`io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusMock`. Moreover, Quarkus provides out of the box integration with Mockito\n"
"allowing for zero effort mocking of CDI beans using the `io.quarkus.test.junit.mockito.@InjectMock` annotation."
msgstr "从 Quarkus `1.4` 开始，用户就可以使用 `io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusMock` 为正常作用域的 CDI Bean 创建和注入按测试模拟。此外，Quarkus 还提供了与 Mockito 的开箱即用集成，允许使用 `io.quarkus.test.junit.mockito.@InjectMock` 注解对 CDI Bean 进行零工作量模拟。"

#. type: Title ===
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
msgid "Using QuarkusMock"
msgstr "使用QuarkusMock"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`QuarkusMock` provides the foundation for mocking normal scoped CDI beans and is also used under the hood by `@InjectMock`, so let us examine\n"
"it first. The best way to do this is using an example:"
msgstr "`QuarkusMock` 为模拟正常作用域的 CDI Bean 提供了基础，也被 在引擎盖下使用，因此让我们先检查一下它。最好的方法是使用一个示例： `@InjectMock`"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "This part of the  example uses Mockito for convenience's sake only. `QuarkusMock` is not tied to Mockito in any way."
msgstr "`QuarkusMock` 与 Mockito 没有任何关联。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We use `QuarkusMock.installMockForType()` because the injected bean instance is not yet available. Very important to note is that\n"
"the mock setup in a JUnit `@BeforeAll` method, is used for *all* test methods of the class (other test classes are *not* affected by this)."
msgstr "我们使用 `QuarkusMock.installMockForType()` 是因为注入的 Bean 实例尚未可用。需要注意的是，在 JUnit `@BeforeAll` 方法中设置的 mock 将用于该类的 *所有* 测试方法（其他测试 *类不受* 此影响）。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "The mock for `MockableBean1` is being used as it was defined for all test methods of the class."
msgstr " `MockableBean1` 的模拟正在被使用，因为它被定义为类的所有测试方法。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "Since no mock has been set up for `MockableBean2`, the CDI bean is being used."
msgstr "由于没有为 `MockableBean2` ，所以正在使用CDI Bean。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "We use `QuarkusMock.installMockForInstance()` here because inside the test method, the injected bean instance is available."
msgstr "我们在这里使用 `QuarkusMock.installMockForInstance()` ，因为在测试方法里面，注入的bean实例是可用的。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "As we used `BonjourMockableBean2` as a mock `MockableBean2`, this class is now used."
msgstr "由于我们用 `BonjourMockableBean2` 作为模拟 `MockableBean2` ，现在使用这个类。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`QuarkusMock` can be used for any normal scoped CDI bean - the most common of which are `@ApplicationScoped` and `@RequestScoped`.\n"
"This means that beans with `@Singleton` and `@Dependent` scope *cannot* be used with `QuarkusMock`."
msgstr "`QuarkusMock` 可用于任何正常作用域的 CDI Bean，其中最常见的是 和 。这意味着具有 和 作用域的 Bean `@ApplicationScoped` `@RequestScoped` `@Singleton` `@Dependent` *不能* 与 一起使用。 `QuarkusMock`"

#. type: delimited block =
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "Furthermore, `QuarkusMock` will not work properly when it's used in tests that run parallel in the same JVM."
msgstr "此外， `QuarkusMock` ，当它被用于在同一JVM中并行运行的测试时，将无法正常工作。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Returning to the original example of the blog post, we could get rid of the `MockInvoiceNotificationService` class and\n"
"instead use something like the following:"
msgstr "回到博文中最初的例子，我们可以去掉 `MockInvoiceNotificationService` 类，而使用类似下面的内容："

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that in this case we don't need to create a new class implementing `InvoiceNotificationService`.\n"
"Moreover, we have full and per test control over the mock, something which grants up a lot of flexibility when writing tests."
msgstr "请注意，在这种情况下，我们不需要创建一个实现 `InvoiceNotificationService` 的新类。此外，我们还可以对 mock 进行全面控制，这为编写测试提供了极大的灵活性。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, if we had some other test where we did want to use the real `InvoiceNotificationService`, then in that test\n"
"we would simply not do any mocking of `InvoiceNotificationService`."
msgstr "例如，如果我们在其他测试中确实希望使用真实的 `InvoiceNotificationService` ，那么在该测试中，我们只需不对 `InvoiceNotificationService` 进行任何模拟即可。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If yet another test needed to mock `InvoiceNotificationService` in some other way, then it would be perfectly free to do so,\n"
"using the same method `OrderServiceTest` uses, without causing any problems to the other tests."
msgstr "如果另一个测试需要以其他方式模拟 `InvoiceNotificationService` ，那么它完全可以使用与 `OrderServiceTest` 相同的方法这样做，而不会给其他测试带来任何问题。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, note in the example above we didn't mock `InvoiceService`, which meant that the real `InvoiceService` was being used in `OrderServiceTest`."
msgstr "最后，注意在上面的例子中，我们没有模拟 `InvoiceService` ，这意味着真正的 `InvoiceService` 被用在 `OrderServiceTest` 。"

#. type: Title ===
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
msgid "Using @InjectMock"
msgstr "使用@InjectMock"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Hopefully the previous section convinced you of the merits of `QuarkusMock` over the old approach. You might also be wondering\n"
"however if there is a way to reduce boilerplate code even further and provide tighter integration with Mockito. That is\n"
"where `@InjectMock` comes in handy."
msgstr "希望上一节的内容能让您相信 `QuarkusMock` 比旧方法更有优势。不过，您可能还想知道是否有办法进一步减少模板代码，并与 Mockito 实现更紧密的集成。这就是 `@InjectMock` 的用武之地。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "To demonstrate `@InjectMock` let's rewrite the `MockTestCase` from the previous section."
msgstr "为了证明 `@InjectMock` ，让我们重写一下上一节的 `MockTestCase` 。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "First of all, we need to add the following dependency:"
msgstr "首先，我们需要添加以下依赖关系。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "Now we can rewrite the `MockTestCase` like so:"
msgstr "现在我们可以这样改写 `MockTestCase` 。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "`@InjectMock` results in a mock being created and being available in *all* test methods of the test class (other test classes are *not* affected by this)"
msgstr " `@InjectMock` 导致模拟被创建并在测试类的 *所有* 测试方法中可用（其他测试 *类不受* 此影响）。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `mockableBean1` is configured here for all test methods of the class"
msgstr " `mockableBean1` 在这里为类的所有测试方法配置了"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "Configure `mockableBean2` for this test only"
msgstr "仅为该测试配置 `mockableBean2` "

#. type: delimited block =
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "Since `@InjectMock` uses `QuarkusMock` under the hood, the same limitations apply to its use."
msgstr "由于 `@InjectMock` ，在引擎盖下使用了 `QuarkusMock` ，所以同样的限制也适用于其使用。"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Additionally, `@InjectMock` works like an injection point for the bean, so for it to work properly when\n"
"the target bean uses CDI qualifiers, those qualifiers also need to be added to the field.\n"
"We will see an example of this in next section about mocking a `@RestClient` bean."
msgstr "此外， `@InjectMock` 就像是 Bean 的注入点，因此当目标 Bean 使用 CDI 限定符时，为了使其正常工作，也需要将这些限定符添加到字段中。我们将在下一节有关模拟 `@RestClient` Bean 的内容中看到这方面的示例。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "As a final example, we can rewrite the `OrderServiceTest` test like so:"
msgstr "作为最后一个例子，我们可以这样重写 `OrderServiceTest` 测试。"

#. type: Title ====
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
msgid "Using @InjectMock with @RestClient"
msgstr "使用@InjectMock和@RestClient"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A very common need is to mock `@RestClient` beans. Thankfully it's a need well covered by `@InjectMock` - as long\n"
"as two principles are followed:"
msgstr "一个非常常见的需求是模拟 `@RestClient` beans。值得庆幸的是，只要遵循两个原则， `@InjectMock` 就能很好地满足这一需求："

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "The bean is made `@ApplicationScoped` (instead of accepting the default scope which `@RegisterRestClient` implies, i.e. `@Dependent`)"
msgstr "这个豆子被做成了 `@ApplicationScoped` （而不是接受 `@RegisterRestClient` 所暗示的默认范围，即 `@Dependent` ）。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `@RestClient` CDI qualifier is used when injecting the bean into the test."
msgstr " `@RestClient` CDI限定符是在将豆子注入测试时使用的。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "As usual, an example best demonstrates these requirements. Say we have a `GreetingService` which we wish to use to build a rest client:"
msgstr "像往常一样，一个例子最能说明这些要求。假设我们有一个 `GreetingService` ，我们希望用它来建立一个休息客户端。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "`@ApplicationScoped` needs to be used to make `GreetingService` mockable."
msgstr " `@ApplicationScoped` 需要使用 ，以使其成为可模拟的。 `GreetingService` "

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "An example test class could be:"
msgstr "一个测试类的例子可以是。"

#. type: Plain text
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid "We need to use the `@RestClient` CDI qualifier, since Quarkus creates the `GreetingService` bean with this qualifier."
msgstr "我们需要使用 `@RestClient` CDI限定词，因为Quarkus用这个限定词创建了 `GreetingService` Bean。"

#. type: Title ==
#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
msgid "More Mocking in Quarkus 1.5"
msgstr "在Quarkus 1.5中更多的嘲讽"

#: _posts/2020-04-29-mocking.adoc
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Quarkus 1.5 will ship with a new testing module (`quarkus-panache-mock`) that will make mocking Panache entities a breeze.\n"
"If you are eager to see what this feature is all about, check out https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/blob/3a5680ea367c5dad60655dcef0ca9765f14d5efe/docs/src/main/asciidoc/getting-started-testing.adoc#73-mocking-with-panache[this]\n"
"and feel free to give us early feedback."
msgstr "Quarkus 1.5 将发布一个新的测试模块 ( `quarkus-panache-mock` )，它将使模拟 Panache 实体变得轻而易举。如果你急于了解该功能，请查看 link:https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/blob/3a5680ea367c5dad60655dcef0ca9765f14d5efe/docs/src/main/asciidoc/getting-started-testing.adoc#73-mocking-with-panache[该] 模块，并随时向我们提供早期反馈。"