Quiz for Lab 3.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Lecture 10\n",
    "\n",
    "For the next few lectures, we are going to work on a basic data analysis problem: grading a class. We will first use pandas to compute grades. Then we will build a grading book system.\n",
    "\n",
    "## Data Analysis (scripting/notebook)\n",
    "\n",
    "### Data Preperation\n",
    "We'll use pandas to read in some grade data. The file we are reading is a CSV dump of a Google Sheet from a TA grading a course. As we soon will see, the file is not properly formatted, and as often is the case, we will have to do a bit of manipulation before the data is usably in memory."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Data-1401-Grades-Fixed.csv Lecture.10.ipynb\r\n",
      "Data-1401-Grades.csv       Lecture.10.pdf\r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Before we read in the file, lets take a look."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
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     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\"No attempt: -5,wrong:-1...-5\",\"No attempt: -5, wrong: -2\",\"No attempt: -10, wrong: -1..-7\",\"No attempt: -10, wrong: -1 ..-8. no bonus\",\"No attempt: -25, wrong: -1..-20\",\"No attempt: -14, wrong: -1..-12, bonus 0..14\",\"No attempt: -15, wrong: -1..-12, bonus 0..5\",\"No attempt: -14, wrong: -1..-12\",\r",
      "\r\n",
      "Lab 1,Lab 2,Lab 3,Lab 4,Exam 1,Lab 5,,Lab 7,Exam 2\r",
      "\r\n",
      ",0,0,,0,0,0,0,0\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,no solution,-did not submit the Lab,,did not submit the exam,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,96,46,,68-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "Completed the lab,\"ex4- attempted,wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex8 -wrong solution(sequence not correct) -2\",\"ex1 - Nameerror get_size() is not defined(-2)\r\n",
      "ex2 - returns -1 for all conditions, does not test for all conditions.(-3)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board(-5)\r\n",
      "ex4 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex5 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex6 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex7 - no construction of board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10 - does not create board for 5*5 (-4)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted \",,\"q1c - does not return the list instead returns the range(-5)\r\n",
      "q2 - output is wrong, output should had been [4, 5, 60], \r\n",
      "[8, 10, 120],[12, 15, 180] (-5)\r\n",
      "q3a - should be in a list format (-2)\r\n",
      "q3b - Just generated the histogram.output does not have x90 value.(-10)\r\n",
      "q4a - should return the highest card instead of True for flush(), Straight(), straight_flush()(-6)\r\n",
      "q4b - three_of_a_kind(), pair() returns None even for the condition being True(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,100,90,,88-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "Completed the lab,\"Completed the whole lab\r\n",
      "\",\"ex10 - not attempted (-10)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",\"ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\",\"note - try to use better variable names\r\n",
      "q3b - does not calculate x90 (-8)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() is working perfectly,straight() & straight_flush() does not work with condition True (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "93,100,24,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "\"ex4 - attempted, wrong answer(-2)\r\n",
      "ex5c - not attempted(-5)\",Completed the whole lab,\"ex2 - returns 1 for winner_2, returns 1 for no winner instead of -1(-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 -  does not construct board for other cases (-4)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"note- try not to use names which are built-in functions in python(eg- min)\r\n",
      "q3b- does not calculate x90, made integral funciton but never ran it. (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,81,0,0,43-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex2-attempted(empty list) -2\r\n",
      "ex3 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex4 -not in proper format(list) -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\",- did not submit the lab,-did not submit the lab,\"q1b - returns the index 0 instead of 23 as mentioned in the question (-3)\r\n",
      "q2 - no attempt (-25)\r\n",
      "q3a,q3b - no attempt (-25)\r\n",
      "q4a - straight(), straight_flush() should return None instead of False,return highest card instead of True for straight() (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,100,105,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5)                  ,Completed the whole lab,\"ex5 - does not draw board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex11 - +10\",,\"q4b - Implementation correct , gives NameError 'h' not defined while running the code\r\n",
      "(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,98,87,,89-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "completed the lab,\"ex10 - attempted, solution wrong(nameerror-guess not defined) -2\",\"ex2 - flips for condition 'also_no_winner' returns 2 instead of 0(-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board as given in ques (-4)\r\n",
      "ex4 - creates 3 * 2 board for \"\"also_no_winner\"\" instead of 3*3 (-3)\r\n",
      "ex5 - does not create row C for \"\"also_no_winner\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex8 - Nameerror \"\"move_good\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q3a - did not print the result(-2)\r\n",
      "q3b- solution incomplete. Output close but not correct. (-5)\r\n",
      "q4a - Gives the second highest value on straight() (-2)\r\n",
      "q4b - Implementation does not seem right, wrong output for three_of_a_kind,pair() (-2)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,98,50,,52,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5),\"ex8 - wrong solution, sequence should be 1,1,.. -2\r\n",
      "\",\"ex1 - works for only 1 condition, does not return the expected output(-6)\r\n",
      "ex4- does not construct the board fully (-3)\r\n",
      "ex5 - Typeerror (-5)\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q1a,q1b,q1c - incomplete function. Does not have any function in all three parts of question. (-25)\r\n",
      "q2 - wrong logic, solution (-8)\r\n",
      "q3b- solution incomplete, does not calculate the value of x90 (-6)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() returns letter instead of highest card, straight() returns True instead of highest card, straight_flush() returns letter instead of highest card (-5)\r\n",
      "q4b - does not work for pair(), returns None for True condition (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,96,98,,100-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5),\"ex8 - should start from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - generates an invalid response on entering a number -2\",\"ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,excellent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,78,37,,67,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex1 - 1 function(odd) missing -2\r\n",
      "ex2 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex3 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - should be a list -2\r\n",
      "ex5 - return a list -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - attempted, sequence missing -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - nameerror(string not defined) -2\",\"ex1 - Nameerror \"\"game_board\"\" not defined (-2)\r\n",
      "ex2 - does not work for most of the test cases (-4)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board correctly(-3)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9 - does not use the notation A2, C1,etc, or constructs the board(-4)\",,\"-Late submission -10\r\n",
      "q1b - Nameerror  (-3)\r\n",
      "q3b - NameError: name 'data' is not defined, does not calculate the value of x90 (-8)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() gives error instead of returning the highest value card, straight() returns False instead of None, straight_flush() gives nameerror \"\"stright\"\" not defined(-6)\r\n",
      "q4b - Nameerror in both the functions pair and three_of_kind, values not defined correctly, variables not initiated properly(-6)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,76,,,0,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex1 - syntax error -2\r\n",
      "ex3 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex5 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex6 - syntax error -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - attempted no solution -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - Typerror -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "\",,,-did not submit the exam,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,89,0,0,66-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 5c missing(-5),\"ex7 - condition not working on rock and scissors -2\r\n",
      "ex8-  sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question. -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - wrong solution, user should have been given the input if number is higher or lower -2\",-did not submit the Lab,-did not submit the Lab,\"q2- should not be using numpy(built in functions) -5\r\n",
      "q3b- no value of x90, made q6 function but never used. (-4)\r\n",
      "q4a - not attempted(-12.5)\r\n",
      "q4b - not attempted(-12.5)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "98,94,35,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 4 attempted but not correct(-2),\"ex3 - wrong solution(attempted) -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - wrong solution(not generating correct list) -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - NameError: name 'py1' is not defined -2\",\"ex2 - does not return  -1, 0, 1, or 2 , returns None (-5)\r\n",
      "ex4 - Syntax Error (-2)\r\n",
      "ex4 - NameError: name 'insertLetter' is not defined(-2)\r\n",
      "ex5 - Incomplete function (-6)\r\n",
      "ex6- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q2- Right logic but not commented well, comment out the lines properly (-2)\r\n",
      "q4b - three_of_kind gives None for True condition (-2)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "93,77,23,,64-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "\"ex3 attempted no solution, 5c missing(-7)\",\"ex3 - should have taken list of numbers as in q2  -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - attempt, wrong solution(should include 1 as divisor) -2\r\n",
      "ex6 - should have given True for the palindrome string -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "\",\"ex2 - returns 1 instead of 0 for \"\"no_winner\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 - gives Index Error, function incomplete (-5)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",\"ex7 -not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\",\"q1a - You had to return just the string \"\"Alabama\"\" and not the whole list (-2)\r\n",
      "q3b - not attempted(-12.5)\r\n",
      "q4a,q4b - only flush function attempted(-7)\r\n",
      "q4b - not attempted (-12.5)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,96,88,,64-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "completed,\"ex8 - Sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - invalid response -2\r\n",
      "ex8,ex5,ex7,ex10 - solution exactly same as Will Anderson(git commit 13days ago)\",\"ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\r\n",
      "ex9 - game not implemented (-5)\r\n",
      "ex10 - game not implemented, only board created (-5)\r\n",
      "solution matches with another student Will Anderson\",,\"q1a - return just the string, not in list format(-2)\r\n",
      "q1b - throwing valueerror (-3)\r\n",
      "q2 - its  two 1-dimensional list multiplication and what you did is multiplication of 2d matrix (-15)\r\n",
      "q3b- not correct, gives NameError(-6)\r\n",
      "q4a - string in hand is not working for any of the functions (-6)\r\n",
      "q4b -  No output, giving Typeerror(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,94,60,,98-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 5c missing(-5),\"ex3 - incomplete function -3\r\n",
      "ex10 - incomplete function -3\",\"ex7- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,q4b - pair() is not working properly for few test cases. (-2),,,,"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!cat Data-1401-Grades.csv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Data Manipulation with Command-line Tools and Pandas\n",
    "\n",
    "The file is the CSV export of a google sheet, which isn't ideally formatted:\n",
    "\n",
    "* First line is the grading rubric, not the column names.\n",
    "* Lines alternate between the grade and the comments for the specific lab/exam.\n",
    "* The exam grades are in the format XX-sent.\n",
    "\n",
    "Reading the file with a CSV reader therefore isn't going to get table in the right format:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"Data-1401-Grades.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>No attempt: -5,wrong:-1...-5</th>\n",
       "      <th>No attempt: -5, wrong: -2</th>\n",
       "      <th>No attempt: -10, wrong: -1..-7</th>\n",
       "      <th>No attempt: -10, wrong: -1 ..-8. no bonus</th>\n",
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       "      <th>No attempt: -15, wrong: -1..-12, bonus 0..5</th>\n",
       "      <th>No attempt: -14, wrong: -1..-12</th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Lab 1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lab 2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lab 3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lab 4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Exam 1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lab 5</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lab 7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Exam 2</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the Lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>did not submit the exam</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex4- attempted,wrong solution -2\\nex8 -wrong s...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - Nameerror get_size() is not defined(-2)\\...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1c - does not return the list instead returns...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the whole lab\\n</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex10 - not attempted (-10)\\nex11 - not attempted</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex8-not attempted\\nex9- not attempted</td>\n",
       "      <td>note - try to use better variable names\\nq3b -...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex4 - attempted, wrong answer(-2)\\nex5c - not ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the whole lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2 - returns 1 for winner_2, returns 1 for no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>note- try not to use names which are built-in ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2-attempted(empty list) -2\\nex3 - no solutio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>- did not submit the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1b - returns the index 0 instead of 23 as men...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>-ex5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the whole lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex5 - does not draw board (-5)\\nex11 - +10</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q4b - Implementation correct , gives NameError...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>completed the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex10 - attempted, solution wrong(nameerror-gue...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2 - flips for condition 'also_no_winner' ret...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q3a - did not print the result(-2)\\nq3b- solut...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>-ex5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex8 - wrong solution, sequence should be 1,1,....</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - works for only 1 condition, does not ret...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1a,q1b,q1c - incomplete function. Does not ha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>-ex5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex8 - should start from 1 as given in the ques...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\\nex11 ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>excellent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - 1 function(odd) missing -2\\nex2 - no sol...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - Nameerror \"game_board\" not defined (-2)\\...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-Late submission -10\\nq1b - Nameerror  (-3)\\nq...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - syntax error -2\\nex3 - wrong solution -2...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the exam</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex 5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex7 - condition not working on rock and scisso...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the Lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the Lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>q2- should not be using numpy(built in functio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex 4 attempted but not correct(-2)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex3 - wrong solution(attempted) -2\\nex4 - wron...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2 - does not return  -1, 0, 1, or 2 , return...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q2- Right logic but not commented well, commen...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex3 attempted no solution, 5c missing(-7)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex3 - should have taken list of numbers as in ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2 - returns 1 instead of 0 for \"no_winner\" (...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex7 -not attempted\\nex8- not attempted\\nex9- n...</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1a - You had to return just the string \"Alaba...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>completed</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex8 - Sequence should have started from 1 as g...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\\nex9 -...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1a - return just the string, not in list form...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex 5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex3 - incomplete function -3\\nex10 - incomplet...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex7- not attempted\\nex8- not attempted\\nex9- n...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q4b - pair() is not working properly for few t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                         No attempt: -5,wrong:-1...-5  \\\n",
       "0                                               Lab 1   \n",
       "1                                                 NaN   \n",
       "2                                         no solution   \n",
       "3                                                 100   \n",
       "4                                   Completed the lab   \n",
       "5                                                 100   \n",
       "6                                   Completed the lab   \n",
       "7                                                  93   \n",
       "8   ex4 - attempted, wrong answer(-2)\\nex5c - not ...   \n",
       "9                                                   0   \n",
       "10                                        no solution   \n",
       "11                                                 95   \n",
       "12                -ex5c missing(-5)                     \n",
       "13                                                100   \n",
       "14                                  completed the lab   \n",
       "15                                                 95   \n",
       "16                                  -ex5c missing(-5)   \n",
       "17                                                 95   \n",
       "18                                  -ex5c missing(-5)   \n",
       "19                                                  0   \n",
       "20                                        no solution   \n",
       "21                                                  0   \n",
       "22                                        no solution   \n",
       "23                                                 95   \n",
       "24                                  ex 5c missing(-5)   \n",
       "25                                                 98   \n",
       "26                 ex 4 attempted but not correct(-2)   \n",
       "27                                                 93   \n",
       "28          ex3 attempted no solution, 5c missing(-7)   \n",
       "29                                                100   \n",
       "30                                          completed   \n",
       "31                                                 95   \n",
       "32                                  ex 5c missing(-5)   \n",
       "\n",
       "                            No attempt: -5, wrong: -2  \\\n",
       "0                                               Lab 2   \n",
       "1                                                   0   \n",
       "2                                         no solution   \n",
       "3                                                  96   \n",
       "4   ex4- attempted,wrong solution -2\\nex8 -wrong s...   \n",
       "5                                                 100   \n",
       "6                           Completed the whole lab\\n   \n",
       "7                                                 100   \n",
       "8                             Completed the whole lab   \n",
       "9                                                  81   \n",
       "10  ex2-attempted(empty list) -2\\nex3 - no solutio...   \n",
       "11                                                100   \n",
       "12                            Completed the whole lab   \n",
       "13                                                 98   \n",
       "14  ex10 - attempted, solution wrong(nameerror-gue...   \n",
       "15                                                 98   \n",
       "16  ex8 - wrong solution, sequence should be 1,1,....   \n",
       "17                                                 96   \n",
       "18  ex8 - should start from 1 as given in the ques...   \n",
       "19                                                 78   \n",
       "20  ex1 - 1 function(odd) missing -2\\nex2 - no sol...   \n",
       "21                                                 76   \n",
       "22  ex1 - syntax error -2\\nex3 - wrong solution -2...   \n",
       "23                                                 89   \n",
       "24  ex7 - condition not working on rock and scisso...   \n",
       "25                                                 94   \n",
       "26  ex3 - wrong solution(attempted) -2\\nex4 - wron...   \n",
       "27                                                 77   \n",
       "28  ex3 - should have taken list of numbers as in ...   \n",
       "29                                                 96   \n",
       "30  ex8 - Sequence should have started from 1 as g...   \n",
       "31                                                 94   \n",
       "32  ex3 - incomplete function -3\\nex10 - incomplet...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                       No attempt: -10, wrong: -1..-7  \\\n",
       "0                                               Lab 3   \n",
       "1                                                   0   \n",
       "2                             -did not submit the Lab   \n",
       "3                                                  46   \n",
       "4   ex1 - Nameerror get_size() is not defined(-2)\\...   \n",
       "5                                                  90   \n",
       "6    ex10 - not attempted (-10)\\nex11 - not attempted   \n",
       "7                                                  24   \n",
       "8   ex2 - returns 1 for winner_2, returns 1 for no...   \n",
       "9                                                   0   \n",
       "10                           - did not submit the lab   \n",
       "11                                                105   \n",
       "12         ex5 - does not draw board (-5)\\nex11 - +10   \n",
       "13                                                 87   \n",
       "14  ex2 - flips for condition 'also_no_winner' ret...   \n",
       "15                                                 50   \n",
       "16  ex1 - works for only 1 condition, does not ret...   \n",
       "17                                                 98   \n",
       "18  ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\\nex11 ...   \n",
       "19                                                 37   \n",
       "20  ex1 - Nameerror \"game_board\" not defined (-2)\\...   \n",
       "21                                                NaN   \n",
       "22                                                NaN   \n",
       "23                                                  0   \n",
       "24                            -did not submit the Lab   \n",
       "25                                                 35   \n",
       "26  ex2 - does not return  -1, 0, 1, or 2 , return...   \n",
       "27                                                 23   \n",
       "28  ex2 - returns 1 instead of 0 for \"no_winner\" (...   \n",
       "29                                                 88   \n",
       "30  ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\\nex9 -...   \n",
       "31                                                 60   \n",
       "32  ex7- not attempted\\nex8- not attempted\\nex9- n...   \n",
       "\n",
       "            No attempt: -10, wrong: -1 ..-8. no bonus  \\\n",
       "0                                               Lab 4   \n",
       "1                                                 NaN   \n",
       "2                                                 NaN   \n",
       "3                                                 NaN   \n",
       "4                                                 NaN   \n",
       "5                                                 NaN   \n",
       "6               ex8-not attempted\\nex9- not attempted   \n",
       "7                                                 NaN   \n",
       "8                                                 NaN   \n",
       "9                                                   0   \n",
       "10                            -did not submit the lab   \n",
       "11                                                NaN   \n",
       "12                                                NaN   \n",
       "13                                                NaN   \n",
       "14                                                NaN   \n",
       "15                                                NaN   \n",
       "16                                                NaN   \n",
       "17                                                NaN   \n",
       "18                                                NaN   \n",
       "19                                                NaN   \n",
       "20                                                NaN   \n",
       "21                                                NaN   \n",
       "22                                                NaN   \n",
       "23                                                  0   \n",
       "24                            -did not submit the Lab   \n",
       "25                                                NaN   \n",
       "26                                                NaN   \n",
       "27                                                NaN   \n",
       "28  ex7 -not attempted\\nex8- not attempted\\nex9- n...   \n",
       "29                                                NaN   \n",
       "30                                                NaN   \n",
       "31                                                NaN   \n",
       "32                                                NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      No attempt: -25, wrong: -1..-20  \\\n",
       "0                                              Exam 1   \n",
       "1                                                   0   \n",
       "2                             did not submit the exam   \n",
       "3                                             68-sent   \n",
       "4   q1c - does not return the list instead returns...   \n",
       "5                                             88-sent   \n",
       "6   note - try to use better variable names\\nq3b -...   \n",
       "7                                             96-sent   \n",
       "8   note- try not to use names which are built-in ...   \n",
       "9                                             43-sent   \n",
       "10  q1b - returns the index 0 instead of 23 as men...   \n",
       "11                                            96-sent   \n",
       "12  q4b - Implementation correct , gives NameError...   \n",
       "13                                            89-sent   \n",
       "14  q3a - did not print the result(-2)\\nq3b- solut...   \n",
       "15                                                 52   \n",
       "16  q1a,q1b,q1c - incomplete function. Does not ha...   \n",
       "17                                           100-sent   \n",
       "18                                          excellent   \n",
       "19                                                 67   \n",
       "20  -Late submission -10\\nq1b - Nameerror  (-3)\\nq...   \n",
       "21                                                  0   \n",
       "22                           -did not submit the exam   \n",
       "23                                            66-sent   \n",
       "24  q2- should not be using numpy(built in functio...   \n",
       "25                                            96-sent   \n",
       "26  q2- Right logic but not commented well, commen...   \n",
       "27                                            64-sent   \n",
       "28  q1a - You had to return just the string \"Alaba...   \n",
       "29                                            64-sent   \n",
       "30  q1a - return just the string, not in list form...   \n",
       "31                                            98-sent   \n",
       "32  q4b - pair() is not working properly for few t...   \n",
       "\n",
       "   No attempt: -14, wrong: -1..-12, bonus 0..14  \\\n",
       "0                                         Lab 5   \n",
       "1                                             0   \n",
       "2                                           NaN   \n",
       "3                                           NaN   \n",
       "4                                           NaN   \n",
       "5                                           NaN   \n",
       "6                                           NaN   \n",
       "7                                           NaN   \n",
       "8                                           NaN   \n",
       "9                                           NaN   \n",
       "10                                          NaN   \n",
       "11                                          NaN   \n",
       "12                                          NaN   \n",
       "13                                          NaN   \n",
       "14                                          NaN   \n",
       "15                                          NaN   \n",
       "16                                          NaN   \n",
       "17                                          NaN   \n",
       "18                                          NaN   \n",
       "19                                          NaN   \n",
       "20                                          NaN   \n",
       "21                                          NaN   \n",
       "22                                          NaN   \n",
       "23                                          NaN   \n",
       "24                                          NaN   \n",
       "25                                          NaN   \n",
       "26                                          NaN   \n",
       "27                                          NaN   \n",
       "28                                          NaN   \n",
       "29                                          NaN   \n",
       "30                                          NaN   \n",
       "31                                          NaN   \n",
       "32                                          NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "    No attempt: -15, wrong: -1..-12, bonus 0..5  \\\n",
       "0                                           NaN   \n",
       "1                                           0.0   \n",
       "2                                           NaN   \n",
       "3                                           NaN   \n",
       "4                                           NaN   \n",
       "5                                           NaN   \n",
       "6                                           NaN   \n",
       "7                                           NaN   \n",
       "8                                           NaN   \n",
       "9                                           NaN   \n",
       "10                                          NaN   \n",
       "11                                          NaN   \n",
       "12                                          NaN   \n",
       "13                                          NaN   \n",
       "14                                          NaN   \n",
       "15                                          NaN   \n",
       "16                                          NaN   \n",
       "17                                          NaN   \n",
       "18                                          NaN   \n",
       "19                                          NaN   \n",
       "20                                          NaN   \n",
       "21                                          NaN   \n",
       "22                                          NaN   \n",
       "23                                          NaN   \n",
       "24                                          NaN   \n",
       "25                                          NaN   \n",
       "26                                          NaN   \n",
       "27                                          NaN   \n",
       "28                                          NaN   \n",
       "29                                          NaN   \n",
       "30                                          NaN   \n",
       "31                                          NaN   \n",
       "32                                          NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "   No attempt: -14, wrong: -1..-12 Unnamed: 8  \n",
       "0                            Lab 7     Exam 2  \n",
       "1                                0          0  \n",
       "2                              NaN        NaN  \n",
       "3                              NaN        NaN  \n",
       "4                              NaN        NaN  \n",
       "5                              NaN        NaN  \n",
       "6                              NaN        NaN  \n",
       "7                              NaN        NaN  \n",
       "8                              NaN        NaN  \n",
       "9                              NaN        NaN  \n",
       "10                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "11                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "12                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "13                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "14                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "15                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "16                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "17                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "18                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "19                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "20                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "21                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "22                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "23                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "24                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "25                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "26                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "27                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "28                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "29                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "30                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "31                             NaN        NaN  \n",
       "32                             NaN        NaN  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Let's start fixing these issues. First we can just drop the first line. There are lots of ways of doing so... easiest would be to use some of the command line unix utilities we became familiar with in the beginning of the course. First let's count the lines:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "     179 Data-1401-Grades.csv\r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!wc -l Data-1401-Grades.csv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can use the unix command `tail` to write out the last $n$ lines of a file... let's use it to drop the first line:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Lab 1,Lab 2,Lab 3,Lab 4,Exam 1,Lab 5,,Lab 7,Exam 2\r",
      "\r\n",
      ",0,0,,0,0,0,0,0\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,no solution,-did not submit the Lab,,did not submit the exam,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,96,46,,68-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "Completed the lab,\"ex4- attempted,wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex8 -wrong solution(sequence not correct) -2\",\"ex1 - Nameerror get_size() is not defined(-2)\r\n",
      "ex2 - returns -1 for all conditions, does not test for all conditions.(-3)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board(-5)\r\n",
      "ex4 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex5 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex6 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex7 - no construction of board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10 - does not create board for 5*5 (-4)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted \",,\"q1c - does not return the list instead returns the range(-5)\r\n",
      "q2 - output is wrong, output should had been [4, 5, 60], \r\n",
      "[8, 10, 120],[12, 15, 180] (-5)\r\n",
      "q3a - should be in a list format (-2)\r\n",
      "q3b - Just generated the histogram.output does not have x90 value.(-10)\r\n",
      "q4a - should return the highest card instead of True for flush(), Straight(), straight_flush()(-6)\r\n",
      "q4b - three_of_a_kind(), pair() returns None even for the condition being True(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,100,90,,88-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "Completed the lab,\"Completed the whole lab\r\n",
      "\",\"ex10 - not attempted (-10)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",\"ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\",\"note - try to use better variable names\r\n",
      "q3b - does not calculate x90 (-8)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() is working perfectly,straight() & straight_flush() does not work with condition True (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "93,100,24,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "\"ex4 - attempted, wrong answer(-2)\r\n",
      "ex5c - not attempted(-5)\",Completed the whole lab,\"ex2 - returns 1 for winner_2, returns 1 for no winner instead of -1(-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 -  does not construct board for other cases (-4)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"note- try not to use names which are built-in functions in python(eg- min)\r\n",
      "q3b- does not calculate x90, made integral funciton but never ran it. (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,81,0,0,43-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex2-attempted(empty list) -2\r\n",
      "ex3 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex4 -not in proper format(list) -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\",- did not submit the lab,-did not submit the lab,\"q1b - returns the index 0 instead of 23 as mentioned in the question (-3)\r\n",
      "q2 - no attempt (-25)\r\n",
      "q3a,q3b - no attempt (-25)\r\n",
      "q4a - straight(), straight_flush() should return None instead of False,return highest card instead of True for straight() (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,100,105,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5)                  ,Completed the whole lab,\"ex5 - does not draw board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex11 - +10\",,\"q4b - Implementation correct , gives NameError 'h' not defined while running the code\r\n",
      "(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,98,87,,89-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "completed the lab,\"ex10 - attempted, solution wrong(nameerror-guess not defined) -2\",\"ex2 - flips for condition 'also_no_winner' returns 2 instead of 0(-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board as given in ques (-4)\r\n",
      "ex4 - creates 3 * 2 board for \"\"also_no_winner\"\" instead of 3*3 (-3)\r\n",
      "ex5 - does not create row C for \"\"also_no_winner\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex8 - Nameerror \"\"move_good\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q3a - did not print the result(-2)\r\n",
      "q3b- solution incomplete. Output close but not correct. (-5)\r\n",
      "q4a - Gives the second highest value on straight() (-2)\r\n",
      "q4b - Implementation does not seem right, wrong output for three_of_a_kind,pair() (-2)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,98,50,,52,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5),\"ex8 - wrong solution, sequence should be 1,1,.. -2\r\n",
      "\",\"ex1 - works for only 1 condition, does not return the expected output(-6)\r\n",
      "ex4- does not construct the board fully (-3)\r\n",
      "ex5 - Typeerror (-5)\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q1a,q1b,q1c - incomplete function. Does not have any function in all three parts of question. (-25)\r\n",
      "q2 - wrong logic, solution (-8)\r\n",
      "q3b- solution incomplete, does not calculate the value of x90 (-6)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() returns letter instead of highest card, straight() returns True instead of highest card, straight_flush() returns letter instead of highest card (-5)\r\n",
      "q4b - does not work for pair(), returns None for True condition (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,96,98,,100-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5),\"ex8 - should start from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - generates an invalid response on entering a number -2\",\"ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,excellent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,78,37,,67,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex1 - 1 function(odd) missing -2\r\n",
      "ex2 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex3 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - should be a list -2\r\n",
      "ex5 - return a list -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - attempted, sequence missing -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - nameerror(string not defined) -2\",\"ex1 - Nameerror \"\"game_board\"\" not defined (-2)\r\n",
      "ex2 - does not work for most of the test cases (-4)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board correctly(-3)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9 - does not use the notation A2, C1,etc, or constructs the board(-4)\",,\"-Late submission -10\r\n",
      "q1b - Nameerror  (-3)\r\n",
      "q3b - NameError: name 'data' is not defined, does not calculate the value of x90 (-8)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() gives error instead of returning the highest value card, straight() returns False instead of None, straight_flush() gives nameerror \"\"stright\"\" not defined(-6)\r\n",
      "q4b - Nameerror in both the functions pair and three_of_kind, values not defined correctly, variables not initiated properly(-6)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,76,,,0,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex1 - syntax error -2\r\n",
      "ex3 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex5 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex6 - syntax error -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - attempted no solution -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - Typerror -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "\",,,-did not submit the exam,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,89,0,0,66-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 5c missing(-5),\"ex7 - condition not working on rock and scissors -2\r\n",
      "ex8-  sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question. -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - wrong solution, user should have been given the input if number is higher or lower -2\",-did not submit the Lab,-did not submit the Lab,\"q2- should not be using numpy(built in functions) -5\r\n",
      "q3b- no value of x90, made q6 function but never used. (-4)\r\n",
      "q4a - not attempted(-12.5)\r\n",
      "q4b - not attempted(-12.5)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "98,94,35,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 4 attempted but not correct(-2),\"ex3 - wrong solution(attempted) -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - wrong solution(not generating correct list) -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - NameError: name 'py1' is not defined -2\",\"ex2 - does not return  -1, 0, 1, or 2 , returns None (-5)\r\n",
      "ex4 - Syntax Error (-2)\r\n",
      "ex4 - NameError: name 'insertLetter' is not defined(-2)\r\n",
      "ex5 - Incomplete function (-6)\r\n",
      "ex6- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q2- Right logic but not commented well, comment out the lines properly (-2)\r\n",
      "q4b - three_of_kind gives None for True condition (-2)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "93,77,23,,64-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "\"ex3 attempted no solution, 5c missing(-7)\",\"ex3 - should have taken list of numbers as in q2  -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - attempt, wrong solution(should include 1 as divisor) -2\r\n",
      "ex6 - should have given True for the palindrome string -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "\",\"ex2 - returns 1 instead of 0 for \"\"no_winner\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 - gives Index Error, function incomplete (-5)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",\"ex7 -not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\",\"q1a - You had to return just the string \"\"Alabama\"\" and not the whole list (-2)\r\n",
      "q3b - not attempted(-12.5)\r\n",
      "q4a,q4b - only flush function attempted(-7)\r\n",
      "q4b - not attempted (-12.5)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,96,88,,64-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "completed,\"ex8 - Sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - invalid response -2\r\n",
      "ex8,ex5,ex7,ex10 - solution exactly same as Will Anderson(git commit 13days ago)\",\"ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\r\n",
      "ex9 - game not implemented (-5)\r\n",
      "ex10 - game not implemented, only board created (-5)\r\n",
      "solution matches with another student Will Anderson\",,\"q1a - return just the string, not in list format(-2)\r\n",
      "q1b - throwing valueerror (-3)\r\n",
      "q2 - its  two 1-dimensional list multiplication and what you did is multiplication of 2d matrix (-15)\r\n",
      "q3b- not correct, gives NameError(-6)\r\n",
      "q4a - string in hand is not working for any of the functions (-6)\r\n",
      "q4b -  No output, giving Typeerror(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,94,60,,98-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 5c missing(-5),\"ex3 - incomplete function -3\r\n",
      "ex10 - incomplete function -3\",\"ex7- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,q4b - pair() is not working properly for few test cases. (-2),,,,"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!tail -179 Data-1401-Grades.csv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can use unix redirection to write the output into another file:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!tail -179 Data-1401-Grades.csv > Data-1401-Grades-Fixed.csv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Let's see the result:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Lab 1,Lab 2,Lab 3,Lab 4,Exam 1,Lab 5,,Lab 7,Exam 2\r",
      "\r\n",
      ",0,0,,0,0,0,0,0\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,no solution,-did not submit the Lab,,did not submit the exam,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,96,46,,68-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "Completed the lab,\"ex4- attempted,wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex8 -wrong solution(sequence not correct) -2\",\"ex1 - Nameerror get_size() is not defined(-2)\r\n",
      "ex2 - returns -1 for all conditions, does not test for all conditions.(-3)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board(-5)\r\n",
      "ex4 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex5 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex6 - does not construct the board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex7 - no construction of board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10 - does not create board for 5*5 (-4)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted \",,\"q1c - does not return the list instead returns the range(-5)\r\n",
      "q2 - output is wrong, output should had been [4, 5, 60], \r\n",
      "[8, 10, 120],[12, 15, 180] (-5)\r\n",
      "q3a - should be in a list format (-2)\r\n",
      "q3b - Just generated the histogram.output does not have x90 value.(-10)\r\n",
      "q4a - should return the highest card instead of True for flush(), Straight(), straight_flush()(-6)\r\n",
      "q4b - three_of_a_kind(), pair() returns None even for the condition being True(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,100,90,,88-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "Completed the lab,\"Completed the whole lab\r\n",
      "\",\"ex10 - not attempted (-10)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",\"ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\",\"note - try to use better variable names\r\n",
      "q3b - does not calculate x90 (-8)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() is working perfectly,straight() & straight_flush() does not work with condition True (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "93,100,24,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "\"ex4 - attempted, wrong answer(-2)\r\n",
      "ex5c - not attempted(-5)\",Completed the whole lab,\"ex2 - returns 1 for winner_2, returns 1 for no winner instead of -1(-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 -  does not construct board for other cases (-4)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"note- try not to use names which are built-in functions in python(eg- min)\r\n",
      "q3b- does not calculate x90, made integral funciton but never ran it. (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,81,0,0,43-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex2-attempted(empty list) -2\r\n",
      "ex3 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex4 -not in proper format(list) -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\",- did not submit the lab,-did not submit the lab,\"q1b - returns the index 0 instead of 23 as mentioned in the question (-3)\r\n",
      "q2 - no attempt (-25)\r\n",
      "q3a,q3b - no attempt (-25)\r\n",
      "q4a - straight(), straight_flush() should return None instead of False,return highest card instead of True for straight() (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,100,105,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5)                  ,Completed the whole lab,\"ex5 - does not draw board (-5)\r\n",
      "ex11 - +10\",,\"q4b - Implementation correct , gives NameError 'h' not defined while running the code\r\n",
      "(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,98,87,,89-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "completed the lab,\"ex10 - attempted, solution wrong(nameerror-guess not defined) -2\",\"ex2 - flips for condition 'also_no_winner' returns 2 instead of 0(-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board as given in ques (-4)\r\n",
      "ex4 - creates 3 * 2 board for \"\"also_no_winner\"\" instead of 3*3 (-3)\r\n",
      "ex5 - does not create row C for \"\"also_no_winner\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex8 - Nameerror \"\"move_good\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q3a - did not print the result(-2)\r\n",
      "q3b- solution incomplete. Output close but not correct. (-5)\r\n",
      "q4a - Gives the second highest value on straight() (-2)\r\n",
      "q4b - Implementation does not seem right, wrong output for three_of_a_kind,pair() (-2)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,98,50,,52,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5),\"ex8 - wrong solution, sequence should be 1,1,.. -2\r\n",
      "\",\"ex1 - works for only 1 condition, does not return the expected output(-6)\r\n",
      "ex4- does not construct the board fully (-3)\r\n",
      "ex5 - Typeerror (-5)\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q1a,q1b,q1c - incomplete function. Does not have any function in all three parts of question. (-25)\r\n",
      "q2 - wrong logic, solution (-8)\r\n",
      "q3b- solution incomplete, does not calculate the value of x90 (-6)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() returns letter instead of highest card, straight() returns True instead of highest card, straight_flush() returns letter instead of highest card (-5)\r\n",
      "q4b - does not work for pair(), returns None for True condition (-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,96,98,,100-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "-ex5c missing(-5),\"ex8 - should start from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - generates an invalid response on entering a number -2\",\"ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,excellent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,78,37,,67,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex1 - 1 function(odd) missing -2\r\n",
      "ex2 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex3 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - should be a list -2\r\n",
      "ex5 - return a list -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - attempted, sequence missing -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - nameerror(string not defined) -2\",\"ex1 - Nameerror \"\"game_board\"\" not defined (-2)\r\n",
      "ex2 - does not work for most of the test cases (-4)\r\n",
      "ex3 - does not construct board correctly(-3)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9 - does not use the notation A2, C1,etc, or constructs the board(-4)\",,\"-Late submission -10\r\n",
      "q1b - Nameerror  (-3)\r\n",
      "q3b - NameError: name 'data' is not defined, does not calculate the value of x90 (-8)\r\n",
      "q4a - flush() gives error instead of returning the highest value card, straight() returns False instead of None, straight_flush() gives nameerror \"\"stright\"\" not defined(-6)\r\n",
      "q4b - Nameerror in both the functions pair and three_of_kind, values not defined correctly, variables not initiated properly(-6)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "0,76,,,0,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "no solution,\"ex1 - syntax error -2\r\n",
      "ex3 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex5 - wrong solution -2\r\n",
      "ex6 - syntax error -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - attempted no solution -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - Typerror -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "\",,,-did not submit the exam,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,89,0,0,66-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 5c missing(-5),\"ex7 - condition not working on rock and scissors -2\r\n",
      "ex8-  sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question. -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - wrong solution, user should have been given the input if number is higher or lower -2\",-did not submit the Lab,-did not submit the Lab,\"q2- should not be using numpy(built in functions) -5\r\n",
      "q3b- no value of x90, made q6 function but never used. (-4)\r\n",
      "q4a - not attempted(-12.5)\r\n",
      "q4b - not attempted(-12.5)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "98,94,35,,96-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 4 attempted but not correct(-2),\"ex3 - wrong solution(attempted) -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - wrong solution(not generating correct list) -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - NameError: name 'py1' is not defined -2\",\"ex2 - does not return  -1, 0, 1, or 2 , returns None (-5)\r\n",
      "ex4 - Syntax Error (-2)\r\n",
      "ex4 - NameError: name 'insertLetter' is not defined(-2)\r\n",
      "ex5 - Incomplete function (-6)\r\n",
      "ex6- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,\"q2- Right logic but not commented well, comment out the lines properly (-2)\r\n",
      "q4b - three_of_kind gives None for True condition (-2)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "93,77,23,,64-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "\"ex3 attempted no solution, 5c missing(-7)\",\"ex3 - should have taken list of numbers as in q2  -2\r\n",
      "ex4 - attempt, wrong solution(should include 1 as divisor) -2\r\n",
      "ex6 - should have given True for the palindrome string -2\r\n",
      "ex7 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex8 - sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex9 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "ex10 - no solution -5\r\n",
      "\",\"ex2 - returns 1 instead of 0 for \"\"no_winner\"\" (-2)\r\n",
      "ex3 - gives Index Error, function incomplete (-5)\r\n",
      "ex4-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex5-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex6-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex7-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10-not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",\"ex7 -not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\",\"q1a - You had to return just the string \"\"Alabama\"\" and not the whole list (-2)\r\n",
      "q3b - not attempted(-12.5)\r\n",
      "q4a,q4b - only flush function attempted(-7)\r\n",
      "q4b - not attempted (-12.5)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "100,96,88,,64-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "completed,\"ex8 - Sequence should have started from 1 as given in the question -2\r\n",
      "ex10 - invalid response -2\r\n",
      "ex8,ex5,ex7,ex10 - solution exactly same as Will Anderson(git commit 13days ago)\",\"ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\r\n",
      "ex9 - game not implemented (-5)\r\n",
      "ex10 - game not implemented, only board created (-5)\r\n",
      "solution matches with another student Will Anderson\",,\"q1a - return just the string, not in list format(-2)\r\n",
      "q1b - throwing valueerror (-3)\r\n",
      "q2 - its  two 1-dimensional list multiplication and what you did is multiplication of 2d matrix (-15)\r\n",
      "q3b- not correct, gives NameError(-6)\r\n",
      "q4a - string in hand is not working for any of the functions (-6)\r\n",
      "q4b -  No output, giving Typeerror(-4)\",,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "95,94,60,,98-sent,,,,\r",
      "\r\n",
      "ex 5c missing(-5),\"ex3 - incomplete function -3\r\n",
      "ex10 - incomplete function -3\",\"ex7- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex8- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex9- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex10- not attempted\r\n",
      "ex11 - not attempted\",,q4b - pair() is not working properly for few test cases. (-2),,,,"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!cat Data-1401-Grades-Fixed.csv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Let's try reading the new file now:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"Data-1401-Grades-Fixed.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 3</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 4</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 5</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 6</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 7</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 2</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the Lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>did not submit the exam</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex4- attempted,wrong solution -2\\nex8 -wrong s...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - Nameerror get_size() is not defined(-2)\\...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1c - does not return the list instead returns...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the whole lab\\n</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex10 - not attempted (-10)\\nex11 - not attempted</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex8-not attempted\\nex9- not attempted</td>\n",
       "      <td>note - try to use better variable names\\nq3b -...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex4 - attempted, wrong answer(-2)\\nex5c - not ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the whole lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2 - returns 1 for winner_2, returns 1 for no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>note- try not to use names which are built-in ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2-attempted(empty list) -2\\nex3 - no solutio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>- did not submit the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1b - returns the index 0 instead of 23 as men...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>-ex5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Completed the whole lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex5 - does not draw board (-5)\\nex11 - +10</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q4b - Implementation correct , gives NameError...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>completed the lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex10 - attempted, solution wrong(nameerror-gue...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2 - flips for condition 'also_no_winner' ret...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q3a - did not print the result(-2)\\nq3b- solut...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>-ex5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex8 - wrong solution, sequence should be 1,1,....</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - works for only 1 condition, does not ret...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1a,q1b,q1c - incomplete function. Does not ha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>-ex5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex8 - should start from 1 as given in the ques...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\\nex11 ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>excellent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - 1 function(odd) missing -2\\nex2 - no sol...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - Nameerror \"game_board\" not defined (-2)\\...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-Late submission -10\\nq1b - Nameerror  (-3)\\nq...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>no solution</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex1 - syntax error -2\\nex3 - wrong solution -2...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the exam</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex 5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex7 - condition not working on rock and scisso...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the Lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>-did not submit the Lab</td>\n",
       "      <td>q2- should not be using numpy(built in functio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex 4 attempted but not correct(-2)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex3 - wrong solution(attempted) -2\\nex4 - wron...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2 - does not return  -1, 0, 1, or 2 , return...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q2- Right logic but not commented well, commen...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex3 attempted no solution, 5c missing(-7)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex3 - should have taken list of numbers as in ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex2 - returns 1 instead of 0 for \"no_winner\" (...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex7 -not attempted\\nex8- not attempted\\nex9- n...</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1a - You had to return just the string \"Alaba...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>completed</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex8 - Sequence should have started from 1 as g...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\\nex9 -...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q1a - return just the string, not in list form...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>ex 5c missing(-5)</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex3 - incomplete function -3\\nex10 - incomplet...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ex7- not attempted\\nex8- not attempted\\nex9- n...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>q4b - pair() is not working properly for few t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                Lab 1  \\\n",
       "0                                                 NaN   \n",
       "1                                         no solution   \n",
       "2                                                 100   \n",
       "3                                   Completed the lab   \n",
       "4                                                 100   \n",
       "5                                   Completed the lab   \n",
       "6                                                  93   \n",
       "7   ex4 - attempted, wrong answer(-2)\\nex5c - not ...   \n",
       "8                                                   0   \n",
       "9                                         no solution   \n",
       "10                                                 95   \n",
       "11                -ex5c missing(-5)                     \n",
       "12                                                100   \n",
       "13                                  completed the lab   \n",
       "14                                                 95   \n",
       "15                                  -ex5c missing(-5)   \n",
       "16                                                 95   \n",
       "17                                  -ex5c missing(-5)   \n",
       "18                                                  0   \n",
       "19                                        no solution   \n",
       "20                                                  0   \n",
       "21                                        no solution   \n",
       "22                                                 95   \n",
       "23                                  ex 5c missing(-5)   \n",
       "24                                                 98   \n",
       "25                 ex 4 attempted but not correct(-2)   \n",
       "26                                                 93   \n",
       "27          ex3 attempted no solution, 5c missing(-7)   \n",
       "28                                                100   \n",
       "29                                          completed   \n",
       "30                                                 95   \n",
       "31                                  ex 5c missing(-5)   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                Lab 2  \\\n",
       "0                                                   0   \n",
       "1                                         no solution   \n",
       "2                                                  96   \n",
       "3   ex4- attempted,wrong solution -2\\nex8 -wrong s...   \n",
       "4                                                 100   \n",
       "5                           Completed the whole lab\\n   \n",
       "6                                                 100   \n",
       "7                             Completed the whole lab   \n",
       "8                                                  81   \n",
       "9   ex2-attempted(empty list) -2\\nex3 - no solutio...   \n",
       "10                                                100   \n",
       "11                            Completed the whole lab   \n",
       "12                                                 98   \n",
       "13  ex10 - attempted, solution wrong(nameerror-gue...   \n",
       "14                                                 98   \n",
       "15  ex8 - wrong solution, sequence should be 1,1,....   \n",
       "16                                                 96   \n",
       "17  ex8 - should start from 1 as given in the ques...   \n",
       "18                                                 78   \n",
       "19  ex1 - 1 function(odd) missing -2\\nex2 - no sol...   \n",
       "20                                                 76   \n",
       "21  ex1 - syntax error -2\\nex3 - wrong solution -2...   \n",
       "22                                                 89   \n",
       "23  ex7 - condition not working on rock and scisso...   \n",
       "24                                                 94   \n",
       "25  ex3 - wrong solution(attempted) -2\\nex4 - wron...   \n",
       "26                                                 77   \n",
       "27  ex3 - should have taken list of numbers as in ...   \n",
       "28                                                 96   \n",
       "29  ex8 - Sequence should have started from 1 as g...   \n",
       "30                                                 94   \n",
       "31  ex3 - incomplete function -3\\nex10 - incomplet...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                Lab 3  \\\n",
       "0                                                   0   \n",
       "1                             -did not submit the Lab   \n",
       "2                                                  46   \n",
       "3   ex1 - Nameerror get_size() is not defined(-2)\\...   \n",
       "4                                                  90   \n",
       "5    ex10 - not attempted (-10)\\nex11 - not attempted   \n",
       "6                                                  24   \n",
       "7   ex2 - returns 1 for winner_2, returns 1 for no...   \n",
       "8                                                   0   \n",
       "9                            - did not submit the lab   \n",
       "10                                                105   \n",
       "11         ex5 - does not draw board (-5)\\nex11 - +10   \n",
       "12                                                 87   \n",
       "13  ex2 - flips for condition 'also_no_winner' ret...   \n",
       "14                                                 50   \n",
       "15  ex1 - works for only 1 condition, does not ret...   \n",
       "16                                                 98   \n",
       "17  ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\\nex11 ...   \n",
       "18                                                 37   \n",
       "19  ex1 - Nameerror \"game_board\" not defined (-2)\\...   \n",
       "20                                                NaN   \n",
       "21                                                NaN   \n",
       "22                                                  0   \n",
       "23                            -did not submit the Lab   \n",
       "24                                                 35   \n",
       "25  ex2 - does not return  -1, 0, 1, or 2 , return...   \n",
       "26                                                 23   \n",
       "27  ex2 - returns 1 instead of 0 for \"no_winner\" (...   \n",
       "28                                                 88   \n",
       "29  ex5 - does not return True or False(-2)\\nex9 -...   \n",
       "30                                                 60   \n",
       "31  ex7- not attempted\\nex8- not attempted\\nex9- n...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                Lab 4  \\\n",
       "0                                                 NaN   \n",
       "1                                                 NaN   \n",
       "2                                                 NaN   \n",
       "3                                                 NaN   \n",
       "4                                                 NaN   \n",
       "5               ex8-not attempted\\nex9- not attempted   \n",
       "6                                                 NaN   \n",
       "7                                                 NaN   \n",
       "8                                                   0   \n",
       "9                             -did not submit the lab   \n",
       "10                                                NaN   \n",
       "11                                                NaN   \n",
       "12                                                NaN   \n",
       "13                                                NaN   \n",
       "14                                                NaN   \n",
       "15                                                NaN   \n",
       "16                                                NaN   \n",
       "17                                                NaN   \n",
       "18                                                NaN   \n",
       "19                                                NaN   \n",
       "20                                                NaN   \n",
       "21                                                NaN   \n",
       "22                                                  0   \n",
       "23                            -did not submit the Lab   \n",
       "24                                                NaN   \n",
       "25                                                NaN   \n",
       "26                                                NaN   \n",
       "27  ex7 -not attempted\\nex8- not attempted\\nex9- n...   \n",
       "28                                                NaN   \n",
       "29                                                NaN   \n",
       "30                                                NaN   \n",
       "31                                                NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               Exam 1  Lab 5  Unnamed: 6  \\\n",
       "0                                                   0    0.0         0.0   \n",
       "1                             did not submit the exam    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "2                                             68-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "3   q1c - does not return the list instead returns...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "4                                             88-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "5   note - try to use better variable names\\nq3b -...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "6                                             96-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "7   note- try not to use names which are built-in ...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "8                                             43-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "9   q1b - returns the index 0 instead of 23 as men...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "10                                            96-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "11  q4b - Implementation correct , gives NameError...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "12                                            89-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "13  q3a - did not print the result(-2)\\nq3b- solut...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "14                                                 52    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "15  q1a,q1b,q1c - incomplete function. Does not ha...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "16                                           100-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "17                                          excellent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "18                                                 67    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "19  -Late submission -10\\nq1b - Nameerror  (-3)\\nq...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "20                                                  0    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "21                           -did not submit the exam    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "22                                            66-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "23  q2- should not be using numpy(built in functio...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "24                                            96-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "25  q2- Right logic but not commented well, commen...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "26                                            64-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "27  q1a - You had to return just the string \"Alaba...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "28                                            64-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "29  q1a - return just the string, not in list form...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "30                                            98-sent    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "31  q4b - pair() is not working properly for few t...    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Lab 7  Exam 2  \n",
       "0     0.0     0.0  \n",
       "1     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "2     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "3     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "4     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "5     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "6     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "7     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "8     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "9     NaN     NaN  \n",
       "10    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "11    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "12    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "13    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "14    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "15    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "16    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "17    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "18    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "19    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "20    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "21    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "22    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "23    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "24    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "25    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "26    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "27    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "28    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "29    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "30    NaN     NaN  \n",
       "31    NaN     NaN  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now we have to deal with the problem that every other line contains information we don't need. For example:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0                                                   NaN\n",
       "1                                           no solution\n",
       "2                                                   100\n",
       "3                                     Completed the lab\n",
       "4                                                   100\n",
       "5                                     Completed the lab\n",
       "6                                                    93\n",
       "7     ex4 - attempted, wrong answer(-2)\\nex5c - not ...\n",
       "8                                                     0\n",
       "9                                           no solution\n",
       "10                                                   95\n",
       "11                  -ex5c missing(-5)                  \n",
       "12                                                  100\n",
       "13                                    completed the lab\n",
       "14                                                   95\n",
       "15                                    -ex5c missing(-5)\n",
       "16                                                   95\n",
       "17                                    -ex5c missing(-5)\n",
       "18                                                    0\n",
       "19                                          no solution\n",
       "20                                                    0\n",
       "21                                          no solution\n",
       "22                                                   95\n",
       "23                                    ex 5c missing(-5)\n",
       "24                                                   98\n",
       "25                   ex 4 attempted but not correct(-2)\n",
       "26                                                   93\n",
       "27            ex3 attempted no solution, 5c missing(-7)\n",
       "28                                                  100\n",
       "29                                            completed\n",
       "30                                                   95\n",
       "31                                    ex 5c missing(-5)\n",
       "Name: Lab 1, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[\"Lab 1\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The data is now in memory stored as a data frame. Let's take a few minutes and go over the features of DataFrame from the Pandas documentation:\n",
    "\n",
    "* [Pandas Data Structures](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/dsintro.html#dsintro)\n",
    "* [Pandas DataFrame in 10 minutes](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/10min.html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can deal with the \"every-other-line\" problem by using Pandas to create a new DataFrame from select row of our existing DataFrame using boolean indexing. Basically if you use index a DataFrame with a list of booleans with the same length as the number of rows in the DataFrame, it'll use the booleans to select the rows. So we need a list containing of alternating True/False booleans:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False,\n",
       " True,\n",
       " False]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mask=list()\n",
    "for i in range(16):\n",
    "    mask.append(True)\n",
    "    mask.append(False)\n",
    "mask"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_0=df[mask]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 3</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 4</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 5</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 6</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 7</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 2</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4    Exam 1  Lab 5  Unnamed: 6  Lab 7  Exam 2\n",
       "0    NaN     0     0   NaN         0    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0\n",
       "2    100    96    46   NaN   68-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "4    100   100    90   NaN   88-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "6     93   100    24   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "8      0    81     0     0   43-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "10    95   100   105   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "12   100    98    87   NaN   89-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "14    95    98    50   NaN        52    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "16    95    96    98   NaN  100-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "18     0    78    37   NaN        67    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "20     0    76   NaN   NaN         0    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "22    95    89     0     0   66-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "24    98    94    35   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "26    93    77    23   NaN   64-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "28   100    96    88   NaN   64-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN\n",
       "30    95    94    60   NaN   98-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Next, we have to fix the \"Exam 1\" column and remove \"-sent\" from it. Here's the plan:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Ask DataFrame for the column.\n",
    "1. Convert Column into a list.\n",
    "1. Fix every item of the list\n",
    "    1. Remove \"-sent\"\n",
    "    1. Convert to int (from string)\n",
    "1. Add back the fixed list as a new column."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0            0\n",
       "2      68-sent\n",
       "4      88-sent\n",
       "6      96-sent\n",
       "8      43-sent\n",
       "10     96-sent\n",
       "12     89-sent\n",
       "14          52\n",
       "16    100-sent\n",
       "18          67\n",
       "20           0\n",
       "22     66-sent\n",
       "24     96-sent\n",
       "26     64-sent\n",
       "28     64-sent\n",
       "30     98-sent\n",
       "Name: Exam 1, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 1\n",
    "df_0[\"Exam 1\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['0',\n",
       " '68-sent',\n",
       " '88-sent',\n",
       " '96-sent',\n",
       " '43-sent',\n",
       " '96-sent',\n",
       " '89-sent',\n",
       " '52',\n",
       " '100-sent',\n",
       " '67',\n",
       " '0',\n",
       " '66-sent',\n",
       " '96-sent',\n",
       " '64-sent',\n",
       " '64-sent',\n",
       " '98-sent']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#2\n",
    "df_0[\"Exam 1\"].tolist()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['0',\n",
       " '68',\n",
       " '88',\n",
       " '96',\n",
       " '43',\n",
       " '96',\n",
       " '89',\n",
       " '52',\n",
       " '100',\n",
       " '67',\n",
       " '0',\n",
       " '66',\n",
       " '96',\n",
       " '64',\n",
       " '64',\n",
       " '98']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#3A\n",
    "list(map(lambda x: x.split(\"-\")[0] ,df_0[\"Exam 1\"].tolist()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 68, 88, 96, 43, 96, 89, 52, 100, 67, 0, 66, 96, 64, 64, 98]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#3B\n",
    "list(map(lambda x: int(x.split(\"-\")[0]) ,df_0[\"Exam 1\"].tolist()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/var/folders/zy/0rgyywr10tq2p0l5lkdf14v80000gq/T/ipykernel_15419/550042685.py:2: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.\n",
      "Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead\n",
      "\n",
      "See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy\n",
      "  df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"] = list(map(lambda x: int(x.split(\"-\")[0]) ,df_0[\"Exam 1\"].tolist()))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#4\n",
    "df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"] = list(map(lambda x: int(x.split(\"-\")[0]) ,df_0[\"Exam 1\"].tolist()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We finally have the exam data in a `DataFrame` in a way we can use it: "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 3</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 4</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 5</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 6</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 7</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1 Fixed</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4    Exam 1  Lab 5  Unnamed: 6  Lab 7  Exam 2  \\\n",
       "0    NaN     0     0   NaN         0    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "2    100    96    46   NaN   68-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "4    100   100    90   NaN   88-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "6     93   100    24   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "8      0    81     0     0   43-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "10    95   100   105   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "12   100    98    87   NaN   89-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "14    95    98    50   NaN        52    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "16    95    96    98   NaN  100-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "18     0    78    37   NaN        67    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "20     0    76   NaN   NaN         0    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "22    95    89     0     0   66-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "24    98    94    35   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "26    93    77    23   NaN   64-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "28   100    96    88   NaN   64-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "30    95    94    60   NaN   98-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Exam 1 Fixed  \n",
       "0              0  \n",
       "2             68  \n",
       "4             88  \n",
       "6             96  \n",
       "8             43  \n",
       "10            96  \n",
       "12            89  \n",
       "14            52  \n",
       "16           100  \n",
       "18            67  \n",
       "20             0  \n",
       "22            66  \n",
       "24            96  \n",
       "26            64  \n",
       "28            64  \n",
       "30            98  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Data Visualization / Analysis"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "First thing, make a histogram:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([2., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
       "        1., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 2., 2., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
       "        0., 2., 0., 0., 3., 2.]),\n",
       " array([  0. ,   2.5,   5. ,   7.5,  10. ,  12.5,  15. ,  17.5,  20. ,\n",
       "         22.5,  25. ,  27.5,  30. ,  32.5,  35. ,  37.5,  40. ,  42.5,\n",
       "         45. ,  47.5,  50. ,  52.5,  55. ,  57.5,  60. ,  62.5,  65. ,\n",
       "         67.5,  70. ,  72.5,  75. ,  77.5,  80. ,  82.5,  85. ,  87.5,\n",
       "         90. ,  92.5,  95. ,  97.5, 100. ]),\n",
       " <BarContainer object of 40 artists>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.hist(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"],bins=40)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0       0\n",
       "2      68\n",
       "4      88\n",
       "6      96\n",
       "8      43\n",
       "10     96\n",
       "12     89\n",
       "14     52\n",
       "16    100\n",
       "18     67\n",
       "20      0\n",
       "22     66\n",
       "24     96\n",
       "26     64\n",
       "28     64\n",
       "30     98\n",
       "Name: Exam 1 Fixed, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Mean: 67.9375\n",
      "Std: 30.906044615091073\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "print(\"Mean:\",np.mean(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"]))\n",
    "print(\"Std:\",np.std(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The mean/standard deviation is being pulled down/wide by the low grades, lets take them out using selection. Note that applying conditionals to DataFrames and Series give you back a boolean Series:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     False\n",
       "2      True\n",
       "4      True\n",
       "6      True\n",
       "8     False\n",
       "10     True\n",
       "12     True\n",
       "14    False\n",
       "16     True\n",
       "18     True\n",
       "20    False\n",
       "22     True\n",
       "24     True\n",
       "26     True\n",
       "28     True\n",
       "30     True\n",
       "Name: Exam 1 Fixed, dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "min_exam_1=55\n",
    "df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"]>min_exam_1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "exam_1_df=df_0[df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"]>min_exam_1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 3</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 4</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 5</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 6</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 7</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1 Fixed</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4    Exam 1  Lab 5  Unnamed: 6  Lab 7  Exam 2  \\\n",
       "2    100    96    46   NaN   68-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "4    100   100    90   NaN   88-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "6     93   100    24   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "10    95   100   105   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "12   100    98    87   NaN   89-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "16    95    96    98   NaN  100-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "18     0    78    37   NaN        67    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "22    95    89     0     0   66-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "24    98    94    35   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "26    93    77    23   NaN   64-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "28   100    96    88   NaN   64-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "30    95    94    60   NaN   98-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Exam 1 Fixed  \n",
       "2             68  \n",
       "4             88  \n",
       "6             96  \n",
       "10            96  \n",
       "12            89  \n",
       "16           100  \n",
       "18            67  \n",
       "22            66  \n",
       "24            96  \n",
       "26            64  \n",
       "28            64  \n",
       "30            98  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "exam_1_df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Grading Schemes\n",
    "\n",
    "Now that we have our data in a useable data structure, we can start our analysis... first thing, lets look at the distribution:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([4., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 2., 0., 3., 2.]),\n",
       " array([ 64. ,  67.6,  71.2,  74.8,  78.4,  82. ,  85.6,  89.2,  92.8,\n",
       "         96.4, 100. ]),\n",
       " <BarContainer object of 10 artists>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.hist(exam_1_df[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Mean: 82.66666666666667\n",
      "Std: 14.642024753731599\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Mean:\",np.mean(exam_1_df[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"]))\n",
    "print(\"Std:\",np.std(exam_1_df[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now lets apply the some grade boundries to assign letter grades... we'll talk about how we established such boundries in a bit. The point is to assign a approriate number of As, Bs, etc. To determine if the letter grade distribution is acceptable, lets count:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Number of As: 5\n",
      "Number of Bs: 2\n",
      "Number of Cs: 5\n",
      "Number of Ds: 1\n",
      "Number of Fs: 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grades = df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"].tolist()\n",
    "\n",
    "def in_range(a,b):\n",
    "    return lambda x: x<b and x>=a\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Number of As:\",len(list(filter(in_range(90.,101.),grades))))\n",
    "print(\"Number of Bs:\",len(list(filter(in_range(80.,90.),grades))))\n",
    "print(\"Number of Cs:\",len(list(filter(in_range(64.,80.),grades))))\n",
    "print(\"Number of Ds:\",len(list(filter(in_range(50.,64.),grades))))\n",
    "print(\"Number of Fs:\",len(list(filter(in_range(0.,50.),grades))))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def in_range(a,b):\n",
    "    def func(x):        \n",
    "        return x<b and x>=a\n",
    "    return func"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can accomplish the same counting using a histogram:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([3, 1, 5, 2, 5]), array([  0,  50,  64,  80,  90, 101]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.histogram(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"],bins=[0,50,64,80,90,101])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([3., 1., 5., 2., 5.]),\n",
       " array([  0.,  50.,  64.,  80.,  90., 101.]),\n",
       " <BarContainer object of 5 artists>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.hist(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"],bins=[0,50,64,80,90,101])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "There were many steps to what we did above... let's try to put it together into a function we reuse to also grade  labs and other exams. \n",
    "\n",
    "First, let's create a data structure to store the grade boundries, for example:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "grades_0={\"A+\":100,\n",
    "          \"A\":90,\n",
    "          \"B\":80, \n",
    "          \"C\":64,\n",
    "          \"D\":50,\n",
    "          \"F\":0 }"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'A+': 100, 'A': 90, 'B': 80, 'C': 64, 'D': 50, 'F': 0}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grades_0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Might be useful to have the inverse map too:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "grades_inverse=dict(zip(grades_0.values(),grades_0.keys()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{100: 'A+', 90: 'A', 80: 'B', 64: 'C', 50: 'D', 0: 'F'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grades_inverse"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_values([100, 90, 80, 64, 50, 0])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grades_0.values()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "One problem is that python dictionaries are not guaranteed to keep the order, and we are implying that the order matters. Instead we can use an `OrderedDict`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from collections import OrderedDict "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "grades_inverse=OrderedDict(zip(list(grades_0.values())[::-1],\n",
    "                               list(grades_0.keys())[::-1]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "OrderedDict([(0, 'F'),\n",
       "             (50, 'D'),\n",
       "             (64, 'C'),\n",
       "             (80, 'B'),\n",
       "             (90, 'A'),\n",
       "             (100, 'A+')])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grades_inverse"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "grades=OrderedDict(zip(list(grades_0.keys())[::-1],\n",
    "                       list(grades_0.values())[::-1]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "OrderedDict([('F', 0),\n",
       "             ('D', 50),\n",
       "             ('C', 64),\n",
       "             ('B', 80),\n",
       "             ('A', 90),\n",
       "             ('A+', 100)])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grades"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([3, 1, 5, 2, 5]), array([  0,  50,  64,  80,  90, 100]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.histogram(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"],bins=list(grades.values()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([3., 1., 5., 2., 5.]),\n",
       " array([  0.,  50.,  64.,  80.,  90., 100.]),\n",
       " <BarContainer object of 5 artists>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.hist(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"],bins=list(grades.values()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now we can write the function:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def grade_summary(df_0,grades,min_grade=0.):\n",
    "    df=df_0[df_0>min_grade]\n",
    "    N_total=sum(df>min_grade)\n",
    "    hist,bins=np.histogram(df,bins=list(grades.values()))\n",
    "\n",
    "    print(\"Mean:\",np.mean(df))\n",
    "    print(\"Std:\",np.std(df))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    for grade_letter,bin_count in zip(grades.keys(),hist):\n",
    "        print(grade_letter+\": \"+str(bin_count),\n",
    "              float(bin_count/N_total) )\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Mean: 77.64285714285714\n",
      "Std: 18.38713503224136\n",
      "F: 1 0.07142857142857142\n",
      "D: 1 0.07142857142857142\n",
      "C: 5 0.35714285714285715\n",
      "B: 2 0.14285714285714285\n",
      "A: 5 0.35714285714285715\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grade_summary(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"],grades)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Mean: 82.66666666666667\n",
      "Std: 14.642024753731599\n",
      "F: 0 0.0\n",
      "D: 0 0.0\n",
      "C: 5 0.4166666666666667\n",
      "B: 2 0.16666666666666666\n",
      "A: 5 0.4166666666666667\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grade_summary(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"],grades,55)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "How about something that implements a bell curve?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def compute_curve(df_0, min_grade=None):\n",
    "\n",
    "    if min_grade:\n",
    "        pass\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        min_grade=np.max(df_0)/2.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print(\"Min grade:\",min_grade)\n",
    "\n",
    "    df=df_0[df_0>min_grade]\n",
    "    N_total=sum(df_0>min_grade)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print(\"N Total (post cut):\",N_total)\n",
    "    print(\"N Total (pre cut):\",df_0.shape)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    mean=np.mean(df)\n",
    "    std=np.std(df)\n",
    "\n",
    "    print(\"Mean:\",mean)\n",
    "    print(\"Std:\",std)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    grade_def=[(\"A+\",np.max(df)),\n",
    "               (\"A\", min(np.max(df),mean+std)),\n",
    "               (\"B\",mean), \n",
    "               (\"C\",mean-std),\n",
    "               (\"D\",mean-2*std),\n",
    "               (\"F\",0.)]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    grade_def.reverse()\n",
    "    grades=OrderedDict( grade_def )\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "    hist,bins=np.histogram(df,bins=list(grades.values()))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    _=plt.hist(df)\n",
    "    plt.show()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    for grade_letter,bin_count,min_grade in zip(grades.keys(),hist,grades.values()):\n",
    "        print(\"{:2.2f}\".format(min_grade),\n",
    "              grade_letter+\": \"+str(bin_count),\n",
    "              \"{:2.2f}%\".format(100.*float(bin_count/N_total)) )\n",
    "    return grades\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Min grade: 50.0\n",
      "N Total (post cut): 13\n",
      "N Total (pre cut): (16,)\n",
      "Mean: 80.3076923076923\n",
      "Std: 16.268821598782676\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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5U1NTbN68OXr27BkNDQ3Rv3//WL9+fdTV1VV7FP6f+vp6694GrHvbsO5tw7q3jWqueyklGhoaol+/fu95XEVhcdhhh0WHDh3i5ZdfbrH95Zdfjj59+rzr19TW1kZtbW2LbT169IiIiJqamoiIqKurc+G1AeveNqx727DubcO6t41qrft7vVLxXxW9ebNTp05x8sknx8KFC5u3NTU1xcKFC2PMmDGVTwgA7Fcq/lHItGnTYtKkSTFq1Kj46Ec/Gj//+c9j+/btMXny5GrMBwC0IxWHxTnnnBOvvPJKXHbZZbFx48b48Ic/HPPnz3/HGzp3R21tbcyYMeMdPyqhuqx727DubcO6tw3r3jb2hXWvKe/3uREAgN3kXiEAQBphAQCkERYAQBphAQCkaZWwuPzyy6OmpqbFY8iQIc3733jjjZgyZUr07NkzunbtGl/60pfe8Uu4qNyLL74YX/va16Jnz57RpUuXOPHEE2PlypXN+0spcdlll0Xfvn2jS5cuMXbs2FizZk0bTrx/OOqoo95xvdfU1MSUKVMiwvVeDTt37oxLL700Bg0aFF26dImjjz46rrjiihb3NHC9V0dDQ0NMnTo1Bg4cGF26dIlTTjklVqxY0bzfuu+9JUuWxJlnnhn9+vWLmpqamDt3bov9u7PGmzdvjokTJ0ZdXV306NEjzj///Ni2bVt1Bi6tYMaMGWXYsGFlw4YNzY9XXnmlef+3v/3t0r9//7Jw4cKycuXK8rGPfayccsoprTHafmvz5s1l4MCB5dxzzy3Lly8vzzzzTFmwYEFZu3Zt8zGzZ88u3bt3L3Pnzi2PPfZY+fznP18GDRpUXn/99TacvP3btGlTi2v93nvvLRFRHnjggVKK670arrzyytKzZ89yzz33lHXr1pU77rijdO3atVx99dXNx7jeq+MrX/lKGTp0aFm8eHFZs2ZNmTFjRqmrqysvvPBCKcW6Z/jTn/5ULrnkknLnnXeWiCh33XVXi/27s8ZnnHFGGTFiRFm2bFn5y1/+Uo455pgyYcKEqszbamExYsSId923ZcuWcuCBB5Y77rijeds///nPEhFl6dKlrTHefumiiy4qH//4x3e5v6mpqfTp06f87Gc/a962ZcuWUltbW373u9+1xogfGBdeeGE5+uijS1NTk+u9SsaPH1/OO++8Ftu++MUvlokTJ5ZSXO/V8tprr5UOHTqUe+65p8X2k046qVxyySXWvQreHha7s8ZPPvlkiYiyYsWK5mPmzZtXampqyosvvpg+Y6u9x2LNmjXRr1+/GDx4cEycODGef/75iIhYtWpVvPnmmzF27NjmY4cMGRIDBgzY5a3YeX+///3vY9SoUfHlL385evXqFSNHjozrr7++ef+6deti48aNLda9e/fuMXr0aOueaMeOHXHTTTfFeeedFzU1Na73KjnllFNi4cKF8dRTT0VExGOPPRYPPvhgjBs3LiJc79Xy1ltvxc6dO6Nz584ttnfp0iUefPBB694KdmeNly5dGj169IhRo0Y1HzN27Ng44IADYvny5ekztUpYjB49Om688caYP39+zJkzJ9atWxef+MQnoqGhITZu3BidOnVqvjHZf/Xu3Ts2btzYGuPtl5555pmYM2dOHHvssbFgwYK44IIL4vvf/3785je/iYhoXtu3/8ZU655r7ty5sWXLljj33HMjIlzvVXLxxRfHV7/61RgyZEgceOCBMXLkyJg6dWpMnDgxIlzv1dKtW7cYM2ZMXHHFFfHSSy/Fzp0746abboqlS5fGhg0brHsr2J013rhxY/Tq1avF/o4dO8ahhx5alT+Hqt82PSKa/9UQETF8+PAYPXp0DBw4MG6//fbo0qVLa4zwgdPU1BSjRo2Kn/70pxERMXLkyHjiiSfi2muvjUmTJrXxdB8cN9xwQ4wbN+59bzPM3rn99tvj5ptvjltuuSWGDRsWjz76aEydOjX69evneq+y3/72t3HeeefFEUccER06dIiTTjopJkyYEKtWrWrr0WgjbfJx0x49esRxxx0Xa9eujT59+sSOHTtiy5YtLY55r1ux8/769u0bQ4cObbHtQx/6UPOPoP67tm//NIJ1z/Pcc8/FfffdF9/85jebt7neq+PHP/5x86sWJ554Ynz961+PH/zgBzFr1qyIcL1X09FHHx2LFy+Obdu2xfr16+Ohhx6KN998MwYPHmzdW8HurHGfPn1i06ZNLfa/9dZbsXnz5qr8ObRJWGzbti2efvrp6Nu3b5x88slx4IEHtrgV++rVq+P55593K/a9cOqpp8bq1atbbHvqqadi4MCBERExaNCg6NOnT4t1r6+vj+XLl1v3JL/+9a+jV69eMX78+OZtrvfqeO211+KAA1r+76xDhw7R1NQUEa731nDwwQdH37594z//+U8sWLAgzjrrLOveCnZnjceMGRNbtmxp8SrS/fffH01NTTF69Oj8odLfDvoufvjDH5ZFixaVdevWlb/+9a9l7Nix5bDDDiubNm0qpfzvx+8GDBhQ7r///rJy5coyZsyYMmbMmNYYbb/10EMPlY4dO5Yrr7yyrFmzptx8883loIMOKjfddFPzMbNnzy49evQod999d/n73/9ezjrrLB8DS7Jz584yYMCActFFF71jn+s936RJk8oRRxzR/HHTO++8sxx22GHlJz/5SfMxrvfqmD9/fpk3b1555plnyp///OcyYsSIMnr06LJjx45SinXP0NDQUB555JHyyCOPlIgoV111VXnkkUfKc889V0rZvTU+44wzysiRI8vy5cvLgw8+WI499tj2/XHTc845p/Tt27d06tSpHHHEEeWcc85p8fsUXn/99fKd73ynHHLIIeWggw4qZ599dtmwYUNrjLZf+8Mf/lBOOOGEUltbW4YMGVJ++ctfttjf1NRULr300tK7d+9SW1tbTj/99LJ69eo2mnb/smDBghIR77qervd89fX15cILLywDBgwonTt3LoMHDy6XXHJJaWxsbD7G9V4dt912Wxk8eHDp1KlT6dOnT5kyZUrZsmVL837rvvceeOCBEhHveEyaNKmUsntr/Oqrr5YJEyaUrl27lrq6ujJ58uTS0NBQlXndNh0ASONeIQBAGmEBAKQRFgBAGmEBAKQRFgBAGmEBAKQRFgBAGmEBAKQRFgBAGmEBAKQRFgBAGmEBAKT5Hz/fOAQfmV4EAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.00 F: 0 0.00%\n",
      "47.77 D: 3 23.08%\n",
      "64.04 C: 3 23.08%\n",
      "80.31 B: 5 38.46%\n",
      "96.58 A: 2 15.38%\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "OrderedDict([('F', 0.0),\n",
       "             ('D', 47.770049110126955),\n",
       "             ('C', 64.03887070890963),\n",
       "             ('B', 80.3076923076923),\n",
       "             ('A', 96.57651390647499),\n",
       "             ('A+', 100)])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "compute_curve(df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"],50.)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "How about the labs? \n",
    "\n",
    "First lets turn the `NaN`s into `0`s:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 3</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 4</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 5</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 6</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 7</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1 Fixed</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4    Exam 1  Lab 5  Unnamed: 6  Lab 7  Exam 2  \\\n",
       "0    NaN     0     0   NaN         0    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "2    100    96    46   NaN   68-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "4    100   100    90   NaN   88-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "6     93   100    24   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "8      0    81     0     0   43-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "10    95   100   105   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "12   100    98    87   NaN   89-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "14    95    98    50   NaN        52    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "16    95    96    98   NaN  100-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "18     0    78    37   NaN        67    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "20     0    76   NaN   NaN         0    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "22    95    89     0     0   66-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "24    98    94    35   NaN   96-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "26    93    77    23   NaN   64-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "28   100    96    88   NaN   64-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "30    95    94    60   NaN   98-sent    NaN         NaN    NaN     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Exam 1 Fixed  \n",
       "0              0  \n",
       "2             68  \n",
       "4             88  \n",
       "6             96  \n",
       "8             43  \n",
       "10            96  \n",
       "12            89  \n",
       "14            52  \n",
       "16           100  \n",
       "18            67  \n",
       "20             0  \n",
       "22            66  \n",
       "24            96  \n",
       "26            64  \n",
       "28            64  \n",
       "30            98  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_1=df_0.fillna(0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 3</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 4</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 5</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 6</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 7</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1 Fixed</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>68-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>88-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>89-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>100-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>98-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4    Exam 1  Lab 5  Unnamed: 6  Lab 7  Exam 2  \\\n",
       "0      0     0     0     0         0    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "2    100    96    46     0   68-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "4    100   100    90     0   88-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "6     93   100    24     0   96-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "8      0    81     0     0   43-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "10    95   100   105     0   96-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "12   100    98    87     0   89-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "14    95    98    50     0        52    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "16    95    96    98     0  100-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "18     0    78    37     0        67    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "20     0    76     0     0         0    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "22    95    89     0     0   66-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "24    98    94    35     0   96-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "26    93    77    23     0   64-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "28   100    96    88     0   64-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "30    95    94    60     0   98-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Exam 1 Fixed  \n",
       "0              0  \n",
       "2             68  \n",
       "4             88  \n",
       "6             96  \n",
       "8             43  \n",
       "10            96  \n",
       "12            89  \n",
       "14            52  \n",
       "16           100  \n",
       "18            67  \n",
       "20             0  \n",
       "22            66  \n",
       "24            96  \n",
       "26            64  \n",
       "28            64  \n",
       "30            98  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Lab 1\n",
      "Min grade: 50.0\n",
      "N Total (post cut): 12\n",
      "N Total (pre cut): (16,)\n",
      "Mean: 96.58333333333333\n",
      "Std: 2.6912925436591904\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.00 F: 0 0.00%\n",
      "91.20 D: 2 16.67%\n",
      "93.89 C: 5 41.67%\n",
      "96.58 B: 1 8.33%\n",
      "99.27 A: 4 33.33%\n",
      "Lab 2\n",
      "Min grade: 50.0\n",
      "N Total (post cut): 15\n",
      "N Total (pre cut): (16,)\n",
      "Mean: 91.53333333333333\n",
      "Std: 8.655377262462657\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.00 F: 0 0.00%\n",
      "74.22 D: 4 26.67%\n",
      "82.88 C: 1 6.67%\n",
      "91.53 B: 7 46.67%\n",
      "100.00 A: 3 20.00%\n",
      "Lab 3\n",
      "Min grade: 52.5\n",
      "N Total (post cut): 6\n",
      "N Total (pre cut): (16,)\n",
      "Mean: 88.0\n",
      "Std: 14.011899704655802\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 640x480 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.00 F: 0 0.00%\n",
      "59.98 D: 1 16.67%\n",
      "73.99 C: 1 16.67%\n",
      "88.00 B: 3 50.00%\n",
      "102.01 A: 1 16.67%\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for name in [\"Lab 1\",\"Lab 2\",\"Lab 3\"]:\n",
    "    df=df_1[name].astype('int32')\n",
    "    print(name)\n",
    "    compute_curve(df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We have written a function to help us determine how to assign grades, but we haven't actually assigned any grades to any student. Here is a function that assign grades, given a dictionary of grade boundry definitions:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def assign_grade(numeric,grades):\n",
    "    previous_grade=\"F\"\n",
    "    for grade_letter,grade_boundry in grades.items():\n",
    "        #print(numeric, grade_letter,grade_boundry)\n",
    "        if numeric < grade_boundry:\n",
    "            return previous_grade\n",
    "            break\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            previous_grade=grade_letter\n",
    "    return previous_grade\n",
    "\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'A'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Quick test\n",
    "assign_grade(90,grades)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 F\n",
      "68 C\n",
      "88 B\n",
      "96 A\n",
      "43 F\n",
      "96 A\n",
      "89 B\n",
      "52 D\n",
      "100 A+\n",
      "67 C\n",
      "0 F\n",
      "66 C\n",
      "96 A\n",
      "64 C\n",
      "64 C\n",
      "98 A\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Apply to Exam 1\n",
    "for item in df_0[\"Exam 1 Fixed\"].astype('int32'):\n",
    "    print(item,assign_grade(item, grades))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def assign_grades(name,grades):\n",
    "    letter_grades=list()\n",
    "    for item in df_1[name].astype('int32'):\n",
    "        letter_grades.append(assign_grade(item, grades))\n",
    "    return letter_grades"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['F',\n",
       " 'C',\n",
       " 'B',\n",
       " 'A',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'A',\n",
       " 'B',\n",
       " 'D',\n",
       " 'A+',\n",
       " 'C',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'C',\n",
       " 'A',\n",
       " 'C',\n",
       " 'C',\n",
       " 'A']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "assign_grades(\"Exam 1 Fixed\",grades)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 3</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 4</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 5</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 6</th>\n",
       "      <th>Lab 7</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1 Fixed</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exam 1 Letter</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>F</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>68-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>88-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>B</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>A</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>F</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>A</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>89-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>B</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>D</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>100-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>A+</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>F</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>A</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>64-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>98-sent</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>A</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4    Exam 1  Lab 5  Unnamed: 6  Lab 7  Exam 2  \\\n",
       "0      0     0     0     0         0    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "2    100    96    46     0   68-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "4    100   100    90     0   88-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "6     93   100    24     0   96-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "8      0    81     0     0   43-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "10    95   100   105     0   96-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "12   100    98    87     0   89-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "14    95    98    50     0        52    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "16    95    96    98     0  100-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "18     0    78    37     0        67    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "20     0    76     0     0         0    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "22    95    89     0     0   66-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "24    98    94    35     0   96-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "26    93    77    23     0   64-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "28   100    96    88     0   64-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "30    95    94    60     0   98-sent    0.0         0.0    0.0     0.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Exam 1 Fixed Exam 1 Letter  \n",
       "0              0             F  \n",
       "2             68             C  \n",
       "4             88             B  \n",
       "6             96             A  \n",
       "8             43             F  \n",
       "10            96             A  \n",
       "12            89             B  \n",
       "14            52             D  \n",
       "16           100            A+  \n",
       "18            67             C  \n",
       "20             0             F  \n",
       "22            66             C  \n",
       "24            96             A  \n",
       "26            64             C  \n",
       "28            64             C  \n",
       "30            98             A  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_1[\"Exam 1 Letter\"]= assign_grades(\"Exam 1 Fixed\",grades)\n",
    "df_1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "letter_grades=dict()\n",
    "for name in [\"Lab 1\",\"Lab 2\",\"Lab 3\"]:\n",
    "    letter_grades[name]=assign_grades(name,grades)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['F',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'A',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'A+',\n",
       " 'B',\n",
       " 'D',\n",
       " 'A',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'F',\n",
       " 'B',\n",
       " 'D']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "letter_grades[\"Lab 3\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "grade_max = 400\n",
    "grade_def = [(\"A+\",grade_max),\n",
    "             (\"A\",.9*grade_max),\n",
    "             (\"B\",.8*grade_max), \n",
    "             (\"C\",.7*grade_max),\n",
    "             (\"D\",.6*grade_max),\n",
    "             (\"F\",0) ]\n",
    "\n",
    "grades=OrderedDict(grade_def[::-1])\n",
    "\n",
    "grades_inverse=OrderedDict(zip(list(grades.values())[::-1],\n",
    "                               list(grades.keys())[::-1]))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Grading Strategies\n",
    "\n",
    "Thinking about what we did, we noticed that we have 2 grading strategies:\n",
    "1. \"Standard\": 70, 80, 90 scheme.\n",
    "2. \"Curved\": Using mean and standard deviation.\n",
    "\n",
    "There is a third strategy that I often apply when the grade distribution doesn't look like a normal distribution. When we curve the letter grades mean the following, based on the fact that 68% of normal distribution lies between -1 and 1 $\\sigma$ of the mean.\n",
    "\n",
    "* B and C: comprise of the 68% of the students withing 1 $\\sigma$ of the mean, with the top 34% subset assigned a B and the bottom 34% assigned a C. Nearly all of the remaining 32% of the students will be within 2 $\\sigma$ of the mean.\n",
    "* A: The approximately 16% that are more than 1 $\\sigma$ above the mean are assigned an A.\n",
    "* D: The approximately 16% that are more are between 1 $\\sigma$ and 2 $\\sigma$ below the mean are assigned a D.\n",
    "\n",
    "All of this assume a normal distribution. If the grade distribution isn't normal, we can still assign grades in a way that we could interpret in the same way as the curved grades by simply assigning the top 16% an A, next 32% B, then assign C to the 32% and D to the the 16% after.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Disecting the Task at Hand\n",
    "\n",
    "We can also note that all the strategies are defined by the boundries between letter grades. Therefore we can factorize the operation of assigning a letter grade into several steps:\n",
    "* Perform statistical analysis of the grades to obtain basic parameters.\n",
    "    * Minimum cut-off\n",
    "    * Mean / Sigma\n",
    "* Establish grade boundries.\n",
    "    * Potentially apply several strategies.\n",
    "    * Select a strategy appropriate for given distribution of grades.\n",
    "* Use grade boundries to assign grades.\n",
    "* Validate the assigned grades.\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Organizing Our Code\n",
    "\n",
    "It is possible to perform the steps above without any (or with minimal) generalization or abstraction (ie using functions). We could work out a grade with a series of steps... then copy and paste for the other grades. The benefits would be that without generalization, we could fine tune every grade easily. But it could become tedious and our results would be error prone.\n",
    "\n",
    "Alternatively, we can recognize that each of the steps above can be done with a set of functions that have the same inputs and outputs:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Statistical Analysis Functions: Input list of grades. Output mean, standard deviation, and minimum grade.\n",
    "* Grade Boundries Functions: Input stats (and list of grades). Output boundries.\n",
    "* Assign Grades Function: Input boundries and list grades. Output corresponding list of assigned letter grades.\n",
    "* Validate Function: Input assigned letter grades, output percentage of each grade.\n",
    "\n",
    "In addition, we will need to do a weighted sum of the grades to assign a class grade. \n",
    "\n",
    "We also have to note that beyond the procedural steps, we will have to make choices about how we represent the input/output data of each step. For example, previously we represented grade boundries as an `OrderedDict`. \n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Building a System\n",
    "\n",
    "We are starting to recognize that depending on the context, we may choose different levels of sophistication for our code to solve a problem:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Quickly solve a problem once: Cut and paste can be sufficient.\n",
    "* Scale or solve the problem on many data points: Implement functions that perform tasks.\n",
    "* Solve the same problem with different data: Identify tasks and generalize functions with defined input/outputs\n",
    "* Enable others to use your code to solve the same problem.\n",
    "* Build a production system or service that solves the problem.\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## An Object Oriented Approach\n",
    "\n",
    "Object Oriented programming is not required to solve problems. But in many cases, OO can greatly simplify the development process and ability to further add functionality to the code. Even within OO, there are many approaches to solving the same problem, and while some may have advantages, often it takes several iterations and revisions to approach optimality... and even then, there are stylistic and historical choices.\n",
    "\n",
    "Lets explore one OO approach to building a Grade Book system.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Base Classes\n",
    "\n",
    "We are going to build some classes to represent our data and algorithms. Once everything is build, we will instantiate and configure these classes and load them up with data. Since we will be manilpulating many of them, we'll find it useful for all of our classes to have a name that is assigned at instantiation. One use will be when that if a class has to give a message back to us, it can identify itself by its name so we know who it is.\n",
    "\n",
    "Since we recognize that there may be elements (e.g. name) that all of our classes will possess, let's begin with building base classes with everything. We will further recognize that we will building two types of classes and branch our inheritance tree to explicitly separate the two. We will have data classes that will hold information and allow us to manipulate that information is correct ways. We will also have algorithm classes that we configure in specific ways and then apply to the data classes."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create some virtual classes\n",
    "\n",
    "class base:\n",
    "    def __init__(self,name):\n",
    "        self.__name=name\n",
    "\n",
    "    def name(self):\n",
    "        return self.__name\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "class data(base):\n",
    "    def __init__(self,name):\n",
    "        base.__init__(self,name)\n",
    "        \n",
    "class alg(base):\n",
    "    def __init__(self,name):\n",
    "        base.__init__(self,name)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Quick test:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Hello'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 75,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=alg(\"Hello\")\n",
    "a.name()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And inspection of our classes:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['__class__',\n",
       " '__delattr__',\n",
       " '__dict__',\n",
       " '__dir__',\n",
       " '__doc__',\n",
       " '__eq__',\n",
       " '__format__',\n",
       " '__ge__',\n",
       " '__getattribute__',\n",
       " '__gt__',\n",
       " '__hash__',\n",
       " '__init__',\n",
       " '__init_subclass__',\n",
       " '__le__',\n",
       " '__lt__',\n",
       " '__module__',\n",
       " '__ne__',\n",
       " '__new__',\n",
       " '__reduce__',\n",
       " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
       " '__repr__',\n",
       " '__setattr__',\n",
       " '__sizeof__',\n",
       " '__str__',\n",
       " '__subclasshook__',\n",
       " '__weakref__',\n",
       " '_base__name',\n",
       " 'name']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 76,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dir(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Grade Representation\n",
    "\n",
    "We note that we have two types of grades: numerical and letter. We have a choice of how to represent grades. Below we choose to create a single class for both numerical and letter grades that keeps track of the type of grade it is and behaves accordingly. Altneratively, we could create a grade base class and derive two different classes, one for numerical grades and another for letter grades. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class grade(data):\n",
    "    # These members are shared with all classes of the same type and doesn't belong to any specific instance.\n",
    "    __letter_grades=[\"F-\",\"F\",\"F+\",\"D-\",\"D\",\"D+\",\"C-\",\"C\",\"C+\",\"B-\",\"B\",\"B+\",\"A-\",\"A\",\"A+\"]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self,name,numerical=True,value=None):\n",
    "        # These members belong to the instances of classes and not shared. \n",
    "        # Note all data members are private so we'll have to build accessors to change and see their values.\n",
    "        self.__value=value\n",
    "        self.__numerical=numerical\n",
    "        self.__gradebook_name=str()\n",
    "        \n",
    "        if value:\n",
    "            if isinstance(value,(int,float)):\n",
    "                self.__numerical=True\n",
    "            elif isinstance(value,str):\n",
    "                self.__numerical=False\n",
    "            self.set(value)\n",
    "        else:            \n",
    "            self.__numerical=numerical\n",
    "            \n",
    "        self.__gradebook_name=name\n",
    "        data.__init__(self, name+\" Grade Data Object\")        \n",
    "\n",
    "    # Setter: \n",
    "    def set(self,value):\n",
    "        if isinstance(value,(int,float)) and self.__numerical:\n",
    "            self.__value=value\n",
    "        elif isinstance(value,str) and not self.__numerical:\n",
    "            if value in self.__letter_grades:\n",
    "                self.__value=value\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            print( self.name()+\" Error: Bad Grade.\")\n",
    "            raise Exception\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Accessors\n",
    "    def value(self):\n",
    "        return self.__value\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def numerical(self):\n",
    "        return self.__numerical\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def gradebook_name(self):\n",
    "        return self.__gradebook_name\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __str__(self):\n",
    "        return self.__gradebook_name+\": \"+str(self.__value)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Student Representation\n",
    "\n",
    "Next type of data we need to represent is students:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class student(data):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, id_number):\n",
    "        self.__grades=dict()\n",
    "        self.__id_number=id_number\n",
    "        self.__first_name, self.__last_name = first_name, last_name\n",
    "        data.__init__(self,first_name+\" \"+last_name+\" Student Data\")\n",
    "\n",
    "    def add_grade(self,a_grade,overwrite=False):\n",
    "        if overwrite or not a_grade.gradebook_name() in self.__grades:\n",
    "            self.__grades[a_grade.gradebook_name()]=a_grade\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            print (self.name()+\" Error Adding Grade \"+a_grade.name()+\". Grade already exists.\")\n",
    "            raise Exception\n",
    "\n",
    "    def id_number(self):\n",
    "        return self.__id_number\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __getitem__(self,key):\n",
    "        return self.__grades[key]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def print_grades(self):\n",
    "        for grade in self.__grades:\n",
    "            print (self.__grades[grade])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Test:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Exam 1: 95\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter: A\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_student=student(\"John\",\"Doe\",111)\n",
    "\n",
    "a_student.add_grade(grade(\"Exam 1\",value=95))\n",
    "a_student.add_grade(grade(\"Exam 1 Letter\",value=\"A\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "a_student.print_grades()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Algorithms\n",
    "\n",
    "So far, we have put together data classes. Now lets design some algorithm classes that interact with the data.\n",
    "\n",
    "When thinking about the different types of operations we performed in our notebook based data analysis, it became clear that we could classify them by their inputs and outputs:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Statistical Analysis Functions: Inputs list of grades. Output: few statistical quantities.\n",
    "    * Example: Input list of grades. Output mean, standard deviation, and minimum grade.\n",
    "* Grade Boundries Functions: Input stats (and list of grades). Output boundries.\n",
    "    * Example: Curve boundry calculation.\n",
    "* Assign Grades Function: Input boundries and list grades. Output: Letter grade.\n",
    "    * Example: Letter grade mapping.\n",
    "* Validate Function: Input assigned letter grades, output percentage of each grade.\n",
    "\n",
    "Furthermore, as we'll see in a bit, some of these operations have very similar logic (e.g. in terms of loops), with minor differences otherwise that we can easily encapsulate. We will implement these operations as `alg`s in our system. Since the input/outputs are different, we will have to think about how the classes implementing each of these operations relate to each other. Let consider two choices:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. We create a separate common base class for all algorithms that have exactly the same input/outputs.\n",
    "    * Each base class implements a different `apply(...)` function with the specific inputs as arguments and returning the outputs.\n",
    "        * Some common patterns can be implemented these base classes.\n",
    "    * Every operation inherits from appropriate base class and overrides `apply` method.\n",
    "        * `apply` implementations generally simple since input are provided.\n",
    "        * In some cases `apply` in the base class can implement the pattern, allowing for simpler `apply` in the derived class.\n",
    "            * For example: all grade assigning algorithms will need to loop over all students and add an additional grade. We only need to write this part of the logic once and just code up different methods of computing the grade for each type of grading algorithm.\n",
    "    * The caller of `apply` will need to identify the type of operation and supply the correct input.\n",
    "1. We create a single base class with common a `apply(...)` that is provided the data objects as input.\n",
    "    * The each operation's `apply` method retrieves inputs it needs directly from the data objects.\n",
    "        * Minimal logic in the base class, everything done in the overridden `apply` method.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Grade Calculator\n",
    "\n",
    "We'll start with first approach... and later consider changing to the second. \n",
    "\n",
    "We begin by implementing the operation of using grade boundries to turn numerical grades into assigned letter grades. Here, the input is a numerical grade and the output is a letter grade. Our first example of such an algorithm is computes letter grades using the usual 90, 80, 70 percent scheme."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class grade_calculator(alg):    \n",
    "    def __init__(self,name,stats):\n",
    "        self.__stats=stats\n",
    "        alg.__init__(self,name)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def apply(self,a_grade):\n",
    "        raise NotImplementedError\n",
    "        \n",
    "\n",
    "class uncurved_letter_grade_percent(grade_calculator):\n",
    "    __grades_definition=[ (.97,\"A+\"),\n",
    "                          (.93,\"A\"),\n",
    "                          (.9,\"A-\"),\n",
    "                          (.87,\"B+\"),\n",
    "                          (.83,\"B\"),\n",
    "                          (.8,\"B-\"),\n",
    "                          (.77,\"C+\"),\n",
    "                          (.73,\"C\"),\n",
    "                          (.7,\"C-\"),\n",
    "                          (.67,\"C+\"),\n",
    "                          (.63,\"C\"),\n",
    "                          (.6,\"C-\"),\n",
    "                          (.57,\"F+\"),\n",
    "                          (.53,\"F\"),\n",
    "                          (0.,\"F-\")]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self,grade_name,max_grade=100.):\n",
    "        self.__max_grade=max_grade\n",
    "        self.__grade_name=grade_name\n",
    "        grade_calculator.__init__(self,\n",
    "                                  \"Uncurved Percent Based Grade Calculator \"+self.__grade_name+\" Max=\"+str(self.__max_grade),\n",
    "                                 False)\n",
    "        \n",
    "\n",
    "    def apply(self,a_grade):\n",
    "        if not isinstance(a_grade,grade):\n",
    "            print (self.name()+ \" Error: Did not get an proper grade as input.\")\n",
    "            raise Exception\n",
    "        if not a_grade.numerical():\n",
    "            print (self.name()+ \" Error: Did not get a numerical grade as input.\")\n",
    "            raise Exception\n",
    "\n",
    "        percent=a_grade.value()/self.__max_grade\n",
    "        \n",
    "        for i,v in enumerate(self.__grades_definition):\n",
    "            if percent>=v[0]:\n",
    "                break\n",
    "                            \n",
    "        return grade(self.__grade_name,value=self.__grades_definition[i][1])\n",
    "            "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class '__main__.grade'>\n",
      "Exam 1 Test Grade: A\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_grader=uncurved_letter_grade_percent(grade_name=\"Exam 1 Test Grade\")\n",
    "out = a_grader.apply(a_student[\"Exam 1\"])\n",
    "print(type(out))\n",
    "print(out)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Exam 1 Test Grade: B-\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a_grader.apply(grade(\"Test Grade\",value=81.)))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now we can implement a curved grade:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class curved_letter_grade(grade_calculator):\n",
    "    __grades_definition=[ (.97,\"A+\"),\n",
    "                          (.93,\"A\"),\n",
    "                          (.9,\"A-\"),\n",
    "                          (.87,\"B+\"),\n",
    "                          (.83,\"B\"),\n",
    "                          (.8,\"B-\"),\n",
    "                          (.77,\"C+\"),\n",
    "                          (.73,\"C\"),\n",
    "                          (.7,\"C-\"),\n",
    "                          (.67,\"C+\"),\n",
    "                          (.63,\"C\"),\n",
    "                          (.6,\"C-\"),\n",
    "                          (.57,\"F+\"),\n",
    "                          (.53,\"F\"),\n",
    "                          (0.,\"F-\")]\n",
    "    __max_grade=100.\n",
    "    __grade_name=str()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self, grade_name, mean, std, max_grade=100.):\n",
    "        self.__max_grade=max_grade\n",
    "        self.__mean=mean\n",
    "        self.__std=std\n",
    "        self.__grade_name=grade_name\n",
    "        grade_calculator.__init__(self,\n",
    "                                  \"Curved Percent Based Grade Calculator \"+self.__grade_name+ \\\n",
    "                                  \" Mean=\"+str(self.__mean)+\\\n",
    "                                  \" STD=\"+str(self.__std)+\\\n",
    "                                  \" Max=\"+str(self.__max_grade),\n",
    "                                   False)\n",
    "        \n",
    "\n",
    "    def apply(self,a_grade):\n",
    "        if not isinstance(a_grade,grade):\n",
    "            print (self.name()+ \" Error: Did not get an proper grade as input.\")\n",
    "            raise Exception\n",
    "        if not a_grade.numerical():\n",
    "            print (self.name()+ \" Error: Did not get a numerical grade as input.\")\n",
    "            raise Exception\n",
    "    \n",
    "        # Rescale the grade\n",
    "        percent=a_grade.value()/self.__max_grade\n",
    "        shift_to_zero=percent-(self.__mean/self.__max_grade)\n",
    "        scale_std=0.1*shift_to_zero/(self.__std/self.__max_grade)\n",
    "        scaled_percent=scale_std+0.8\n",
    "        \n",
    "        for i,v in enumerate(self.__grades_definition):\n",
    "            if scaled_percent>=v[0]:\n",
    "                break\n",
    "                            \n",
    "        return grade(self.__grade_name,value=self.__grades_definition[i][1])\n",
    "            "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Note that the name of the grade of interest, the mean, and the standard deviation are provided in constructor of the algorithm."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Exam 1: 70\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter: A\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_student=student(\"John\",\"Doe\",111)\n",
    "\n",
    "a_student.print_grades()\n",
    "\n",
    "a_student.add_grade(grade(\"Exam 1\",value=70))\n",
    "a_student.add_grade(grade(\"Exam 1 Letter\",value=\"A\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "a_student.print_grades()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Exam 1 Test Grade: B-\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_grader=curved_letter_grade(grade_name=\"Exam 1 Test Grade\",mean=70.,std=10.)\n",
    "print( a_grader.apply(a_student[\"Exam 1\"]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Exam 1 Test Grade: A-\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print( a_grader.apply(grade(\"Test Grade\",value=80.)))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Stats Computation\n",
    "\n",
    "Another operation we identified was computation if stats. Here the inputs are a list of grades, and output are a few summary statistics, for example the mean and standard deviation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import math\n",
    "\n",
    "class statistics_calculator(alg):    \n",
    "    def __init__(self,name):\n",
    "        alg.__init__(self,name)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def apply(self,grades):\n",
    "        raise NotImplementedError\n",
    "        \n",
    "class mean_std_calculator(statistics_calculator):\n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        statistics_calculator.__init__(self,\"Mean and Standard Deviation Calculator\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def apply(self,grades):\n",
    "        return np.mean(grades),math.sqrt(np.var(grades))\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Grade Summing\n",
    "\n",
    "There is another type of operation we didn't think about earlier... summing grades. Here the input is a student (which is the object holding all of the grades), the output is a grade."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class summary_calculator(alg):    \n",
    "    def __init__(self,name):\n",
    "        alg.__init__(self,name)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def apply(self,a_student):\n",
    "        raise NotImplementedError\n",
    "        \n",
    "class grade_summer(summary_calculator):\n",
    "    def __init__(self,prefix,n):\n",
    "        self.__prefix=prefix\n",
    "        self.__n=n\n",
    "        statistics_calculator.__init__(self,\"Sum Grades\")\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def apply(self,a_student):\n",
    "        labels=[prefix+str(x) for x in range(1,n)]\n",
    "        \n",
    "        grade_sum=0.\n",
    "        for label in labels:\n",
    "            grade_sum+=a_student[label]\n",
    "            \n",
    "        a_student.add_grade(grade(prefix+\"sum\",value=grade_sum))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Gradebook\n",
    "\n",
    "Finally we need a data object to hold all of the students. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class grade_book(data):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self,name):\n",
    "        data.__init__(self,name+\" Course Grade Book\")\n",
    "        self.__students=dict()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def add_student(self,a_student):\n",
    "        self.__students[a_student.id_number()]=a_student\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def assign_grade(self,key,a_grade):\n",
    "        the_student=None\n",
    "        try:\n",
    "            the_student=self.__students[key]\n",
    "        except:\n",
    "            for id in self.__students:\n",
    "                if key == self.__students[id].name():\n",
    "                    the_student=self.__students[id]\n",
    "                    break\n",
    "        if the_student:\n",
    "            the_student.add_grade(a_grade)\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            print (self.name()+\" Error: Did not find student.\")\n",
    "            \n",
    "    def apply_grader(self,a_grader,grade_name):\n",
    "        for k,a_student in self.__students.items():\n",
    "            a_student.add_grade(a_grader.apply(a_student[grade_name]))\n",
    "            \n",
    "    def apply_stats(self,a_stat_comp,grade_name):\n",
    "        grades=list()\n",
    "        for k,a_student in self.__students.items():\n",
    "            grades.append(a_student[grade_name].value())\n",
    "            \n",
    "        return a_stat_comp.apply(grades)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def print(self):\n",
    "        for id,student in self.__students.items():\n",
    "            print(\"------------------------------------\")\n",
    "            print(\"Student:\",id)\n",
    "            print(\"------------------------------------\")\n",
    "            student.print_grades()\n",
    "            \n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Building a Gradebook"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['Lab 1', 'Lab 2', 'Lab 3', 'Lab 4', 'Exam 1', 'Lab 5', 'Unnamed: 6',\n",
       "       'Lab 7', 'Exam 2', 'Exam 1 Fixed'],\n",
       "      dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 95,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_0.keys()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_grade_book=grade_book(\"Data 1401\")\n",
    "\n",
    "for student_i in range(df_0.shape[0]):\n",
    "    a_student_0=student(\"Student\",str(student_i),student_i)\n",
    "\n",
    "    for k in df_0.keys():\n",
    "        a_student_0.add_grade(grade(k,value=df_0[k].tolist()[student_i]))\n",
    "\n",
    "    a_grade_book.add_student(a_student_0)\n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(67.9375, 30.906044615091073)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 97,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_grade_book.apply_stats(mean_std_calculator(),\"Exam 1 Fixed\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Student 0 Student Data Error Adding Grade Exam 1 Letter Grade Grade Data Object. Grade already exists.\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "Exception",
     "evalue": "",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mException\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[99], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[43ma_grade_book\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mapply_grader\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mcurved_letter_grade\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mExam 1 Letter Grade\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m68.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m31.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43mmax_grade\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m100.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mExam 1 Fixed\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[94], line 26\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mgrade_book.apply_grader\u001b[0;34m(self, a_grader, grade_name)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     24\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;21mapply_grader\u001b[39m(\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m,a_grader,grade_name):\n\u001b[1;32m     25\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mfor\u001b[39;00m k,a_student \u001b[38;5;129;01min\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39m__students\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mitems():\n\u001b[0;32m---> 26\u001b[0m         \u001b[43ma_student\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43madd_grade\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43ma_grader\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mapply\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43ma_student\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[43mgrade_name\u001b[49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[78], line 14\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mstudent.add_grade\u001b[0;34m(self, a_grade, overwrite)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     12\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     13\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m (\u001b[38;5;28mself\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mname()\u001b[38;5;241m+\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m Error Adding Grade \u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;241m+\u001b[39ma_grade\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mname()\u001b[38;5;241m+\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m. Grade already exists.\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m\"\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[0;32m---> 14\u001b[0m     \u001b[38;5;28;01mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;167;01mException\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mException\u001b[0m: "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_grade_book.apply_grader(curved_letter_grade(\"Exam 1 Letter Grade\",68.,31.,max_grade=100.), \"Exam 1 Fixed\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 0\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: nan\n",
      "Lab 2: 0\n",
      "Lab 3: 0\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 0\n",
      "Lab 5: 0.0\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: 0.0\n",
      "Lab 7: 0.0\n",
      "Exam 2: 0.0\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 0\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: F+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 1\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 100\n",
      "Lab 2: 96\n",
      "Lab 3: 46\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 68-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 68\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: B-\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 2\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 100\n",
      "Lab 2: 100\n",
      "Lab 3: 90\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 88-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 88\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: B\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 3\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 93\n",
      "Lab 2: 100\n",
      "Lab 3: 24\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 96-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 96\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: B+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 4\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 0\n",
      "Lab 2: 81\n",
      "Lab 3: 0\n",
      "Lab 4: 0\n",
      "Exam 1: 43-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 43\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: C-\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 5\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 95\n",
      "Lab 2: 100\n",
      "Lab 3: 105\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 96-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 96\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: B+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 6\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 100\n",
      "Lab 2: 98\n",
      "Lab 3: 87\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 89-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 89\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: B\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 7\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 95\n",
      "Lab 2: 98\n",
      "Lab 3: 50\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 52\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 52\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: C\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 8\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 95\n",
      "Lab 2: 96\n",
      "Lab 3: 98\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 100-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 100\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: A-\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 9\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 0\n",
      "Lab 2: 78\n",
      "Lab 3: 37\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 67\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 67\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: C+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 10\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 0\n",
      "Lab 2: 76\n",
      "Lab 3: nan\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 0\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 0\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: F+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 11\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 95\n",
      "Lab 2: 89\n",
      "Lab 3: 0\n",
      "Lab 4: 0\n",
      "Exam 1: 66-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 66\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: C+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 12\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 98\n",
      "Lab 2: 94\n",
      "Lab 3: 35\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 96-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 96\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: B+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 13\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 93\n",
      "Lab 2: 77\n",
      "Lab 3: 23\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 64-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 64\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: C+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 14\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 100\n",
      "Lab 2: 96\n",
      "Lab 3: 88\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 64-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 64\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: C+\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Student: 15\n",
      "------------------------------------\n",
      "Lab 1: 95\n",
      "Lab 2: 94\n",
      "Lab 3: 60\n",
      "Lab 4: nan\n",
      "Exam 1: 98-sent\n",
      "Lab 5: nan\n",
      "Unnamed: 6: nan\n",
      "Lab 7: nan\n",
      "Exam 2: nan\n",
      "Exam 1 Fixed: 98\n",
      "Exam 1 Letter Grade: B+\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_grade_book.print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Quiz part"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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