The application has a portion of functionality that is available only to logged in users. To fully test out your application, you need to also test out the logic as a logged in user. Some applications have features exposed without authentication, so it's very important to understand how to perform authenticated scans. ZAP has several means to authenticate to your application and keep track of authentication state. To start things out with testing out doing an authenticated scans, let's go ahead and add a registered user.
Links
Let's go ahead and get first test user registered and setup to test authentication. Browse to
http://localhost:3000/#/register & register a new user. For the purpose of this tutorial, use the following
information.
- Email input
[email protected] - Password input
testtest - Security Question
- Select
Your eldest siblings middle name - Input
test
- Select
With the information you just registered with, browse to the login url http://localhost:3000/#/login. When you login
the request will be added to the History in ZAP. Search for the POST that included the login information, you should
find a POST request to http://localhost:3000/rest/user/login. Right click (or control click) that request in the history
and in the context menu that prompted click, Right click (or control click) Flag as Context > Default Context : JSON-based Auth Login Request (if you only see the option for Form-based... that means your version of ZAP is out of date). The will bring up the Context Authentication editor settings. You will notice the post data with
the authentication information as well as a couple parameters for selecting Username & Password. Go ahead and set the username and password parameters to the corresponding JSON
attributes.
Exit the context editor and go back to the request, you will notice in the response headers there is no set cookie. In the response body you will find the response data.
{
"authentication": {
"token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdGF0dXMiOiJzdWNjZXNzIiwiZGF0YSI6eyJpZCI6OSwiZW1haWwiOiJ0ZXN0QHRlc3QuY29tIiwicGFzc3dvcmQiOiIwNWE2NzFjNjZhZWZlYTEyNGNjMDhiNzZlYTZkMzBiYiIsImNyZWF0ZWRBdCI6IjIwMTgtMTAtMjkgMjI6MjM6MDIuODQwICswMDowMCIsInVwZGF0ZWRBdCI6IjIwMTgtMTAtMjkgMjI6MjM6MDIuODQwICswMDowMCJ9LCJpYXQiOjE1NDA4NTE5ODksImV4cCI6MTU0MDg2OTk4OX0.Xw-5Kz4PPgAus2Pij1SsQl7dbUfufP8i_KN2So1MQyI5TCh9u1BdDrpmpyccxM6JAp5YWPgESJj6mjInr5lsGAOcIJyH_paBb9f3o5KO2KyLdzFrYWd7fMWfCNeQeGBakUcNTU0JnzUl8QxZBTbfIYG4QOPWaPlSJo5rEN5lB1o",
"bid": 4,
"umail": "[email protected]"
}
}The request that follows is GET http://localhost:3000/rest/user/whoami which you will notice has a header called Authorization which uses the token from the response body of the login request. In body if the response, you should see some info about your user.{"user":{"id":9,"email":"[email protected]"}}. If you visit that url directly, with your browser, the content of the page is {"user":{}} - the Authorization header is not added to request and there is not authenticated.
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdGF0dXMiOiJzdWNjZXNzIiwiZGF0YSI6eyJpZCI6OSwiZW1haWwiOiJ0ZXN0QHRlc3QuY29tIiwicGFzc3dvcmQiOiIwNWE2NzFjNjZhZWZlYTEyNGNjMDhiNzZlYTZkMzBiYiIsImNyZWF0ZWRBdCI6IjIwMTgtMTAtMjkgMjI6MjM6MDIuODQwICswMDowMCIsInVwZGF0ZWRBdCI6IjIwMTgtMTAtMjkgMjI6MjM6MDIuODQwICswMDowMCJ9LCJpYXQiOjE1NDA4NTE5ODksImV4cCI6MTU0MDg2OTk4OX0.Xw-5Kz4PPgAus2Pij1SsQl7dbUfufP8i_KN2So1MQyI5TCh9u1BdDrpmpyccxM6JAp5YWPgESJj6mjInr5lsGAOcIJyH_paBb9f3o5KO2KyLdzFrYWd7fMWfCNeQeGBakUcNTU0JnzUl8QxZBTbfIYG4QOPWaPlSJo5rEN5lB1o
This request is initiated as a client side AJAX request using a spec called JWT. Currently ZAP doesn't have a notion of the Authorization header for
sessions so this is where ZAPs scripting engine will come into play! With ZAP's scripting engine, we can easily
add to or augment it's functionality.
Out of the box, ZAP doesn't support JavaScript as a scripting engine, so you need to add it.
ZAP has an Add-on Marketplace where we can add support for additional scripting engines.
There is an icon with a red blue green & blue box stacked, if you click that it will bring up
the marketplace modal. After it pops up, switch to the Marketplace tab and search for the Script Console and install it.
Now in the left sidebar next to the Sites click + to add Scripts. This will bring
into focus in the sidebar. Drill into Scripting > Scripts > HTTP Sender. Then right click
on the HTTP Sender and with that context menu click New Script. Name the script maintain-jwt.js & set the Script Engine to ECMAScript (do no check the box that says enable).
// Logging with the script name is super helpful!
function logger() {
print('[' + this['zap.script.name'] + '] ' + arguments[0]);
}
// Control.getSingleton().getExtensionLoader().getExtension(ExtensionUserManagement.class);
var HttpSender = Java.type('org.parosproxy.paros.network.HttpSender');
var ScriptVars = Java.type('org.zaproxy.zap.extension.script.ScriptVars');
var HtmlParameter = Java.type('org.parosproxy.paros.network.HtmlParameter')
var COOKIE_TYPE = org.parosproxy.paros.network.HtmlParameter.Type.cookie;
function sendingRequest(msg, initiator, helper) {
if (initiator === HttpSender.AUTHENTICATION_INITIATOR) {
logger("Trying to auth")
return msg;
}
var token = ScriptVars.getGlobalVar("jwt-token")
if (!token) {return;}
var headers = msg.getRequestHeader();
var cookie = new HtmlParameter(COOKIE_TYPE, "token", token);
msg.getRequestHeader().getCookieParams().add(cookie);
// For all non-authentication requests we want to include the authorization header
logger("Added authorization token " + token.slice(0, 20) + " ... ")
msg.getRequestHeader().setHeader('Authorization', 'Bearer ' + token);
return msg;
}
function responseReceived(msg, initiator, helper) {
var resbody = msg.getResponseBody().toString()
var resheaders = msg.getResponseHeader()
if (initiator !== HttpSender.AUTHENTICATION_INITIATOR) {
var token = ScriptVars.getGlobalVar("jwt-token");
if (!token) {return;}
var headers = msg.getRequestHeader();
var cookies = headers.getCookieParams();
var cookie = new HtmlParameter(COOKIE_TYPE, "token", token);
if (cookies.contains(cookie)) {return;}
msg.getResponseHeader().setHeader('Set-Cookie', 'token=' + token + '; Path=/;');
return;
}
logger("Handling auth response")
if (resheaders.getStatusCode() > 299) {
logger("Auth failed")
return;
}
// Is response JSON? @todo check content-type
if (resbody[0] !== '{') {return;}
try {
var data = JSON.parse(resbody);
} catch (e) {
return;
}
// If auth request was not succesful move on
if (!data['authentication']) {return;}
// @todo abstract away to be configureable
var token = data["authentication"]["token"]
logger("Capturing token for JWT\n" + token)
ScriptVars.setGlobalVar("jwt-token", token)
msg.getResponseHeader().setHeader('Set-Cookie', 'token=' + token + '; Path=/;');
}(Another time we'll cover just the scripting aspect of ZAP)
Now that we have that script setup, let's test it out! Go ahead and visit the login page http://localhost:3000/#/login with the browser launched with ZAP and use your test account to login. After you login, back in ZAP in the Script Console tab you should see a message that says.
[maintain-jwt.js] Capturing token for JWT eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdGF0dXMiOi
....
Now visit http://localhost:3000/rest/user/whoami directly in the browser and you will see you get JSON data with the
user {"user":{"id":9,"email":"[email protected]"}}! Back in the Script Console you will see the script went ahead and added the header!
[maintain-jwt.js] Added authorization token eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIs ...
Now that we have a script forcing ensuring we have the right headers & cookies for authentication, let's go ahead and try spidering the application again! So let's use the same setting we used earlier from the AJAX Spider [Settings](#AJAX Spider). Once the scan starts, check out the browser running the scan - you'll notice the user is logged in! (Logout & Your Basket links visible). Now the AJAX Spider will pick up some new paths that it couldn't find before!