diff --git a/src/SIL.Machine/Corpora/ParatextBackupTermsCorpus.cs b/src/SIL.Machine/Corpora/ParatextBackupTermsCorpus.cs
index 605b08b2..44d280f8 100644
--- a/src/SIL.Machine/Corpora/ParatextBackupTermsCorpus.cs
+++ b/src/SIL.Machine/Corpora/ParatextBackupTermsCorpus.cs
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ public class ParatextBackupTermsCorpus : ParatextTermsCorpusBase
         public ParatextBackupTermsCorpus(
             ZipArchive archive,
             IEnumerable<string> termCategories,
-            bool preferTermsLocalization = false
+            bool useTermGlosses = true
         )
         {
             _archive = archive;
-            AddTexts(new ZipParatextProjectSettingsParser(archive).Parse(), termCategories, preferTermsLocalization);
+            AddTexts(new ZipParatextProjectSettingsParser(archive).Parse(), termCategories, useTermGlosses);
         }
 
         protected override bool Exists(string fileName)
diff --git a/src/SIL.Machine/Corpora/ParatextTermsCorpusBase.cs b/src/SIL.Machine/Corpora/ParatextTermsCorpusBase.cs
index 898086d4..4c86d34d 100644
--- a/src/SIL.Machine/Corpora/ParatextTermsCorpusBase.cs
+++ b/src/SIL.Machine/Corpora/ParatextTermsCorpusBase.cs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ protected void AddTexts(
             if (
                 settings.LanguageCode != null
                 && settings.BiblicalTermsListType == "Major"
-                && !SupportedLanguageTermsLocalizationXmls.TryGetValue(settings.LanguageCode, out string resourceName)
+                && SupportedLanguageTermsLocalizationXmls.TryGetValue(settings.LanguageCode, out string resourceName)
             )
             {
                 using (Stream keyTermsFile = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName))
@@ -104,8 +104,7 @@ protected void AddTexts(
                 }
             }
 
-            IDictionary<string, IReadOnlyList<string>> termsRenderings =
-                new Dictionary<string, IReadOnlyList<string>>();
+            IDictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>> termsRenderings = new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>();
             if (termRenderingsDoc != null)
             {
                 termsRenderings = termRenderingsDoc
@@ -120,10 +119,12 @@ protected void AddTexts(
                         IReadOnlyList<string> glosses = GetGlosses(gloss);
                         return (id, glosses);
                     })
+                    .GroupBy(kvp => kvp.Item1, kvp => kvp.Item2) //Handle duplicate term ids (which do exist) e.g. שִׁלֵּמִי
+                    .Select(grouping => (grouping.Key, grouping.SelectMany(g => g)))
                     .ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Item1, kvp => kvp.Item2);
             }
 
-            IDictionary<string, IReadOnlyList<string>> termsGlosses = new Dictionary<string, IReadOnlyList<string>>();
+            IDictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>> termsGlosses = new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>();
             if (termsGlossesDoc != null && useTermGlosses)
             {
                 termsGlosses = termsGlossesDoc
@@ -134,10 +135,12 @@ protected void AddTexts(
                     .Select(kvp =>
                     {
                         string id = kvp.Item1.Replace("\n", "&#xA");
-                        string gloss = kvp.Item2.Element("Gloss").Value;
+                        string gloss = kvp.Item2.Attribute("Gloss").Value;
                         IReadOnlyList<string> glosses = GetGlosses(gloss);
                         return (id, glosses);
                     })
+                    .GroupBy(kvp => kvp.Item1, kvp => kvp.Item2)
+                    .Select(grouping => (grouping.Key, grouping.SelectMany(g => g)))
                     .ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Item1, kvp => kvp.Item2);
             }
             if (termsGlosses.Count > 0 || termsRenderings.Count > 0)
@@ -156,8 +159,8 @@ IDictionary<string, string> termIdToCategoryDictionary
         }
 
         private void AddTerms(
-            IDictionary<string, IReadOnlyList<string>> termsRenderings,
-            IDictionary<string, IReadOnlyList<string>> termsGlosses,
+            IDictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>> termsRenderings,
+            IDictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>> termsGlosses,
             ParatextProjectSettings settings
         )
         {
@@ -165,12 +168,12 @@ ParatextProjectSettings settings
                 $"{settings.BiblicalTermsListType}:{settings.BiblicalTermsProjectName}:{settings.BiblicalTermsFileName}";
 
             //Prefer renderings to gloss localizations
-            IDictionary<string, IReadOnlyList<string>> glosses = termsRenderings
-                .Concat(termsGlosses.Where(kvp => !termsGlosses.ContainsKey(kvp.Key)))
+            IDictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>> glosses = termsRenderings
+                .Concat(termsGlosses.Where(kvp => !termsRenderings.ContainsKey(kvp.Key)))
                 .ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value);
             IText text = new MemoryText(
                 textId,
-                glosses.Select(kvp => new TextRow(textId, kvp.Key) { Segment = kvp.Value })
+                glosses.Select(kvp => new TextRow(textId, kvp.Key) { Segment = kvp.Value.ToList() })
             );
             AddText(text);
         }
diff --git a/tests/SIL.Machine.Tests/Corpora/MemoryParatextProjectTermsCorpus.cs b/tests/SIL.Machine.Tests/Corpora/MemoryParatextProjectTermsCorpus.cs
index 767228ec..92cd9b2c 100644
--- a/tests/SIL.Machine.Tests/Corpora/MemoryParatextProjectTermsCorpus.cs
+++ b/tests/SIL.Machine.Tests/Corpora/MemoryParatextProjectTermsCorpus.cs
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ public MemoryParatextProjectTermsCorpus(
         ParatextProjectSettings settings,
         IEnumerable<string> termCategories,
         Dictionary<string, string> files,
-        bool preferTermsLocalization = false
+        bool useTermGlosses = true
     )
     {
         Files = files;
-        AddTexts(settings, termCategories, preferTermsLocalization);
+        AddTexts(settings, termCategories, useTermGlosses);
     }
 
     protected override bool Exists(string fileName)
diff --git a/tests/SIL.Machine.Tests/Corpora/ParatextProjectTermsCorpusTests.cs b/tests/SIL.Machine.Tests/Corpora/ParatextProjectTermsCorpusTests.cs
index d5c36112..2ff223be 100644
--- a/tests/SIL.Machine.Tests/Corpora/ParatextProjectTermsCorpusTests.cs
+++ b/tests/SIL.Machine.Tests/Corpora/ParatextProjectTermsCorpusTests.cs
@@ -50,13 +50,28 @@ public void TestGetKeyTermsFromTermsLocalizations_NoTermRenderings()
             new DefaultParatextProjectSettings(
                 biblicalTermsListType: "Major",
                 biblicalTermsFileName: "BiblicalTerms.xml"
-            )
+            ),
+            useTermGlosses: true
         );
         IList<TextRow> rows = env.Corpus.GetRows().ToList();
         Assert.That(rows.Count, Is.EqualTo(5726));
         Assert.That(string.Join(" ", rows.First().Segment), Is.EqualTo("Abagtha"));
     }
 
+    [Test]
+    public void TestGetKeyTermsFromTermsLocalizations_NoTermRenderings_DoNotUseTermGlosses()
+    {
+        var env = new TestEnvironment(
+            new DefaultParatextProjectSettings(
+                biblicalTermsListType: "Major",
+                biblicalTermsFileName: "BiblicalTerms.xml"
+            ),
+            useTermGlosses: false
+        );
+        IList<TextRow> rows = env.Corpus.GetRows().ToList();
+        Assert.That(rows.Count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
     [Test]
     public void TestGetKeyTermsFromTermsLocalizations_NoTermRenderings_PreferLocalization()
     {
@@ -65,7 +80,7 @@ public void TestGetKeyTermsFromTermsLocalizations_NoTermRenderings_PreferLocaliz
                 biblicalTermsListType: "Major",
                 biblicalTermsFileName: "BiblicalTerms.xml"
             ),
-            preferTermsLocalization: true
+            useTermGlosses: true
         );
         IList<TextRow> rows = env.Corpus.GetRows().ToList();
         Assert.That(rows.Count, Is.EqualTo(5726));
@@ -81,10 +96,10 @@ public void TestGetKeyTermsFromTermsLocalizations_()
                 biblicalTermsFileName: "BiblicalTerms.xml",
                 languageCode: "fr"
             ),
-            preferTermsLocalization: true
+            useTermGlosses: true
         );
         IList<TextRow> rows = env.Corpus.GetRows().ToList();
-        Assert.That(rows.Count, Is.EqualTo(5716));
+        Assert.That(rows.Count, Is.EqualTo(5715));
         Assert.That(string.Join(" ", rows.First().Segment), Is.EqualTo("Aaron"));
     }
 
@@ -112,11 +127,12 @@ public void TestGetKeyTermsFromTermsLocalizations_TermRenderingsExists_PreferLoc
 </TermRenderingsList>"
                 }
             },
-            preferTermsLocalization: true
+            useTermGlosses: true
         );
         IList<TextRow> rows = env.Corpus.GetRows().ToList();
         Assert.That(rows.Count, Is.EqualTo(5726));
-        Assert.That(string.Join(" ", rows.First().Segment), Is.EqualTo("Abagtha"));
+        Assert.That(string.Join(" ", rows.First().Segment), Is.EqualTo("Xerxes"));
+        Assert.That(string.Join(" ", rows[2].Segment), Is.EqualTo("Abi"));
     }
 
     [Test]
@@ -149,7 +165,7 @@ public void TestGetGlosses(string glossString, IReadOnlyList<string> expectedOut
     private class TestEnvironment(
         ParatextProjectSettings? settings = null,
         Dictionary<string, string>? files = null,
-        bool preferTermsLocalization = false
+        bool useTermGlosses = true
     )
     {
         public MemoryParatextProjectTermsCorpus Corpus { get; } =
@@ -157,7 +173,7 @@ private class TestEnvironment(
                 settings ?? new DefaultParatextProjectSettings(),
                 new string[] { "PN" },
                 files ?? new(),
-                preferTermsLocalization
+                useTermGlosses
             );
     }