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---
layout: default
title: Glossary
---
<p>As the majority of words in the corpus stems from MSA, the glossary is small. Three criteria were grounds for inclusion: if a word could not be found to stem from MSA; if a word does stem from MSA but has a meaning unlike those found in <span class="citation" data-cites="wehr">Wehr (1985)</span>, <span class="citation" data-cites="lane">Lane (1863)</span>, <span class="citation" data-cites="hava">Hava (1951)</span>, <span class="citation" data-cites="steingass">Steingass (1882)</span> or <span class="citation" data-cites="lisan">Manẓūr (1290)</span>; and finally, if a word was assumed not to be known by an intermediary-level student of Arabic having worked through <span class="citation" data-cites="schulz">Schulz and Bouraima (2013)</span>.</p>
<table id="glossary">
<tbody>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>أحسنتـ(وا) IV</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʾaḥsant(ū)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">thank you</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>أصاب IV ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʾaṣāb</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to befall sb., to happen to sb.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ألقى IV بأيده إلى التهلكة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>alqā bi-ʾaydih ʾilā t-tahlika</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to carelessly cause one’s own death</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>أهلين!</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʾahleyn (< ʾahlan wa-sahlan)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">Be welcome!</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>أهمال</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʾihmāl</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">neglect</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>إخنا</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʾḥnā (< naḥnu)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">we</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>استراح X</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>strāḥ/ystrīḥ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to sit oneself down, to make oneself comfortable<a href="#fn1" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>الفقراء ج</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>fuqarāʾ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">the poor</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>الله يخلي II ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>allāh yaḫallī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">May God keep sb. free [from evil, etc.]</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>الله يستر I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>allāh yastir</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">May God protect [us from an evil].</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>الله يهدي I ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>allāh yahdī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">May God guide sb.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>اللي، للي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>(a)llī (< allaḏī, allatī)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">relative pronoun (that, which, who)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>بـ…</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>b(a)…</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">future particle</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>بادئ ذي بدء</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>bādī ḏī bidʾ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">first of all</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>بخل</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>buḫl</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">greed, avarice</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>بخيل</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>bḫīl</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">cheapskate, skinflint</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>بس</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>bas</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">only, just, simply, enough, but</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>بساط</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>bsāṭ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">here: big nylon mat or rug<a href="#fn2" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>بغى/يبغى I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>baġā/yabġā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to want, to need</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>بيول ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>biyūl</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">with sb.<a href="#fn3" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تتون</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>tatūn</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">kid, boy<a href="#fn4" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ترى</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>tarā (< raʾā)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">presentative (<em>you see</em>)<a href="#fn5" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تسبوح I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>tasbūḥ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">swimming</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تعال! VI</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>taʿāl!</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">come; get up; join us!<a href="#fn6" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تعويذة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>taʿwīḏe</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">protective spell or prayer</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تكاتف VI</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>takātef</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to stand together</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تنوف</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>tnūf</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">City in the region of ad-Dāḫiliyya.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تهلكة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>tahlika</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">demise, downfall, perdition</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تو، (ا)لحين</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>taw (< tawwan), (a)l-ḥeyn</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">now</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>توعية</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>tawʿiya</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">informing</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>تيس</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>teys</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">goat (m. or f.!)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ثنتين</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ṯintēn</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">two (f.)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>جا I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>gā (< ǧāʾa)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to come</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>جالس ج ين I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>gālis, pl. īn (< ǧalasa I)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">sitting</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>جاي ج ين I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>gāyy, pl. īn (< ǧāʾa I)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">coming</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>جدي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>gidī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">male goat</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>جنن II ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ǧannan</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to drive sb. crazy</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>حتاج VIII إلى ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḥjāǧ ʾla</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to need or require sth. or sb.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>حثيث</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḥaṯīṯ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">swiftly</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>حرمة ج حريم</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḥorma, pl. ḥarīm</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">woman, wife<a href="#fn7" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>حصل I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḥaṣal</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to find one another, to run into one another</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>حلب I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḥalab</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">here: to milk (i.e. a goat or a cow)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>حمو، حموه، ليش</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḥmū(h); lēš (< li-ʾay šayʾ)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">why (interr.)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>حيى II</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḥayyā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to greet sb., to keep alive</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>خابر IV</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḫābar</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to shake hands</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>خلا II</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḫallā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">let<a href="#fn8" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>خيب II</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḫayyeb</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to disappoint</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>درى I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>darā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to be knowledgable about</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ذا</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḏā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">this, m.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ذاق I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḏāq</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to try, to taste</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>راح I على ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>rāḥ ʿalā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to escape sb., to not be noticed by sb.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>راقد</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>rāqid</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">sleeping</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>رباعة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ribāʿa</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">together, group<a href="#fn9" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ربشة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>rabše</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">disarray, chaos<a href="#fn10" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>رستاق</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>(ar-)rustāq</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">City in the region of ad-Dāḫiliyya.<a href="#fn11" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>زعل I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>zaʿl</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to be angry</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>زهق I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>zahaq</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to perish</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>زين، نزين</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>(n)zeyn</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">good, awesome, okay, fine, yes<a href="#fn12" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>سالفة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>sālifa</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">story<a href="#fn13" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>سوى II</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>sawwā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to do, to make<a href="#fn14" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>شراي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>šarrāy (< šarā I?)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">buyer</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>شريحة ج شرايح المجتمع</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>šarīḥa, pl. šarāyḥ (< šarāʾiḥ) al-muǧtamʿ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">social class, walk of life</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>شوش II</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>šawwaš</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to mess up, to bring into disarray</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>شوي/ شوية</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>šwey/šweyye</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">some, a little, a bit</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>شي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>šey (< šayʾ)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">thing, object</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>صاحي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ṣāḥī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">clear of mind</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>صار/ يصير I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ṣār/yeṣīr</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to happen, pass, transpire, occur</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>صاير I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ṣāyir</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">occurring</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ضرب عيوش</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ḍarb ʿoyūš</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">heap of rice<a href="#fn15" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>عادي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʾādī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">normal, yes of course, no worries</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>عالة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʿāla</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">burden</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>عب</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʿab</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">here: so<a href="#fn16" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>علشان</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʾalšān (< ʾalā šaʾn)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">because, for, in order to<a href="#fn17" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>عوام ج</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ʿawām</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">years</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>غراب</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ġrāb</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">raven</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>غلط I ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ġalaṭ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to wrong sb.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>فل أوبتشن</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ful optšn</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">fully equipped, having all the extras (<em>full-option</em>)<a href="#fn18" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>قوطي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>qūtī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">small can</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>قيد الحياة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>qayd al-ḥayā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">shackles of life</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>كذا، كذاك</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>kiḏā, kiḏāk (< ka-ḏālika)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">like so, this way</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>كي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>key</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">(interjection)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>لا يريحني</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>lā yurīḥunī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">it does not pleasure me<a href="#fn19" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>لجل</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>lagal</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">water reservoir, water basin</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ما رمت I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mā rumt (< rāma I?)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">I can’t/won’t</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ما يستوي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mā yastawī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">that’s not right<a href="#fn20" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>متصفد</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mitṣaffid</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">decent, orderly, composed</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مجالس ج</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>magālis</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">living rooms</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>محصن ج ين II</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mḥaṣṣan, pl. īn</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">protected</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>محفة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>maḥiffe</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">stretcher</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>محل اهتمام</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>maḥall ihtimām</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">reason for concern</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مر مر الكرام</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>marra marr al-kirām</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to let s.th. pass as if nothing happened</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مرتبك</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mirtəbik</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">tense, confused, rattled</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مركبة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>markaba</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">vehicle, here: car</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مزايا ج</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mazāyā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">benefits</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مزح I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mazaḥ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to joke, to kid with</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مش، ما</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>miš, mā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">negation particle<a href="#fn21" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مصايب ج</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>maṣayib (< maṣaʾib)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">calamity, disaster, catastrophe</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مطرش I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mṭarš (< pattern mufaʿʿil?)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">sending<a href="#fn22" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>معوق</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>muʿawwq</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">disabled</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>مو، شو</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>mū (< mā huwa?), šū</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">interrogative pronoun (<em>what?</em>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ناوي ج ن I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>nāwī, pl. nāwīn (< nawā I?)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">wanting (sth.)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>نتو(ه)</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>ntū(h) (< ʾantum)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">you (pl. masc.)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>نجر (ه)ذي النجرة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>nagra ḏī n-nigra</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to make a (unnecessary) fuss about sth.<a href="#fn23" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>نزوى</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>nizwā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">City in the region of ad-Dāḫiliyya.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>سولف I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>sōləf</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to chat, chitchat<a href="#fn24" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>نعى I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>naʿā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to bemoan</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>نقة معينة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>nuqta muʿayyina</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">destination</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>نقص I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>naqaṣ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to miss, lack sth.<a href="#fn25" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ها</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>hā</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">Intensification particle, mostly suffigated.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>هذه، ذي</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>hāḏī, ḏī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">this, f.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>هم I ه ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>hamm</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to be of concern (sth. to so.)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>هنا</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>hnā (< hunā, hunāka)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">here, there</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>هين</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>heyn (< ʾayna)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">interrogative pronoun (<em>where?</em>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>هيه، أيه، أيوة</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>hēy, ʾeh, ʾeywa</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">yes</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ودع I ه ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>wadaʿ</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to let/allow (so. [to] do sth.)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>وده I/II (?) ه ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>wadā/yadī or waddā/yaddī</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to bring so. (to swh.)<a href="#fn26" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>ونس/ يونس II ه</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>wannas/yuwannis (< ānasa IV)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">to bear sb. company<a href="#fn27" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>يا ريت I</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>yā reyt (< MSA yā layta I)</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">oh, if only...<a href="#fn28" class="footnoteRef" id="fnref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: right;"><strong>يوم</strong></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><em>yawm</em></td>
<td style="text-align: left;">day; one day; when (temp. rel. pronoun)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div id="refs" class="references">
<div id="ref-wortatlas:menschundnatur">
<p>Behnstedt, Peter, and Manfred Woidich. 2011. <em>Wortatlas Der Arabischen Dialekte</em>. Leiden; Boston: Brill.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-muajamomani">
<p>Ḥabsī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṣāliḥ b. Ḫalfān. 2007. <em>Muʿǧam Al-Mufradāt Al-ʿĀmmiyya Al-ʿUmāniyya</em>. 2nd ed. Muscat: Muʾassasat ʿUmān li-ṣ-Ṣaḥāfa wa-n-Našar wa-l-ʾIʿlān.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-hava">
<p>Hava, Joseph G. 1951. <em>Arabic-English Dictionary. for the Use of Students</em>. Beirut: Catholic Press.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-qamusomani">
<p>l-Ǧāmiʿī, ʾAbū Qāsim Maḥmūd b. Ḥamīd. 2005. <em>Qāmūs Al-Faṣāḥa Al-ʿUmāniyya. Mā ḥafaẓathu-d-Dāriǧa Al-ʿumāniyya Li-L-Luġa Al-ʿarabiyya</em>. Vols. 1-2. Beirut: Dār ʾAḥyāʾ at-Turāṯ al-ʿArabī.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-lane">
<p>Lane, Edward W. 1863. <em>An Arabic-English Lexicon. Derived from the Best and the Most Copious Eastern Sources. Comprising a Very Large Collection of Words and Significations Omitted in the Kámoos, with Supplements to Its Abridged and Defective Explanations, Ample Grammatical and Critical Comments, and Examples in Prose and Verse</em>. Vols. 1-8. London; Edinburgh: Williams; Norgate.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-lisan">
<p>Manẓūr, Ibn. 1290. <em>Lisān Al-ʿArab</em>. Al-Maṭbaʿa al-Amīriyya.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-schulz">
<p>Schulz, Eckehard, and Birgit Bouraima. 2013. <em>Modernes Hocharabisch. Lehrbuch Mit Einer Einführung in Hauptdialekte</em>. 2nd, impr. ed. Leipzig: Ed. Hamouda.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-steingass">
<p>Steingass, Francis J. 1882. <em>The Student’s Arabic-English Dictionary. Companion Volume to the Author’s English-Arabic Dictionary</em>. London: Crosby Lockwood; Son.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-wehr">
<p>Wehr, Hans. 1985. <em>Arabisches Wörterbuch Für Die Schriftsprache Der Gegenwart</em>. 5th ed. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr/>
<section class="footnotes">
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>Predominantly used in the imperative.<a href="#fnref1">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn2"><p>Found outside of most houses; nowadays rarely also made from natural materials.<a href="#fnref2">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn3"><p>The word was transcribed with <em>yāʾ</em> and later edited to contain a <em>ǧīm</em> under the impression that a phonetic change had taken place. Informant B, when looking at the transcript of text I at a later date, disagreed and offered that the word might not be of Arabic origin.<a href="#fnref3">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn4"><p>Said by informant B to be “a very old Omani word”. <span class="citation" data-cites="wortatlas:menschundnatur">(Behnstedt and Woidich 2011, 43)</span> knows the plural to be <em>tatūnīn</em> and suspects it to be children’s language.<a href="#fnref4">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn5"><p>Used for intensification, to make one’s point, or as a question to confirm the receiving part has understood.<a href="#fnref5">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn6"><p>According to both informants, almost exclusively used in the imperative. The other common usage though, as part of religious phrases, is also present in the corpus.<a href="#fnref6">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn7"><p>Used as a day-to-day word and not in a derogatory manner.<a href="#fnref7">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn8"><p>Can be to <em>let s.th. (happen)</em> or, when used as an imperative, also <em>let me (alone)</em> or also <em>let us (do s.th./go)</em>, either used together with another verb or alone.<a href="#fnref8">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn9"><p>QO: “<span class="upright">الرباعة : المجموعة أو القبيلة</span>”.<a href="#fnref9">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn10"><p>QO: “<span class="upright">ربش : الربشة : الفوضى وعدم النظام</span>”<a href="#fnref10">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn11"><p>The English Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rustaq claims for the name to be derived from New Persian <em>rusta</em>, Middle Persian <em>rustag</em> (<em>rustāg</em>?) meaning <em>large village</em>.<a href="#fnref11">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn12"><p>Said to be of Persian origin.<a href="#fnref12">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn13"><p>Independently supported by both informants but not in any of the consulted dictionaries. It shares a root with <span class="upright">نسولف</span>.<a href="#fnref13">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn14"><p>The MSA meaning is <em>to level</em>. QO: “<span class="upright">سوا : يسوّي : يفعل</span>”.<a href="#fnref14">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn15"><p>A large metal plate filled with rice and usually meat or fish on top of it, around which everybody squats and eats from.<a href="#fnref15">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn16"><p>The word might be an interjection. More data would be needed to determine how it is used.<a href="#fnref16">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn17"><p>The writing was suggested by informant B who pointed out that this is the commonly used orthography for the word in day-to-day communication.<a href="#fnref17">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn18"><p>English term used in car advertisements. Not part of OA.<a href="#fnref18">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn19"><p>A possible source could be the root <span class="upright">روح</span> which, in its II<sup>nd</sup> and VIII<sup>th</sup> stems holds the meaning <em>to relax, refreshen</em>.<a href="#fnref19">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn20"><p>Imaginably from MSA <span class="upright">سوي</span> I, <em>to be even</em>.<a href="#fnref20">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn21"><p>Informant B pointed <em>miš</em> out not to be an Omani word.<a href="#fnref21">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn22"><p>QO knows two meanings: “<span class="upright">يدفع بشيء أو يرسل أحدا</span>”. The example given is “<span class="upright">يحتاج أطرش حد يروح يناديه</span>”. Interestingly, the relationship with MSA is explained as “<span class="upright">العلاقة: المطابقة مع إبدال الزاي شينا</span>”, but MSA (√<em>ṭrz</em>) does not explain the meaning in text II either.<a href="#fnref22">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn23"><p>Including the SPP, the verb is pronounced <em>nigrak</em> in text I. Informant B used a different variant, <em>nāgirnak</em>, when discussing the term.<a href="#fnref23">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn24"><p>Quadriliteral.<a href="#fnref24">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn25"><p>Different meaning to MSA, and can neither be found in <span class="citation" data-cites="muajamomani">(Ḥabsī 2007)</span> nor in <span class="citation" data-cites="qamusomani">(l-Ǧāmiʿī 2005)</span> but is independently supported by both informants.<a href="#fnref25">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn26"><p>The word only occurs in text VII and was explained as <em>to bring</em> by both informants. When asked directly, informant B was sure of it being < (√<em>wdy</em>). As two of the four occurrences can be argued to be spoken with a <em>šadda</em> on R2, (√<em>wdd</em>) was considered, but none of its meanings seem to fit and the long vowel in all four occurrences would be difficult to explain as well. There is an entry for “<span class="upright">وده : يودِ : يوصل</span>” (QO), regrettably lacking full vowelisation. The example reads: “<span class="upright">أسير أود الكتاب إلى المكتبة</span>”. An explanation is given which is mostly a copy of the (√<em>wdh</em>) entry in <span class="citation" data-cites="lisan">(Manẓūr 1290)</span>, but then it is written: “<span class="upright">العلاقة: […] أو كأنه يسوق الشيء ويقوده باتجاه شيء ما</span>”. <span class="citation" data-cites="hava">(Hava 1951)</span> contains a similar entry (“<span class="upright">وَدَه يَدِه وَدْهًا ه عَن</span>”) with the translation being <em>[t]o prevent, to remove a. o. from</em>. As any of these is closer to the usage in text VII than <em>to pay blood money</em>, (√<em>wdh</em>) was chosen over (√<em>wdy</em>).<a href="#fnref26">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn27"><p>II<sup>nd</sup>-stem derivation from IV<sup>th</sup>-stem given by informant B and mentioned here because both stems share an MSA meaning.<a href="#fnref27">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn28"><p>Informant B was well aware of the fact that a phonetic change was taking place and explained it as “normal in OA”.<a href="#fnref28">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>
</section>