diff --git a/.changeset/silent-wolves-cry.md b/.changeset/silent-wolves-cry.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f15656d72568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/silent-wolves-cry.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+'@solana/rpc-transport-http': minor
+'@solana/errors': minor
+---
+
+When the HTTP transport throws an error, you can now access the response headers through `e.context.headers`. This can be useful, for instance, if the HTTP error is a 429 Rate Limit error, and the response contains a `Retry-After` header.
+
+```ts
+try {
+    const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();
+} catch (e) {
+    if (isSolanaError(e, SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR)) {
+        if (e.context.code === 429 /* rate limit error */) {
+            const retryAfterHeaderValue = e.context.headers.get('Retry-After');
+            if (retryAfterHeaderValue != null) {
+                // ...
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
diff --git a/packages/errors/src/context.ts b/packages/errors/src/context.ts
index 7f2cb6cc600a..0a32587f304b 100644
--- a/packages/errors/src/context.ts
+++ b/packages/errors/src/context.ts
@@ -506,6 +506,7 @@ export type SolanaErrorContext = DefaultUnspecifiedErrorContextToUndefined<
             value: bigint;
         };
         [SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR]: {
+            headers: Headers;
             message: string;
             statusCode: number;
         };
diff --git a/packages/rpc-transport-http/src/__tests__/http-transport-test.ts b/packages/rpc-transport-http/src/__tests__/http-transport-test.ts
index 72d0a32346e5..382caf78ca87 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-transport-http/src/__tests__/http-transport-test.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-transport-http/src/__tests__/http-transport-test.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ describe('createHttpTransport', () => {
         });
     });
     describe('when the endpoint returns a non-200 status code', () => {
+        let expectedHeaders: Headers;
         beforeEach(() => {
+            expectedHeaders = new Headers([['Sekrit-Response-Header', 'doNotLog']]);
             fetchSpy.mockResolvedValue({
+                headers: expectedHeaders,
                 ok: false,
                 status: 404,
                 statusText: 'We looked everywhere',
@@ -31,11 +34,45 @@ describe('createHttpTransport', () => {
             const requestPromise = makeHttpRequest({ payload: 123 });
             await expect(requestPromise).rejects.toThrow(
                 new SolanaError(SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR, {
+                    headers: expectedHeaders,
                     message: 'We looked everywhere',
                     statusCode: 404,
                 }),
             );
         });
+        it('exposes the response headers on the error context', async () => {
+            expect.assertions(2);
+            let thrownError!: SolanaError<typeof SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR>;
+            try {
+                await makeHttpRequest({ payload: 123 });
+            } catch (e) {
+                thrownError = e as SolanaError<typeof SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR>;
+            }
+            expect(thrownError).toBeDefined();
+            expect(thrownError.context.headers).toBe(expectedHeaders);
+        });
+        it('does not leak the response header values through the error message', async () => {
+            expect.assertions(2);
+            let thrownError!: SolanaError<typeof SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR>;
+            try {
+                await makeHttpRequest({ payload: 123 });
+            } catch (e) {
+                thrownError = e as SolanaError<typeof SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR>;
+            }
+            expect(thrownError).toBeDefined();
+            expect(thrownError.message).not.toMatch(/doNotLog/);
+        });
+        it('the `Headers` on the error context do not leak the header values when stringified', async () => {
+            expect.assertions(2);
+            let thrownError!: SolanaError<typeof SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR>;
+            try {
+                await makeHttpRequest({ payload: 123 });
+            } catch (e) {
+                thrownError = e as SolanaError<typeof SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR>;
+            }
+            expect(thrownError).toBeDefined();
+            expect(`${thrownError.context.headers}`).not.toMatch(/doNotLog/);
+        });
     });
     describe('when the transport fatals', () => {
         beforeEach(() => {
diff --git a/packages/rpc-transport-http/src/http-transport.ts b/packages/rpc-transport-http/src/http-transport.ts
index e06d48fce8eb..f93319413e1f 100644
--- a/packages/rpc-transport-http/src/http-transport.ts
+++ b/packages/rpc-transport-http/src/http-transport.ts
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ export function createHttpTransport(config: Config): RpcTransport {
         const response = await fetch(url, requestInfo);
         if (!response.ok) {
             throw new SolanaError(SOLANA_ERROR__RPC__TRANSPORT_HTTP_ERROR, {
+                headers: response.headers,
                 message: response.statusText,
                 statusCode: response.status,
             });