util.go

package tview

import (
	"math"
	"os"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strconv"

	"github.com/gdamore/tcell/v2"
	"github.com/rivo/uniseg"
)

// Text alignment within a box. Also used to align images.
const (
	AlignLeft = iota
	AlignCenter
	AlignRight
	AlignTop    = 0
	AlignBottom = 2
)

// Common regular expressions.
var (
	colorPattern     = regexp.MustCompile(`\[([a-zA-Z]+|#[0-9a-zA-Z]{6}|\-)?(:([a-zA-Z]+|#[0-9a-zA-Z]{6}|\-)?(:([lbidrus]+|\-)?)?)?\]`)
	regionPattern    = regexp.MustCompile(`\["([a-zA-Z0-9_,;: \-\.]*)"\]`)
	escapePattern    = regexp.MustCompile(`\[([a-zA-Z0-9_,;: \-\."#]+)\[(\[*)\]`)
	nonEscapePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`(\[[a-zA-Z0-9_,;: \-\."#]+\[*)\]`)
	boundaryPattern  = regexp.MustCompile(`(([,\.\-:;!\?&#+]|\n)[ \t\f\r]*|([ \t\f\r]+))`)
	spacePattern     = regexp.MustCompile(`\s+`)
)

// Positions of substrings in regular expressions.
const (
	colorForegroundPos = 1
	colorBackgroundPos = 3
	colorFlagPos       = 5
)

// The number of colors available in the terminal.
var availableColors = 256

// Predefined InputField acceptance functions.
var (
	// InputFieldInteger accepts integers.
	InputFieldInteger func(text string, ch rune) bool

	// InputFieldFloat accepts floating-point numbers.
	InputFieldFloat func(text string, ch rune) bool

	// InputFieldMaxLength returns an input field accept handler which accepts
	// input strings up to a given length. Use it like this:
	//
	//   inputField.SetAcceptanceFunc(InputFieldMaxLength(10)) // Accept up to 10 characters.
	InputFieldMaxLength func(maxLength int) func(text string, ch rune) bool
)

// Package initialization.
func init() {
	// Initialize the predefined input field handlers.
	InputFieldInteger = func(text string, ch rune) bool {
		if text == "-" {
			return true
		}
		_, err := strconv.Atoi(text)
		return err == nil
	}
	InputFieldFloat = func(text string, ch rune) bool {
		if text == "-" || text == "." || text == "-." {
			return true
		}
		_, err := strconv.ParseFloat(text, 64)
		return err == nil
	}
	InputFieldMaxLength = func(maxLength int) func(text string, ch rune) bool {
		return func(text string, ch rune) bool {
			return len([]rune(text)) <= maxLength
		}
	}

	// Determine the number of colors available in the terminal.
	info, err := tcell.LookupTerminfo(os.Getenv("TERM"))
	if err == nil {
		availableColors = info.Colors
	}
}

// styleFromTag takes the given style, defined by a foreground color (fgColor),
// a background color (bgColor), and style attributes, and modifies it based on
// the substrings (tagSubstrings) extracted by the regular expression for color
// tags. The new colors and attributes are returned where empty strings mean
// "don't modify" and a dash ("-") means "reset to default".
func styleFromTag(fgColor, bgColor, attributes string, tagSubstrings []string) (newFgColor, newBgColor, newAttributes string) {
	if tagSubstrings[colorForegroundPos] != "" {
		color := tagSubstrings[colorForegroundPos]
		if color == "-" {
			fgColor = "-"
		} else if color != "" {
			fgColor = color
		}
	}

	if tagSubstrings[colorBackgroundPos-1] != "" {
		color := tagSubstrings[colorBackgroundPos]
		if color == "-" {
			bgColor = "-"
		} else if color != "" {
			bgColor = color
		}
	}

	if tagSubstrings[colorFlagPos-1] != "" {
		flags := tagSubstrings[colorFlagPos]
		if flags == "-" {
			attributes = "-"
		} else if flags != "" {
			attributes = flags
		}
	}

	return fgColor, bgColor, attributes
}

// overlayStyle calculates a new style based on "style" and applying tag-based
// colors/attributes to it (see also styleFromTag()).
func overlayStyle(style tcell.Style, fgColor, bgColor, attributes string) tcell.Style {
	_, _, defAttr := style.Decompose()

	if fgColor != "" && fgColor != "-" {
		style = style.Foreground(tcell.GetColor(fgColor))
	}

	if bgColor != "" && bgColor != "-" {
		style = style.Background(tcell.GetColor(bgColor))
	}

	if attributes == "-" {
		style = style.Bold(defAttr&tcell.AttrBold > 0).
			Italic(defAttr&tcell.AttrItalic > 0).
			Blink(defAttr&tcell.AttrBlink > 0).
			Reverse(defAttr&tcell.AttrReverse > 0).
			Underline(defAttr&tcell.AttrUnderline > 0).
			Dim(defAttr&tcell.AttrDim > 0)
	} else if attributes != "" {
		style = style.Normal()
		for _, flag := range attributes {
			switch flag {
			case 'l':
				style = style.Blink(true)
			case 'b':
				style = style.Bold(true)
			case 'i':
				style = style.Italic(true)
			case 'd':
				style = style.Dim(true)
			case 'r':
				style = style.Reverse(true)
			case 'u':
				style = style.Underline(true)
			case 's':
				style = style.StrikeThrough(true)
			}
		}
	}

	return style
}

// decomposeString returns information about a string which may contain color
// tags or region tags, depending on which ones are requested to be found. It
// returns the indices of the color tags (as returned by
// re.FindAllStringIndex()), the color tags themselves (as returned by
// re.FindAllStringSubmatch()), the indices of region tags and the region tags
// themselves, the indices of an escaped tags (only if at least color tags or
// region tags are requested), the string stripped by any tags and escaped, and
// the screen width of the stripped string.
func decomposeString(text string, findColors, findRegions bool) (colorIndices [][]int, colors [][]string, regionIndices [][]int, regions [][]string, escapeIndices [][]int, stripped string, width int) {
	// Shortcut for the trivial case.
	if !findColors && !findRegions {
		return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, text, uniseg.StringWidth(text)
	}

	// Get positions of any tags.
	if findColors {
		colorIndices = colorPattern.FindAllStringIndex(text, -1)
		colors = colorPattern.FindAllStringSubmatch(text, -1)
	}
	if findRegions {
		regionIndices = regionPattern.FindAllStringIndex(text, -1)
		regions = regionPattern.FindAllStringSubmatch(text, -1)
	}
	escapeIndices = escapePattern.FindAllStringIndex(text, -1)

	// Because the color pattern detects empty tags, we need to filter them out.
	for i := len(colorIndices) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		if colorIndices[i][1]-colorIndices[i][0] == 2 {
			colorIndices = append(colorIndices[:i], colorIndices[i+1:]...)
			colors = append(colors[:i], colors[i+1:]...)
		}
	}

	// Make a (sorted) list of all tags.
	allIndices := make([][3]int, 0, len(colorIndices)+len(regionIndices)+len(escapeIndices))
	for indexType, index := range [][][]int{colorIndices, regionIndices, escapeIndices} {
		for _, tag := range index {
			allIndices = append(allIndices, [3]int{tag[0], tag[1], indexType})
		}
	}
	sort.Slice(allIndices, func(i int, j int) bool {
		return allIndices[i][0] < allIndices[j][0]
	})

	// Remove the tags from the original string.
	var from int
	buf := make([]byte, 0, len(text))
	for _, indices := range allIndices {
		if indices[2] == 2 { // Escape sequences are not simply removed.
			buf = append(buf, []byte(text[from:indices[1]-2])...)
			buf = append(buf, ']')
			from = indices[1]
		} else {
			buf = append(buf, []byte(text[from:indices[0]])...)
			from = indices[1]
		}
	}
	buf = append(buf, text[from:]...)
	stripped = string(buf)

	// Get the width of the stripped string.
	width = uniseg.StringWidth(stripped)

	return
}

// Print prints text onto the screen into the given box at (x,y,maxWidth,1),
// not exceeding that box. "align" is one of AlignLeft, AlignCenter, or
// AlignRight. The screen's background color will not be changed.
//
// You can change the colors and text styles mid-text by inserting a color tag.
// See the package description for details.
//
// Returns the number of actual bytes of the text printed (including color tags)
// and the actual width used for the printed runes.
func Print(screen tcell.Screen, text string, x, y, maxWidth, align int, color tcell.Color) (int, int) {
	bytes, width, _, _ := printWithStyle(screen, text, x, y, 0, maxWidth, align, tcell.StyleDefault.Foreground(color), true)
	return bytes, width
}

// printWithStyle works like Print() but it takes a style instead of just a
// foreground color. The skipWidth parameter specifies the number of cells
// skipped at the beginning of the text. It also returns the start and end index
// (exclusively) of the text actually printed. If maintainBackground is "true",
// The existing screen background is not changed (i.e. the style's background
// color is ignored).
func printWithStyle(screen tcell.Screen, text string, x, y, skipWidth, maxWidth, align int, style tcell.Style, maintainBackground bool) (int, int, int, int) {
	totalWidth, totalHeight := screen.Size()
	if maxWidth <= 0 || len(text) == 0 || y < 0 || y >= totalHeight {
		return 0, 0, 0, 0
	}

	// Decompose the text.
	colorIndices, colors, _, _, escapeIndices, strippedText, strippedWidth := decomposeString(text, true, false)

	// We want to reduce all alignments to AlignLeft.
	if align == AlignRight {
		if strippedWidth-skipWidth <= maxWidth {
			// There's enough space for the entire text.
			return printWithStyle(screen, text, x+maxWidth-strippedWidth+skipWidth, y, skipWidth, maxWidth, AlignLeft, style, maintainBackground)
		}
		// Trim characters off the beginning.
		var (
			bytes, width, colorPos, escapePos, tagOffset, from, to int
			foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes           string
		)
		originalStyle := style
		iterateString(strippedText, func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos, textWidth, screenPos, screenWidth, boundaries int) bool {
			// Update color/escape tag offset and style.
			if colorPos < len(colorIndices) && textPos+tagOffset >= colorIndices[colorPos][0] && textPos+tagOffset < colorIndices[colorPos][1] {
				foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes = styleFromTag(foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes, colors[colorPos])
				style = overlayStyle(originalStyle, foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes)
				tagOffset += colorIndices[colorPos][1] - colorIndices[colorPos][0]
				colorPos++
			}
			if escapePos < len(escapeIndices) && textPos+tagOffset >= escapeIndices[escapePos][0] && textPos+tagOffset < escapeIndices[escapePos][1] {
				tagOffset++
				escapePos++
			}
			if strippedWidth-screenPos <= maxWidth {
				// We chopped off enough.
				if escapePos > 0 && textPos+tagOffset-1 >= escapeIndices[escapePos-1][0] && textPos+tagOffset-1 < escapeIndices[escapePos-1][1] {
					// Unescape open escape sequences.
					escapeCharPos := escapeIndices[escapePos-1][1] - 2
					text = text[:escapeCharPos] + text[escapeCharPos+1:]
				}
				// Print and return.
				bytes, width, from, to = printWithStyle(screen, text[textPos+tagOffset:], x, y, 0, maxWidth, AlignLeft, style, maintainBackground)
				from += textPos + tagOffset
				to += textPos + tagOffset
				return true
			}
			return false
		})
		return bytes, width, from, to
	} else if align == AlignCenter {
		if strippedWidth-skipWidth == maxWidth {
			// Use the exact space.
			return printWithStyle(screen, text, x, y, skipWidth, maxWidth, AlignLeft, style, maintainBackground)
		} else if strippedWidth-skipWidth < maxWidth {
			// We have more space than we need.
			half := (maxWidth - strippedWidth + skipWidth) / 2
			return printWithStyle(screen, text, x+half, y, skipWidth, maxWidth-half, AlignLeft, style, maintainBackground)
		} else {
			// Chop off runes until we have a perfect fit.
			var choppedLeft, choppedRight, leftIndex, rightIndex int
			rightIndex = len(strippedText)
			for rightIndex-1 > leftIndex && strippedWidth-skipWidth-choppedLeft-choppedRight > maxWidth {
				if skipWidth > 0 || choppedLeft < choppedRight {
					// Iterate on the left by one character.
					iterateString(strippedText[leftIndex:], func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos, textWidth, screenPos, screenWidth, boundaries int) bool {
						if skipWidth > 0 {
							skipWidth -= screenWidth
							strippedWidth -= screenWidth
						} else {
							choppedLeft += screenWidth
						}
						leftIndex += textWidth
						return true
					})
				} else {
					// Iterate on the right by one character.
					iterateStringReverse(strippedText[leftIndex:rightIndex], func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos, textWidth, screenPos, screenWidth int) bool {
						choppedRight += screenWidth
						rightIndex -= textWidth
						return true
					})
				}
			}

			// Add tag offsets and determine start style.
			var (
				colorPos, escapePos, tagOffset               int
				foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes string
			)
			originalStyle := style
			for index := range strippedText {
				// We only need the offset of the left index.
				if index > leftIndex {
					// We're done.
					if escapePos > 0 && leftIndex+tagOffset-1 >= escapeIndices[escapePos-1][0] && leftIndex+tagOffset-1 < escapeIndices[escapePos-1][1] {
						// Unescape open escape sequences.
						escapeCharPos := escapeIndices[escapePos-1][1] - 2
						text = text[:escapeCharPos] + text[escapeCharPos+1:]
					}
					break
				}

				// Update color/escape tag offset.
				if colorPos < len(colorIndices) && index+tagOffset >= colorIndices[colorPos][0] && index+tagOffset < colorIndices[colorPos][1] {
					if index <= leftIndex {
						foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes = styleFromTag(foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes, colors[colorPos])
						style = overlayStyle(originalStyle, foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes)
					}
					tagOffset += colorIndices[colorPos][1] - colorIndices[colorPos][0]
					colorPos++
				}
				if escapePos < len(escapeIndices) && index+tagOffset >= escapeIndices[escapePos][0] && index+tagOffset < escapeIndices[escapePos][1] {
					tagOffset++
					escapePos++
				}
			}
			bytes, width, from, to := printWithStyle(screen, text[leftIndex+tagOffset:], x, y, 0, maxWidth, AlignLeft, style, maintainBackground)
			from += leftIndex + tagOffset
			to += leftIndex + tagOffset
			return bytes, width, from, to
		}
	}

	// Draw text.
	var (
		drawn, drawnWidth, colorPos, escapePos, tagOffset, from, to int
		foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes                string
	)
	iterateString(strippedText, func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos, length, screenPos, screenWidth, boundaries int) bool {
		// Skip character if necessary.
		if skipWidth > 0 {
			skipWidth -= screenWidth
			from = textPos + length
			to = from
			return false
		}

		// Only continue if there is still space.
		if drawnWidth+screenWidth > maxWidth || x+drawnWidth >= totalWidth {
			return true
		}

		// Handle color tags.
		for colorPos < len(colorIndices) && textPos+tagOffset >= colorIndices[colorPos][0] && textPos+tagOffset < colorIndices[colorPos][1] {
			foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes = styleFromTag(foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes, colors[colorPos])
			tagOffset += colorIndices[colorPos][1] - colorIndices[colorPos][0]
			colorPos++
		}

		// Handle escape tags.
		if escapePos < len(escapeIndices) && textPos+tagOffset >= escapeIndices[escapePos][0] && textPos+tagOffset < escapeIndices[escapePos][1] {
			if textPos+tagOffset == escapeIndices[escapePos][1]-2 {
				tagOffset++
				escapePos++
			}
		}

		// Memorize positions.
		to = textPos + length

		// Print the rune sequence.
		finalX := x + drawnWidth
		finalStyle := style
		if maintainBackground {
			_, _, existingStyle, _ := screen.GetContent(finalX, y)
			_, background, _ := existingStyle.Decompose()
			finalStyle = finalStyle.Background(background)
		}
		finalStyle = overlayStyle(finalStyle, foregroundColor, backgroundColor, attributes)
		for offset := screenWidth - 1; offset >= 0; offset-- {
			// To avoid undesired effects, we populate all cells.
			if offset == 0 {
				screen.SetContent(finalX+offset, y, main, comb, finalStyle)
			} else {
				screen.SetContent(finalX+offset, y, ' ', nil, finalStyle)
			}
		}

		// Advance.
		drawn += length
		drawnWidth += screenWidth

		return false
	})

	return drawn + tagOffset + len(escapeIndices), drawnWidth, from, to
}

// PrintSimple prints white text to the screen at the given position.
func PrintSimple(screen tcell.Screen, text string, x, y int) {
	Print(screen, text, x, y, math.MaxInt32, AlignLeft, Styles.PrimaryTextColor)
}

// TaggedStringWidth returns the width of the given string needed to print it on
// screen. The text may contain color tags which are not counted.
func TaggedStringWidth(text string) int {
	_, _, _, _, _, _, width := decomposeString(text, true, false)
	return width
}

// WordWrap splits a text such that each resulting line does not exceed the
// given screen width. Possible split points are after any punctuation or
// whitespace. Whitespace after split points will be dropped.
//
// This function considers color tags to have no width.
//
// Text is always split at newline characters ('\n').
func WordWrap(text string, width int) (lines []string) {
	colorTagIndices, _, _, _, escapeIndices, strippedText, _ := decomposeString(text, true, false)

	// Find candidate breakpoints.
	breakpoints := boundaryPattern.FindAllStringSubmatchIndex(strippedText, -1)
	// Results in one entry for each candidate. Each entry is an array a of
	// indices into strippedText where a[6] < 0 for newline/punctuation matches
	// and a[4] < 0 for whitespace matches.

	// Process stripped text one character at a time.
	var (
		colorPos, escapePos, breakpointPos, tagOffset      int
		lastBreakpoint, lastContinuation, currentLineStart int
		lineWidth, overflow                                int
		forceBreak                                         bool
	)
	unescape := func(substr string, startIndex int) string {
		// A helper function to unescape escaped tags.
		for index := escapePos; index >= 0; index-- {
			if index < len(escapeIndices) && startIndex > escapeIndices[index][0] && startIndex < escapeIndices[index][1]-1 {
				pos := escapeIndices[index][1] - 2 - startIndex
				return substr[:pos] + substr[pos+1:]
			}
		}
		return substr
	}
	iterateString(strippedText, func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos, textWidth, screenPos, screenWidth, boundaries int) bool {
		// Handle tags.
		for {
			if colorPos < len(colorTagIndices) && textPos+tagOffset >= colorTagIndices[colorPos][0] && textPos+tagOffset < colorTagIndices[colorPos][1] {
				// Colour tags.
				tagOffset += colorTagIndices[colorPos][1] - colorTagIndices[colorPos][0]
				colorPos++
			} else if escapePos < len(escapeIndices) && textPos+tagOffset == escapeIndices[escapePos][1]-2 {
				// Escape tags.
				tagOffset++
				escapePos++
			} else {
				break
			}
		}

		// Is this a breakpoint?
		if breakpointPos < len(breakpoints) && textPos+tagOffset == breakpoints[breakpointPos][0] {
			// Yes, it is. Set up breakpoint infos depending on its type.
			lastBreakpoint = breakpoints[breakpointPos][0] + tagOffset
			lastContinuation = breakpoints[breakpointPos][1] + tagOffset
			overflow = 0
			forceBreak = main == '\n'
			if breakpoints[breakpointPos][6] < 0 && !forceBreak {
				lastBreakpoint++ // Don't skip punctuation.
			}
			breakpointPos++
		}

		// Check if a break is warranted.
		if forceBreak || lineWidth > 0 && lineWidth+screenWidth > width {
			breakpoint := lastBreakpoint
			continuation := lastContinuation
			if forceBreak {
				breakpoint = textPos + tagOffset
				continuation = textPos + tagOffset + 1
				lastBreakpoint = 0
				overflow = 0
			} else if lastBreakpoint <= currentLineStart {
				breakpoint = textPos + tagOffset
				continuation = textPos + tagOffset
				overflow = 0
			}
			lines = append(lines, unescape(text[currentLineStart:breakpoint], currentLineStart))
			currentLineStart, lineWidth, forceBreak = continuation, overflow, false
		}

		// Remember the characters since the last breakpoint.
		if lastBreakpoint > 0 && lastContinuation <= textPos+tagOffset {
			overflow += screenWidth
		}

		// Advance.
		lineWidth += screenWidth

		// But if we're still inside a breakpoint, skip next character (whitespace).
		if textPos+tagOffset < currentLineStart {
			lineWidth -= screenWidth
		}

		return false
	})

	// Flush the rest.
	if currentLineStart < len(text) {
		lines = append(lines, unescape(text[currentLineStart:], currentLineStart))
	}

	return
}

// Escape escapes the given text such that color and/or region tags are not
// recognized and substituted by the print functions of this package. For
// example, to include a tag-like string in a box title or in a TextView:
//
//	box.SetTitle(tview.Escape("[squarebrackets]"))
//	fmt.Fprint(textView, tview.Escape(`["quoted"]`))
func Escape(text string) string {
	return nonEscapePattern.ReplaceAllString(text, "$1[]")
}

// iterateString iterates through the given string one printed character at a
// time. For each such character, the callback function is called with the
// Unicode code points of the character (the first rune and any combining runes
// which may be nil if there aren't any), the starting position (in bytes)
// within the original string, its length in bytes, the screen position of the
// character, the screen width of it, and a boundaries value which includes
// word/sentence boundary or line break information (see the
// github.com/rivo/uniseg package, Step() function, for more information). The
// iteration stops if the callback returns true. This function returns true if
// the iteration was stopped before the last character.
func iterateString(text string, callback func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos, textWidth, screenPos, screenWidth, boundaries int) bool) bool {
	var screenPos, textPos, boundaries int

	state := -1
	for len(text) > 0 {
		var cluster string
		cluster, text, boundaries, state = uniseg.StepString(text, state)

		width := boundaries >> uniseg.ShiftWidth
		runes := []rune(cluster)
		var comb []rune
		if len(runes) > 1 {
			comb = runes[1:]
		}

		if callback(runes[0], comb, textPos, len(cluster), screenPos, width, boundaries) {
			return true
		}

		screenPos += width
		textPos += len(cluster)
	}

	return false
}

// iterateStringReverse iterates through the given string in reverse, starting
// from the end of the string, one printed character at a time. For each such
// character, the callback function is called with the Unicode code points of
// the character (the first rune and any combining runes which may be nil if
// there aren't any), the starting position (in bytes) within the original
// string, its length in bytes, the screen position of the character, and the
// screen width of it. The iteration stops if the callback returns true. This
// function returns true if the iteration was stopped before the last character.
func iterateStringReverse(text string, callback func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos, textWidth, screenPos, screenWidth int) bool) bool {
	type cluster struct {
		main                                       rune
		comb                                       []rune
		textPos, textWidth, screenPos, screenWidth int
	}

	// Create the grapheme clusters.
	var clusters []cluster
	iterateString(text, func(main rune, comb []rune, textPos int, textWidth int, screenPos int, screenWidth, boundaries int) bool {
		clusters = append(clusters, cluster{
			main:        main,
			comb:        comb,
			textPos:     textPos,
			textWidth:   textWidth,
			screenPos:   screenPos,
			screenWidth: screenWidth,
		})
		return false
	})

	// Iterate in reverse.
	for index := len(clusters) - 1; index >= 0; index-- {
		if callback(
			clusters[index].main,
			clusters[index].comb,
			clusters[index].textPos,
			clusters[index].textWidth,
			clusters[index].screenPos,
			clusters[index].screenWidth,
		) {
			return true
		}
	}

	return false
}

// stripTags strips colour tags from the given string. (Region tags are not
// stripped.)
func stripTags(text string) string {
	stripped := colorPattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(text, func(match string) string {
		if len(match) > 2 {
			return ""
		}
		return match
	})
	return escapePattern.ReplaceAllString(stripped, `[$1$2]`)
}