Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
404 lines (284 loc) · 14.4 KB

README.md

File metadata and controls

404 lines (284 loc) · 14.4 KB
Raw

Malware Forensics (MalFor) Work Report

Word Count

Section Word Count
Summary 69
Methodology 12
Malware Details 10
Static Analysis 348
Dynamic Analysis 382
Reverse Engineering 355
Origins and Removal 45
Conclusions and Recommendations 91
Total 1374

Contents

Summary:

Previligelogin action breaking with the audit privilege bypassing & Delegate session user Imperonate Privilege.

User with Privileges Logon

Detects logon with "Special groups" and "Special Privileges" can be thought of as Administrator groups or privileges.

Sigma Integrated Rule Set (GitHub) - frack113

Context For The Matching Events

EventID:4672
PrivilegeList:SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege SeTcbPrivilege SeSecurityPrivilege
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege SeLoadDriverPrivilege SeBackupPrivilege SeRestorePrivilege
SeDebugPrivilege SeAuditPrivilege SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege SeImpersonatePrivilege
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege
SubjectUserName:SYSTEM
SubjectLogonId:999
SubjectUserSid:S-1-5-18
SubjectDomainName:NT AUTHORITY

Methodology:

Used Ida Pro, Virustotal, Hybrid-Analysis, HxD & such linux commands for analyze it.

Malware Details

MITRE ATTACK techniques detection with native API execution & CAE connections.

Static Analysis

Here used Kernel based API for accessing and bypassing the Privilege logon. API preference all are kernel based.

● Suspicious Indicators4
● Unusual Characteristics 
Input file contains API references not part of its Import Address Table (IAT)
○ details
Found string "getsockname" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: WS2_32.DLL)
Found string "getsockopt" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: WS2_32.DLL)
Found string "GetFinalPathNameByHandleW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
Found string "getEncodingFromLangID" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: FAKEBANKLOGIN.EXE)Found string "getJavaIDFromLangID" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: FAKEBANKLOGIN.EXE)
Found string "initialize" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: FAKEBANKLOGIN.EXE)
Found string "GetFileVersionInfoSizeW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: VERSION.DLL)
Found string "GetFileVersionInfoW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: VERSION.DLL)
Found string "VerQueryValueW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: VERSION.DLL)
Found string "GetUserNameW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: ADVAPI32.DLL)
Found string "OpenProcessToken" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: ADVAPI32.DLL)
Found string "GetUserProfileDirectoryW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: USERENV.DLL)
Found string "CloseHandle" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
Found string "CreateEventA" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
Found string "CreateFileMappingW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
Found string "CreateFileW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
Found string "DuplicateHandle" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
Found string "FlushFileBuffers" (Source:582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
Found string "GetCurrentDirectoryW" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
Found string "GetCurrentProcess" (Source:
582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin,
API is part of module: KERNELBASE.DLL)
source
String
relevance
10/10

Using String analysis, Located can accessor about executable logon file. There is many sequences defect by malicious section.

& some local parameters setup detected from strings like remote connection Alogithm parameters & their connections in a thread.

The functions Overlapping-

Need to change the accessor mode & the privilege logon.

Dynamic Analysis:

Mode & Ability-

Environment Awareness

● Contains ability to read software policies
● details
      "fakebanklogin.exe" (Path:
      "HKLM\SOFTWARE\POLICIES\MICROSOFT\WINDOWS\SAFER\CODEIDENTIFI
      ERS"; Key: "TRANSPARENTENABLED")
      source
      Registry Access
      relevance
      1/10
      ATT&CK ID
      T1082

● Contains registry location strings
● details
      "System\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation"
      "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Time Zones"
      "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Time Zones"
      source
      String
      relevance
      1/10
      ATT&CK ID
      T1012

Found API related strings

details

      "IP Helper Library GetIfTable function failed" (Indicator: "GetIfTable")
      "IP Helper Library GetIpAddrTable function failed" (Indicator: "GetIpAddrTable")
      "Software caused connection abort" (Indicator: "connect")
      "Socket is already connected" (Indicator: "connect")
      "Too many open files" (Indicator: "open")
      "Network dropped connection on reset" (Indicator: "connect")
      "No buffer space available (maximum connections reached?)" (Indicator: "connect")
      "Socket is not connected" (Indicator: "connect")
      "Socket operation on nonsocket" (Indicator: "socket")
      "Protocol wrong type for socket" (Indicator: "socket")
      "Cannot send after socket shutdown" (Indicator: "send")
      "Successful WSAStartup not yet performed" (Indicator: "WSAStartup")"IP Helper Library GetAdaptersAddresses function failed with
      ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER" (Indicator: "GetAdaptersAddresses")
      "IP Helper Library GetAdaptersAddresses function failed with
      ERROR_ADDRESS_NOT_ASSOCIATED" (Indicator: "GetAdaptersAddresses")
      "IP Helper Library GetAdaptersAddresses function failed with error == %d"
      (Indicator: "GetAdaptersAddresses")
      "IP Helper Library GetAdaptersAddresses function failure" (Indicator:
      "GetAdaptersAddresses")
      "SetFilePointerEx failed" (Indicator: "SetFilePointer")
      "getsockname" (Indicator: "getsockname")
      "GetFullPathNameW failed" (Indicator: "GetFullPathNameW")
      "Could not open file" (Indicator: "open")
Source String
Relevance 1/10

Spyware/Information Retrieval

● Contains ability to determine disk drive type (API string)
● details
      Observed api string:"GetDriveTypeW" [Source:
      582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin]
      source
      String
      relevance
      1/10
      ATT&CK ID
      T1082

Contains ability to retrieve the name of the user associated with the current thread (API string)

details

      Observed api string:"GetUserNameW" [Source:
      582a5a8f175b49dffb9a0d63a6c334ac914d4b3e0320a4c6ee33f7fbef7267bb.bin]
Source String
Relevance 1/10
ATT&CK ID : T1106

**Unusual Characteristics

● Possibly uses a Windows Server utility
● details
      "JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionIndexes called: Unimplemented" (Indicator: "exes")
      "JVM_GetMethodIxExceptionIndexes" (Indicator: "exes")
      source
      String
      relevance
      10/10

IP Traffic

      192.168.0.1:137 (UDP)
      20.99.133.109:443 (TCP)
      20.99.184.37:443 (TCP)
      23.216.147.76:443 (TCP)

**Process And Service Actions

Processes Tree**

    2240 - %windir%\System32\svchost.exe -k WerSvcGroup
    2700 - %SAMPLEPATH%
    2740 - %WINDIR%\explorer.exe
    2956 - wmiadap.exe /F /T /R3000 - %windir%\system32\wbem\wmiprvse.exe
    3388 - %SAMPLEPATH%\fakebanklogin.exe
    3972 - C:\Windows\System32\wuapihost.exe
    616 - C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe
    7464 - "C:\Users\user\Desktop\fakebanklogin.exe"

User with Privileges Logon

Reverse Engineering:

There are two kinds of disassembly syntax. They are Intel and ATT Intel, respectively. Both of them do not change the code, only the way it is displayed. The images below depict source code and equivalent assembly instructions.

Assembly syntax is divided into two parts. The opcode is a part of the instruction that instructs the processor on what to do (MOV, PUSH). The operand is a component of the instruction that contains the data to be acted on, or the data's memory location in a register (eax 0, esp 10h).

In this algorithm, machine code in executable PE sections is disassembled sequentially. It begins with the first byte in the.text section and decodes each byte until it encounters an illegal instruction. It does not support control flow features such as branches. The main issue with the algorithm is that it does not take control of the program flow and is vulnerable to errors intentionally left in the instruction stream to derail the algorithm from its path. Another issue is that this algorithm cannot distinguish between code and data in a binary file because it decodes each byte as code as long as it appears to be a legitimate code byte. Many unnecessary data bytes are interpreted as assembly instructions as a result.

Linear Sweep is a much more complex and effective approach. This algorithm does not disassemble code in a linear fashion. It is based on the control flow concept. When a branch instruction is identified by the dissembler, the addresses at which the branch instruction blocks begin are determined, and the branch instruction blocks are disassembled.

Jumping to Branch Block. Noted by green arrow in IDA:-

The binary file is executed during the disassembly process, and its execution is monitored to identify the instruction actions and behavior; the execution is made for some input sets, and as a result, some binary file instruction streams can be avoided. An external tool is keeping track of this execution (debugger). The size of the executable file has no effect on the speed of disassembly because it only disassembles parts related to the real-time execution process.

Origins and Removal:

Possibly IP Traffic:

    192.168.0.1:137 (UDP)
    20.99.133.109:443 (TCP)
    20.99.184.37:443 (TCP)
    23.216.147.76:443 (TCP)

Manage the memory map & the accessor map for the Privilege logon & their remote connection setup assemble from here-

Conclusions and Recommendations:

Reverse engineering methods have some limitations. The article primarily focused on the disassembly process as a reverse engineering method. During the disassembly process,

It is impossible to completely disassemble an application before it is compiled. The disassembler tool would not generate disassembly comments or textual identifiers such as variable and label names if run on machine code.

Because many disassemblers sequentially disassemble machine code, a single disassembly error can result in many subsequent bytes being incorrectly interpreted, and it can also be very difficult to disassemble an application due to obfuscation.

References:

    1. Hoglund, G. & McGraw, G. (2004) Decompiling And Disassembling Software | Reverse Engineering And Program Understanding | Informit [Online] Available from: [20 February 2020].
    2. Sikorski, M. & Honig, A. (2012) Practical Malware Analysis. 2nd edn. India:MGHills.
    2. Veracode Inc. (2020) Static Testing Vs. Dynamic Testing [Online] Available from: [20 February 2020].
    2. Yan, K. (n.d) System — C++ Reference from GeekfromGeek [Online] Available from: [2 May 2020]