Bump katex, rehype-katex and micromark-extension-math

Bumps [katex](https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX) to 0.16.10 and updates ancestor dependencies [katex](https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX), [rehype-katex](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-math) and [micromark-extension-math](https://github.com/micromark/micromark-extension-math). These dependencies need to be updated together.


Updates `katex` from 0.13.24 to 0.16.10
- [Release notes](https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](KaTeX/KaTeX@v0.13.24...v0.16.10)

Updates `rehype-katex` from 6.0.2 to 6.0.3
- [Release notes](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-math/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-math/compare/[email protected]@6.0.3)

Updates `micromark-extension-math` from 2.0.2 to 2.1.2
- [Release notes](https://github.com/micromark/micromark-extension-math/releases)
- [Commits](micromark/micromark-extension-math@2.0.2...2.1.2)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: katex
  dependency-type: indirect
- dependency-name: rehype-katex
  dependency-type: direct:production
- dependency-name: micromark-extension-math
  dependency-type: indirect
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>