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Setting up an NGINX web server on a Raspberry Pi

NGINX (pronounced engine x) is a popular lightweight web server application you can install on the Raspberry Pi to allow it to serve web pages.

Like Apache, NGINX can serve HTML files over HTTP, and with additional modules can serve dynamic web pages using scripting languages such as PHP.

Refresh database of available packages

Ensure that the package manager has up-to-date information about which packages are available:

sudo apt update

You only need to do this occasionally, but it's the most likely solution if subsequent steps fail with messages like:

  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

Install NGINX

First install the nginx package by typing the following command in to the Terminal:

sudo apt install nginx

and start the server with:

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

Test the web server

By default, NGINX puts a test HTML file in the web folder. This default web page is served when you browse to http://localhost/ on the Pi itself, or http://192.168.1.10 (whatever the Pi's IP address is) from another computer on the network. To find the Pi's IP address, type hostname -I at the command line (or read more about finding your IP address).

Browse to the default web page either on the Pi or from another computer on the network and you should see the following:

NGINX welcome page

Changing the default web page

NGINX defaults its web page location to /var/www/html on Raspbian. Navigate to this folder and edit or replace index.nginx-debian.html as you like. You can confirm the default page location at /etc/nginx/sites-available on the line which starts with 'root', should you need to.

Additional - Install PHP

sudo apt install php-fpm

Enable PHP in NGINX

cd /etc/nginx
sudo nano sites-enabled/default

find the line

index index.html index.htm;

roughly around line 25 (Press CTRL + C in nano to see the current line number)

Add index.php after index to look like this:

index index.php index.html index.htm;

Scroll down until you find a section with the following content:

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
# location ~ \.php$ {

Edit by removing the # characters on the following lines:

location ~ \.php$ {
	include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
	fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}

It should look like this:

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {
                include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        
		# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
		fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
		# With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
	#	fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        }

Reload the configuration file

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx reload

Test PHP

Rename index.nginx-debian.html to index.php:

cd /var/www/html/
sudo mv index.nginx-debian.html index.php

Open index.php with a text editor:

sudo nano index.php

Add some dynamic PHP content by replacing the current content:

<?php echo phpinfo(); ?>

Save and refresh your browser. You should see a page with the PHP version, logo and current configuration settings.