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Raspberry Pi documentation glossary

  • A/mA – Ampere/milliampere, the base unit of electrical current.
  • API - Application Programming Interface, a set of subroutine definitions, communication protocols, and tools used for building software.
  • Arm – A series of instruction-set architectures and processor microarchitectures, mostly developed by Arm Holdings based in Cambridge, UK.
  • Armv6 – The instruction set architecture used on the first Raspberry Pi (Pi 1) and the Pi Zero range.
  • Armv7 – The instruction set architecture used on the Raspberry Pi 2 range.
  • Armv8 – The instruction set architecture used on the Raspberry Pi 3 range; very similar to Armv7 in 32-bit mode.
  • Bare metal - Programming the Raspberry Pi without using an operating system.
  • BCM2835 – The SoC used on the Raspberry Pi 1, Compute Module 1, and Raspberry Pi Zero range; see our official documentation.
  • BCM2836 – The SoC used on the original Raspberry Pi 2; see our official documentation.
  • BCM2837 – The SoC used on the Raspberry Pi 3, Compute Module 3, and Raspberry Pi 2 version 1.2; see our official documentation.
  • BCM2711 – The SoC used on the Raspberry Pi 4B; see our official documentation.
  • BLE/BTLE - Bluetooth Low Energy, a low-power version of the Bluetooth wireless communications protocol.
  • BT - Bluetooth, a short-range, low-bandwidth, wireless communication protocol often used for mobile devices.
  • CODEC – Coder/Decoder, hardware or software blocks that encode and/or decode video or audio data.
  • Compute Module - A Pi variant aimed at commercial customers; uses a different form factor, facilitating use inside other products.
  • config.txt – A file located on the boot partition of a Raspberry Pi's SD card that is parsed at boot time in order to enable, disable, and manage operating system features which cannot be changed after booting; see our official documentation.
  • CSI – Camera Serial Interface, a hardware interface for connecting cameras to SoCs.
  • DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a network management protocol which dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to each device on a network.
  • DPI – Parallel Display Interface, an up to 24-bit parallel RGB interface via the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins.
  • DSI – Display Serial Interface, a hardware interface for connecting LCD panels.
  • Device Tree (DT) – A data structure for defining hardware.
  • Device Tree source (DTS) – a human-readable source file to be compiled into a DTB.
  • Device Tree blob (DTB) – A binary file containing a Device Tree; the result of compiling DTS files.
  • dt-blob.bin – a binary file containing initial GPIO configuration that is read by the firmware at boot time; despite the name, this is not Device Tree blob (although it is compiled by the Device Tree tools).
  • DVI – Digital Visual Interface, a video interface for connecting a source device to a monitor or display; electrically compatible with HDMI, so a simple adapter can convert from one to the other (excluding audio, which DVI does not support).
  • balenaEtcher - The tool we recommend for programming SD cards ready for use on our devices; available for Linux, Windows, and Mac.
  • FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions! See our [FAQ]../faqs/).
  • Firmware – Software that runs on a particular hardware device, for example a wireless chip or dongle; distinct from the usual software running on the Raspberry Pi in that it is usually a fixed binary blob of data that is loaded on to the device at startup; on the Raspberry Pi, the VC4 GPU requires firmware to be loaded to it at startup in order boot up and run the entire system.
  • GNU - The GNU Project is a free software mass collaboration project, which has produced huge amounts of software that is used on the Raspberry Pi, including Linux itself.
  • GPIO – General Purpose Input/Output, the programmable pins on the Raspberry Pi.
  • GPU – Graphical Processing Unit, a hardware device for handling graphical (and related) tasks at high speed; on the Raspberry Pi range up to the Pi 3B+, this is called the VideoCore4 (VC4), and is built into the SoC. On the Pi 4, a newer and faster version called VideoCore6 (VC6) is used.
  • HAT - Hardware Attached on Top, a specification for designing devices to attach to the Raspberry Pi; see the launch announcement.
  • HDMI – High-Definition Multimedia Interface, a standard interface for transmitting uncompressed video and compressed or uncompressed audio data from a source device to a display device.
  • HDCP – High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection, an optional encryption mechanism used for HDMI or DVI transmission.
  • HVS – Hardware Video Scaler, a hardware block in the VC4 or VC6 GPU on all Raspberry Pi models that is used for manipulating and displaying bitmaps.
  • I2C/I2C/IIC – Inter-Integrated Circuit (pronounced I-squared-C), an electrical protocol used for attaching lower-speed peripheral ICs to processors and microcontrollers in short-distance, intra-board communication.
  • I2S – Inter-Integrated Circuit Sound, an electrical serial bus interface standard used for connecting digital audio devices together.
  • ISP – Imaging System Pipeline, a set of hardware (and sometimes software) stages that processes images from a camera into a high-quality result; the Raspberry Pi has a built-in hardware ISP that processes images captured from a camera attached to the CSI port.
  • ISP - Internet service provider.
  • LAN - Local Area Network, an Ethernet- or wireless-based communication network in a localised area, for example a house or office.
  • LED – Light-Emitting Diode, a semiconductor device that produces light using electricity.
  • Linux – The main operating system used on the Raspberry Pi; the particular customised distribution for the Raspberry Pi range is called Raspbian; third parties have also produced their own distributions.
  • MSD – Mass Storage Device (amongst other things), such as an SD card or hard disk drive.
  • MQTT - MQTT stands for MQ Telemetry Transport, a lightweight and simple machine-to-machine protocol often used for IoT devices; see the MQTT website.
  • NAND - a NAND gate is a logic gate, specifically an inverted AND gate; can also refer to a type of flash memory that uses NAND logic.
  • NOOBS - New Out of Box software, easy OS system image installation for the Raspberry Pi range; note: NOOBS is no longer developed by the Raspberry Pi team, see PINN instead.
  • OTP – One-Time Programmable, a type of memory that can only be programmed once, and retains the programmed data after power off; used for serial numbers etc.
  • Overlay – A boot-time or run-time patch to a Device Tree allowing a degree of configuration by the user; see our official documentation for more details, or run dtoverlay -a in a terminal window for a list of available overlays.
  • Pink Pony/Unicorn - A feature request for a future Raspberry Pi model that is unlikely to happen.
  • PINN - A third-party development of the NOOBS system, often a better option than the official NOOBS.
  • PoE - Power over Ethernet, a mechanism to power a device through its Ethernet connection; we produce a PoE HAT for the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ and Raspberry Pi 4 Model B.
  • Polyfuse - A self-resetting electrical fuse used on some Pi models to protect against over-current; can take hours or even days to reset.
  • raspi-config – A command line tool for configuring Raspbian's operating system features; see our official documentation.
  • raspivid, raspistill, raspiyuv, raspividyuv – a set of applications to run the Raspberry Pi Camera Module in various modes; see our official documentation.
  • Raspbian - A Debian-based Linux distribution targeted at the entire Raspberry Pi range, regarded as the official operating system; the current version is based on Debian Buster, with the first release in June 2019; see the Wikipedia entry for further release details.
  • Raspberry Pi Configuration Tool (rcgui) – A graphical equivalent of raspi-config.
  • Raspberry Pi Desktop – A version of the LXDE desktop environment, specifically tailored to the Raspberry Pi (used to be called PIXEL).
  • RPF - Raspberry Pi Foundation, the original, Uk-registered educational charity (1129409) that launched the Raspberry Pi.
  • RPT/RPF(T) - Raspberry Pi Trading, a wholely owned commercial subsidiary of the RPF which designs and develops all Raspberry Pi products, including magazines; all profits from the RPT go to the RPF for use in their educational programmes.
  • rpi-update - A program you can run on a Raspberry Pi to download the very latest test firmware and Linux kernel; there is no guarantee that the latest version will work correctly, so you should only run rpi-update if recommended by a Raspberry Pi engineer.
  • SoC – System on a Chip, an integrated circuit that comprises all components of a computer.
  • SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface bus, a synchronous serial communication interface specification used for short distance communication.
  • SSH – Secure Shell, a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network; see our official documentation or the Wikipedia article on SSH.
  • TLA – Three-letter abbreviation, almost the entire reason for this glossary.
  • TLS – Transport Layer Security, a cryptographic protocol used to supply security over a computer network, often used to secure other protocols such as MQTT.
  • TP1/TP2 – Test points.
  • UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter, a protocol for asynchronous serial communication in which the data format and transmission speeds are configurable.
  • USB – Universal Serial Bus, the main Raspberry Pi models have four USB sockets for connecting USB devices, for example mice or keyboards.
  • VC4, VC6 – The VideoCore4 or VideoCore6 GPU used on the Raspberry Pi; contains a large number of hardware blocks that handle graphics, cameras, display, CODECs, etc.
  • VNC – A graphical desktop sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB) to remotely control another computer; see our official documentation.
  • Volt (V) – SI-derived unit for electrical potential difference.
  • vcgencmd – A Raspberry Pi–specific tool for communicating with the VideoCore GPU.
  • Watt - A measure of power often used when specifying power supplies.