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Thermohaline Circulation

The global scale major current Cold water is going to displace hot water Goes both down and sideways 3d transportation Goes in circular motion

Cold $\ce{H_{2}O}$

  • Denser
  • Sinks to the bottom of ocean -> Moves towards the East
  • More salty, More oxygen, More nutrients
  • Example: Norweigon Salmon (fish likes cold water!) Warm $\ce{H_{2}O}$
  • Less dense
  • Rise to surface -> Flow towards the West
  • Less salty, Less oxygen, Less nutrients

Water temperature depends on air temperature Cold or hot water depends on the regional area Relative to where the water is ![[Pasted image 20241129154605.png]] Start from iceland

Ocean gyre: A rotating ocean current (can be seen in the thermohaline circulations) Like a vortex 5 main gyres Plastic accumated on land mass -> Natural net for plastic The circulation of the gyre traps the plastic Goes down the ocean too Plastic wirepool

![[Pasted image 20241129154850.png]] Thermohaline circulation cause

  • Ocean gyres are one of the things that drive
  • Temperature shift in the water
  • Conolis effect: Wind currents generated by the rotations of earth which moves ocean current

Ekman spiral

  • water deflect 90deg when wind blow bc earth rotation
  • Becuase of the conolis effect

Surface ocran vs Deep ocean Incluence each other in a sync motion wind and tides drift the shiore water

top water drag below -> less on deep

Plastisphere

  • Our world of plastic

Types of plastic: PETE, HDPE, PVC...

  • They have numbers
  • DO NOT MEMORIZE THIS

Thin waterbottle: Introduce more microplastic because easier to break down The whole bottle is not the same plastic -> Some plastic is not indicated!

plastic breaks down to microplastic -> FIsh eat -> we eat fish

Waves drives the plastic to circualte

Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation

Microplastic origin: Synthetic textile, Car tires, City dust

Cannot filter microplastic before releasing to ocean in the treatment plant Syntheitc textile: Textile, clothing (from washing machine)

Degrationm

  • pH, Salinity, UV, waves, Freeze Thaw Cycle (Can relate to thermalhaline circulation)
  • and machanical stress too More salt = More break down High salanity -> more microorganism -> More productive and effective waves crushes the plastic into small pieces The strongness of each parameter depends on region
  • EG: Sun light in tropical area are more domanint

GESAMP class

  • Beads (personal care products)
  • Foam (styrofom) degrade very easily
  • Film (thin plastic)
  • Fiber (clothes)
  • Fragments (most primary)

Degrade

  • Form wrinkles and films and chips taht fall of

Chemical such as pfas and antibiotics stick to these organism (you eat them again) You shit and the antibiotic goes to the ocean (cuz cannot filter)

Heavy metal, pesticides, heavy metals all stick to your food, damaging the DNA

Algae grows on the microplastic (biofilms)

  • More likely to attract contaminats

Free radical (cause by microplastic)

  • microplastic + UV -> Remove an electron from an aton
    • Electron is dangerous for you!

Free radical + Cells = React with anything (cause structure damage to organelles)

DNA damange (many from free radical): cause dna mutant + mutant protien -> cancer

HW: How microplastic influence your hormones

Density classification chart