diff --git a/docs/source/scoring_methods.md b/docs/source/scoring_methods.md
index 89396fb..b3d026e 100644
--- a/docs/source/scoring_methods.md
+++ b/docs/source/scoring_methods.md
@@ -120,7 +120,15 @@ One problem with the above code is that the name of the scoring rule is "Scoring
 
 ```{eval-rst}
 
-.. autofunction:: pref_voting.scoring_methods.anti_plurality(profile, curr_cands = None)
+.. autofunction:: pref_voting.scoring_methods.anti_plurality
+
+```
+
+## Dowdall
+
+```{eval-rst}
+
+.. autofunction:: pref_voting.scoring_methods.dowdall
 
 ```
 
diff --git a/pref_voting/c1_methods.py b/pref_voting/c1_methods.py
index 6603edc..d0093fa 100644
--- a/pref_voting/c1_methods.py
+++ b/pref_voting/c1_methods.py
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 condorcet_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=False,
-    pareto_dominance=False,)
+    pareto_dominance=False,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Condorcet",
     properties = condorcet_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE, ElectionTypes.PROFILE_WITH_TIES, ElectionTypes.MAJORITY_GRAPH, ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
@@ -75,7 +77,9 @@ def condorcet(edata, curr_cands = None):
 copeland_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Copeland",
     properties = copeland_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE, ElectionTypes.PROFILE_WITH_TIES, ElectionTypes.MAJORITY_GRAPH, ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
@@ -162,7 +166,9 @@ def copeland_ranking(edata, curr_cands=None, local=True, tie_breaking=None):
 llull_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Llull",
     properties = llull_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE, ElectionTypes.PROFILE_WITH_TIES, ElectionTypes.MAJORITY_GRAPH, ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
@@ -228,6 +234,7 @@ def right_covers(dom, c1, c2):
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,)
+
 @vm(name = "Uncovered Set",
     properties = uc_gill_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE, ElectionTypes.PROFILE_WITH_TIES, ElectionTypes.MAJORITY_GRAPH, ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
@@ -544,7 +551,9 @@ def uc_mckelvey(edata, curr_cands = None):
 top_cycle_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Top Cycle",
     properties = top_cycle_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE, ElectionTypes.PROFILE_WITH_TIES, ElectionTypes.MAJORITY_GRAPH, ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
@@ -645,7 +654,9 @@ def top_cycle_defeat(edata, curr_cands = None):
 gocha_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "GOCHA",
     properties = gocha_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE, ElectionTypes.PROFILE_WITH_TIES, ElectionTypes.MAJORITY_GRAPH, ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
diff --git a/pref_voting/combined_methods.py b/pref_voting/combined_methods.py
index 7360269..342d431 100644
--- a/pref_voting/combined_methods.py
+++ b/pref_voting/combined_methods.py
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 daunou_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Daunou",
     properties = daunou_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -68,7 +70,9 @@ def daunou(profile, curr_cands=None):
 blacks_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Blacks",
     properties = blacks_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -112,7 +116,9 @@ def blacks(profile, curr_cands=None):
 smith_irv_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Smith IRV",
     properties = smith_irv_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -151,7 +157,9 @@ def smith_irv(profile, curr_cands=None):
 smith_irv_put_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Smith IRV PUT",
     properties = smith_irv_put_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -190,7 +198,10 @@ def smith_irv_put(profile, curr_cands=None):
 condorcet_irv_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
+
 @vm(name = "Condorcet IRV",
     properties = condorcet_irv_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -231,7 +242,9 @@ def condorcet_irv(profile, curr_cands=None):
 condorcet_irv_put_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Condorcet IRV PUT",
     properties = condorcet_irv_put_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -324,7 +337,9 @@ def _vm(edata, curr_cands=None):
 condorcet_plurality_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=False,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name = "Condorcet Plurality",
     properties = condorcet_plurality_properties,
     input_types = [ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -343,12 +358,14 @@ def condorcet_plurality(profile, curr_cands = None):
     return _compose(condorcet, plurality)(profile, curr_cands=curr_cands)
 
 
-smith_minimax_plurality_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
+smith_minimax_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=True,
+    )
 @vm(name="Smith-Minimax",
-    properties=smith_minimax_plurality_properties,
+    properties=smith_minimax_properties,
     input_types=[ElectionTypes.PROFILE, ElectionTypes.PROFILE_WITH_TIES, ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
 def smith_minimax(edata, curr_cands = None):
     """Return the Minimax winner after restricting to the Smith set.
@@ -367,7 +384,9 @@ def smith_minimax(edata, curr_cands = None):
 copeland_local_borda_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name="Copeland-Local-Borda",
     properties=copeland_local_borda_properties,
     input_types=[ElectionTypes.PROFILE,  ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
@@ -414,7 +433,9 @@ def _vm(profile, curr_cands=None):
 copeland_global_borda_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name="Copeland-Global-Borda",
     properties=copeland_global_borda_properties,
     input_types=[ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -505,7 +526,9 @@ def _vm(edata, curr_cands=None):
 borda_minimax_faceoff_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True,)
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
+    )
 @vm(name="Borda-Minimax Faceoff",
     properties=borda_minimax_faceoff_properties,
     input_types=[ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
@@ -524,4 +547,4 @@ def borda_minimax_faceoff(edata, curr_cands=None):
 
     """
 
-    return _faceoff(borda, minimax)(edata, curr_cands=curr_cands)
+    return _faceoff(borda, minimax)(edata, curr_cands=curr_cands)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pref_voting/helper.py b/pref_voting/helper.py
index 5cb27c6..8775375 100644
--- a/pref_voting/helper.py
+++ b/pref_voting/helper.py
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ def weak_orders(A):
         yield {}
         return
     for k in range(1, len(A) + 1):
-        for B in itertools.combinations(A, k):
+        for B in combinations(A, k):
             for order in weak_orders(set(A) - set(B)):
                 new_order = {cand: rank + 1 for cand, rank in order.items()}
                 yield {**new_order, **{cand: 0 for cand in B}}
diff --git a/pref_voting/iterative_methods.py b/pref_voting/iterative_methods.py
index d3affab..8184b8b 100644
--- a/pref_voting/iterative_methods.py
+++ b/pref_voting/iterative_methods.py
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ def _instant_runoff_recursive(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=True,
     )
 @vm(name = "Instant Runoff",
     properties=irv_properties,
@@ -244,6 +245,7 @@ def instant_runoff_tb(profile, curr_cands = None, tie_breaker = None):
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=None,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=True,
     )
 @vm(name = "Instant Runoff PUT",
     properties=irv_put_properties,
@@ -512,6 +514,7 @@ def instant_runoff_for_truncated_linear_orders(profile, curr_cands = None, thres
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name="Bottom-Two-Runoff Instant Runoff",
     properties=bottom_two_runoff_properties,
@@ -569,6 +572,7 @@ def bottom_two_runoff_instant_runoff(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=None, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
     pareto_dominance=None, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name="Bottom-Two-Runoff Instant Runoff PUT",
     properties=bottom_two_runoff_put_properties,
@@ -620,6 +624,7 @@ def bottom_two_runoff_instant_runoff_put(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=None, 
+    positive_involvement=True,
     )
 @vm(name = "PluralityWRunoff PUT",
     properties=pl_w_runoff_properties,
@@ -734,6 +739,7 @@ def plurality_with_runoff_put_with_explanation(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Coombs",
     properties=coombs_properties,
@@ -806,6 +812,7 @@ def coombs(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=None,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Coombs TB",
     properties=coombs_tb_properties,
@@ -883,6 +890,7 @@ def coombs_tb(profile, curr_cands = None, tie_breaker=None):
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=None,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Coombs PUT",
     properties=coombs_put_properties,
@@ -1022,6 +1030,7 @@ def coombs_with_explanation(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Baldwin",
     properties=baldwin_properties,
@@ -1096,6 +1105,7 @@ def baldwin(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Baldwin TB",
     properties=coombs_tb_properties,
@@ -1186,6 +1196,7 @@ def baldwin_tb(profile, curr_cands = None, tie_breaker=None):
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Baldwin PUT",
     properties=baldwin_put_properties,
@@ -1333,6 +1344,7 @@ def baldwin_with_explanation(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Strict Nanson",
     properties=strict_nanson_properties,
@@ -1483,6 +1495,7 @@ def strict_nanson_with_explanation(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Weak Nanson",
     properties=weak_nanson_properties,
@@ -1655,6 +1668,7 @@ def weak_nanson_with_explanation(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=False, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Iterated Removal Condorcet Loser",
     properties=it_condorcet_loser_properties,
@@ -1757,7 +1771,8 @@ def _remove_worst_losers(edata,curr_cands,score_method):
 raynaud_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Raynaud",
     properties=raynaud_properties,
@@ -1783,7 +1798,8 @@ def raynaud(edata, curr_cands=None, score_method = "margins"):
 benham_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    benham=False, 
     )
 @vm(name = "Benham",
     properties=benham_properties,
@@ -1842,7 +1858,8 @@ def benham(profile, curr_cands = None):
 benham_tb_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=None,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Benham TB",
     properties=benham_tb_properties,
@@ -1900,7 +1917,8 @@ def benham_tb(profile, curr_cands = None, tie_breaker = None):
 benham_tb_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=None,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name = "Benham PUT",
     properties=benham_tb_properties,
@@ -1996,6 +2014,7 @@ def _ta(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 tideman_alternative_smith = tideman_alternative(top_cycle)
 tideman_alternative_smith.properties = ta_smith_properties
@@ -2005,6 +2024,7 @@ def _ta(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 tideman_alternative_schwartz = tideman_alternative(gocha)
 tideman_alternative_schwartz.properties = ta_schwartz_properties
@@ -2049,6 +2069,7 @@ def _ta(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 tideman_alternative_smith_put = tideman_alternative_put(top_cycle)
 tideman_alternative_smith_put.properties = ta_smith_put_properties
@@ -2058,6 +2079,7 @@ def _ta(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 tideman_alternative_schwartz_put = tideman_alternative_put(gocha)
 tideman_alternative_schwartz_put.properties = ta_schwartz_put_properties
@@ -2068,6 +2090,7 @@ def _ta(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm(name = "Woodall",
     properties=woodall_properties,
@@ -2136,6 +2159,7 @@ def woodall(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=None,
     condorcet_loser=None,
     pareto_dominance=None,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm(name = "Knockout Voting",
     properties=knockout_properties,
diff --git a/pref_voting/margin_based_methods.py b/pref_voting/margin_based_methods.py
index 04c03e5..1395793 100644
--- a/pref_voting/margin_based_methods.py
+++ b/pref_voting/margin_based_methods.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 '''
 
 from pref_voting.voting_method import  *
+from pref_voting.c1_methods import gocha
 from pref_voting.weighted_majority_graphs import MajorityGraph, MarginGraph 
 from pref_voting.probabilistic_methods import  maximal_lottery, c1_maximal_lottery
 from pref_voting.helper import get_mg, SPO
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@
 minimax_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=True, 
     )
 @vm(name = "Minimax",
     properties=minimax_properties,
@@ -159,7 +161,6 @@ def _beat_path_basic(edata,
         A sorted list of candidates. 
 
     """
-    
     candidates = edata.candidates if curr_cands is None else curr_cands    
     strength_function = edata.margin if strength_function is None else strength_function
     
@@ -180,7 +181,6 @@ def _beat_path_basic(edata,
             winners.append(c)
     return sorted(list(winners))
 
-
 def _beat_path_floyd_warshall(
         edata, 
         curr_cands = None, 
@@ -221,11 +221,49 @@ def _beat_path_floyd_warshall(
                     winners[i] = False
     return sorted([c for c in candidates if winners[c]])
 
+def _schwartz_sequential_dropping(edata, curr_cands = None, strength_function = None):
+
+    """The Schwartz Sequential Dropping algorithm. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulze_method#Ties_and_alternative_implementations.
+    
+    Args:
+        edata (Profile, ProfileWithTies, MarginGraph): Any election data that has a `margin` method. 
+        curr_cands (List[int], optional): If set, then find the winners for the profile restricted to the candidates in ``curr_cands``
+        strength_function (function, optional): The strength function to be used to calculate the strength of a path.   The default is the margin method of ``edata``.   This only matters when the ballots are not linear orders. 
+
+    Returns: 
+        A sorted list of candidates. 
+    """
+
+    strength_function = edata.margin if strength_function is None else strength_function
+
+    mg = edata if isinstance(edata, MarginGraph) else edata.margin_graph()
+    schwartz = gocha(mg, curr_cands = curr_cands)
+
+    if len(schwartz) == 1:
+        return schwartz
+    
+    pos_schwartz_strengths = [strength_function(c,d) for c in schwartz for d in schwartz if strength_function(c,d) > 0]
+
+    if len(pos_schwartz_strengths) == 0:
+        return sorted(schwartz)
+
+    max_schwartz_strength = max(pos_schwartz_strengths)
+    min_schwartz_strength = min(pos_schwartz_strengths)
+
+    if max_schwartz_strength == min_schwartz_strength:
+        return sorted(schwartz)
+    
+    else:
+        new_mg = MarginGraph(schwartz,[(c,d, strength_function(c,d)) for c in schwartz for d in schwartz if strength_function(c,d) > min_schwartz_strength])
+        return _schwartz_sequential_dropping(new_mg, schwartz)
+
 bp_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
+
 @vm(name="Beat Path",
     properties=bp_properties,
     input_types=[ElectionTypes.PROFILE, ElectionTypes.PROFILE_WITH_TIES, ElectionTypes.MARGIN_GRAPH])
@@ -238,13 +276,13 @@ def beat_path(
     """For candidates :math:`a` and :math:`b`, a **path** from :math:`a` to :math:`b` is a sequence 
     :math:`x_1, \ldots, x_n` of distinct candidates  with  :math:`x_1=a` and :math:`x_n=b` such that 
     for :math:`1\leq k\leq n-1`, :math:`x_k` is majority preferred to :math:`x_{k+1}`.  The **strength of a path**
-    is the minimal margin along that path.  Say that :math:`a` defeats :math:`b` according to Beat Path if the the strength of the strongest path from :math:`a` to :math:`b` is greater than the strength of the strongest path from :math:`b` to :math:`a`. Then, the candidates that are undefeated according to Beat Path are the winners.  Also known as the Schulze Rule. 
+    is the minimal margin along that path.  Say that :math:`a` defeats :math:`b` according to Beat Path if the the strength of the strongest path from :math:`a` to :math:`b` is greater than the strength of the strongest path from :math:`b` to :math:`a`. Then the candidates that are undefeated according to Beat Path are the winners.  Also known as the Schulze Rule. 
 
     Args:
         edata (Profile, ProfileWithTies, MarginGraph): Any election data that has a `margin` method. 
         curr_cands (List[int], optional): If set, then find the winners for the profile restricted to the candidates in ``curr_cands``
         strength_function (function, optional): The strength function to be used to calculate the strength of a path.   The default is the margin method of ``edata``.   This only matters when the ballots are not linear orders. 
-        algorithm (str): Specify which algorithm to use.  Options are 'floyd_warshall' (the default) and 'basic'.
+        algorithm (str): Specify which algorithm to use.  Options are 'floyd_warshall' (the default), 'basic', and 'schwartz_sequential_dropping'.
 
     Returns: 
         A sorted list of candidates. 
@@ -284,6 +322,8 @@ def beat_path(
         return _beat_path_floyd_warshall(edata, curr_cands = curr_cands, strength_function = strength_function)
     elif algorithm == 'basic':
         return _beat_path_basic(edata, curr_cands = curr_cands, strength_function = strength_function)
+    elif algorithm == 'schwartz_sequential_dropping':
+        return _schwartz_sequential_dropping(edata, curr_cands = curr_cands, strength_function = strength_function)
     else:
         raise ValueError("Invalid algorithm specified.")
 
@@ -421,7 +461,8 @@ def _split_cycle_floyd_warshall(
 sc_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=True, 
     )
 @vm(name="Split Cycle",
     properties=sc_properties,
@@ -697,7 +738,8 @@ def _ranked_pairs_basic(
 rp_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
 @vm(name="Ranked Pairs",
     properties=rp_properties,
@@ -903,7 +945,8 @@ def ranked_pairs_defeats(edata, curr_cands = None, strength_function = None):
 rp_tb_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
 @vm(name="Ranked Pairs TB",
     properties=rp_tb_properties,
@@ -980,6 +1023,7 @@ def ranked_pairs_tb(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=False,
     )
 @vm(name="Ranked Pairs ZT",
     properties=rp_zt_properties,
@@ -1026,7 +1070,8 @@ def ranked_pairs_zt(
 river_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
 @vm(name="River",
     properties=river_properties,
@@ -1175,7 +1220,8 @@ def river_with_test(edata, curr_cands = None, strength_function = None):
 rp_tb_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
 @vm(name="River TB",
     properties=rp_tb_properties,
@@ -1226,7 +1272,8 @@ def river_tb(edata, curr_cands = None, tie_breaker = None, strength_function = N
 river_zt_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
 @vm(name="River ZT",
     properties=river_zt_properties,
@@ -1350,7 +1397,8 @@ def _simple_stable_voting_basic(edata, curr_cands = None, strength_function = No
 ssv_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
 @vm(name = "Simple Stable Voting",
     properties = ssv_properties,
@@ -1507,7 +1555,8 @@ def _stable_voting_basic(
 sv_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,  
     )
 @vm(name = "Stable Voting",
     properties = sv_properties,
@@ -1563,7 +1612,8 @@ def stable_voting(
 essential_set_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
 @vm(name="Essential Set",
     properties=essential_set_properties,
@@ -1586,7 +1636,8 @@ def essential(edata, curr_cands = None, threshold = 0.0000001):
 weighted_covering_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=True, 
     )
 @vm(name="Weighted Covering",
     properties=weighted_covering_properties,
@@ -1631,7 +1682,8 @@ def weighted_covering(edata, curr_cands=None):
 loss_trimmer_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=True, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False, 
     )
 @vm(name = "Loss-Trimmer Voting",
     properties = loss_trimmer_properties,
diff --git a/pref_voting/other_methods.py b/pref_voting/other_methods.py
index 8fca5cc..317b497 100644
--- a/pref_voting/other_methods.py
+++ b/pref_voting/other_methods.py
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ def majority(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=False,
     condorcet_loser=False,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement = True,
 )
 @vm(name = "Pareto",
     properties = pareto_properties,
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ def kemeny_young_rankings(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm(name = "Kemeny-Young",
     properties = kemeny_young_properties,
@@ -241,6 +243,7 @@ def kemeny_young(edata, curr_cands = None, algorithm = "marginal"):
     condorcet_winner=True,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm("Preliminary Weighted Condorcet",
     properties = preliminary_weighted_condorcet_properties,
@@ -296,6 +299,7 @@ def preliminary_weighted_condorcet(prof, curr_cands = None, show_orders = False,
     condorcet_winner=False,
     condorcet_loser=False,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm(name = "Bucklin",
     properties = bucklin_properties,
@@ -406,6 +410,7 @@ def bucklin_with_explanation(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=False,
     condorcet_loser=False,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm(name = "Simplified Bucklin",
     properties = simplified_bucklin_properties,
@@ -514,6 +519,7 @@ def simplified_bucklin_with_explanation(profile, curr_cands = None):
     condorcet_winner=False,
     condorcet_loser=None,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm(name = "Weighted Bucklin",
     properties = weighted_bucklin_properties,
@@ -575,6 +581,7 @@ def weighted_bucklin(profile, curr_cands = None, strict_threshold = False, score
     condorcet_winner=False,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm(name = "Bracket Voting",
     properties = bracket_voting_properties,
@@ -647,6 +654,7 @@ def bracket_voting(profile, curr_cands = None, seed = None):
     condorcet_winner=False,
     condorcet_loser=True,
     pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=False,
 )
 @vm(name = "Superior Voting",
     properties = superior_voting_properties,
diff --git a/pref_voting/scoring_methods.py b/pref_voting/scoring_methods.py
index 56f7125..4c11f13 100644
--- a/pref_voting/scoring_methods.py
+++ b/pref_voting/scoring_methods.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 pl_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=True, 
     )
 @vm(name = "Plurality", 
     properties=pl_properties, 
@@ -107,7 +108,8 @@ def plurality_ranking(profile, curr_cands=None, local=True, tie_breaking=None):
 borda_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=True,
-    pareto_dominance=True, 
+    pareto_dominance=True,
+    positive_involvement=True, 
     )
 @vm(name = "Borda",
     properties=borda_properties,
@@ -201,7 +203,8 @@ def borda_ranking(profile, curr_cands=None, local=True, tie_breaking=None):
 anti_plurality_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
-    pareto_dominance=False, 
+    pareto_dominance=False,
+    positive_involvement=True,
     )
 @vm(name = "Anti-Plurality",
     properties=anti_plurality_properties,
@@ -344,13 +347,14 @@ def _vm(profile, curr_cands = None):
 
     return VotingMethod(_vm, name = name)
 
-dowdal_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
+dowdall_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
     pareto_dominance=True, 
+    positive_involvement=True,
     )
 @vm(name = "Dowdall",
-    properties=dowdal_properties,
+    properties=dowdall_properties,
     input_types=[ElectionTypes.PROFILE])
 def dowdall(profile, curr_cands = None):
     """The first-ranked candidate gets 1 point, the second-ranked candidate gets 1/2 point, the third-ranked candidate gets 1/3 point, and so on.  The Dowdall winners are the candidates with the greatest overall score in the profile restricted to ``curr_cands``.
@@ -372,7 +376,8 @@ def dowdall(profile, curr_cands = None):
 pos_neg_voting_properties = VotingMethodProperties(
     condorcet_winner=False, 
     condorcet_loser=False,
-    pareto_dominance=False, 
+    pareto_dominance=False,
+    positive_involvement=True, 
     )
 @vm(name="Positive-Negative Voting",
     properties=pos_neg_voting_properties,