diff --git a/bindings_ffi/src/mls.rs b/bindings_ffi/src/mls.rs
index 63f90cf83..f8219aac0 100644
--- a/bindings_ffi/src/mls.rs
+++ b/bindings_ffi/src/mls.rs
@@ -822,7 +822,8 @@ impl FfiConversations {
 
     pub async fn sync(&self) -> Result<(), GenericError> {
         let inner = self.inner_client.as_ref();
-        inner.sync_welcomes().await?;
+        let conn = inner.store().conn()?;
+        inner.sync_welcomes(&conn).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -3019,6 +3020,8 @@ mod tests {
         let bo = new_test_client().await;
         let caro = new_test_client().await;
 
+        let caro_conn = caro.inner_client.store().conn().unwrap();
+
         let alix_group = alix
             .conversations()
             .create_group(
@@ -3047,7 +3050,7 @@ mod tests {
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let _ = caro.inner_client.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let _ = caro.inner_client.sync_welcomes(&caro_conn).await.unwrap();
 
         bo_group.send("second".as_bytes().to_vec()).await.unwrap();
         stream_callback.wait_for_delivery(None).await.unwrap();
@@ -3066,6 +3069,8 @@ mod tests {
         let amal = new_test_client().await;
         let bola = new_test_client().await;
 
+        let bola_conn = bola.inner_client.store().conn().unwrap();
+
         let amal_group: Arc<FfiConversation> = amal
             .conversations()
             .create_group(
@@ -3075,7 +3080,7 @@ mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
-        bola.inner_client.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.inner_client.sync_welcomes(&bola_conn).await.unwrap();
         let bola_group = bola.conversation(amal_group.id()).unwrap();
 
         let stream_callback = RustStreamCallback::default();
diff --git a/bindings_node/src/conversations.rs b/bindings_node/src/conversations.rs
index ab46a147a..3e5db4806 100644
--- a/bindings_node/src/conversations.rs
+++ b/bindings_node/src/conversations.rs
@@ -234,9 +234,14 @@ impl NapiConversations {
 
   #[napi]
   pub async fn sync(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    let conn = self
+      .inner_client
+      .store()
+      .conn()
+      .map_err(ErrorWrapper::from)?;
     self
       .inner_client
-      .sync_welcomes()
+      .sync_welcomes(&conn)
       .await
       .map_err(ErrorWrapper::from)?;
     Ok(())
diff --git a/bindings_wasm/src/conversations.rs b/bindings_wasm/src/conversations.rs
index f9552fb80..55da820a0 100644
--- a/bindings_wasm/src/conversations.rs
+++ b/bindings_wasm/src/conversations.rs
@@ -167,9 +167,14 @@ impl WasmConversations {
 
   #[wasm_bindgen]
   pub async fn sync(&self) -> Result<(), JsError> {
+    let conn = self
+      .inner_client
+      .store()
+      .conn()
+      .map_err(|e| JsError::new(format!("{}", e).as_str()))?;
     self
       .inner_client
-      .sync_welcomes()
+      .sync_welcomes(&conn)
       .await
       .map_err(|e| JsError::new(format!("{}", e).as_str()))?;
     Ok(())
diff --git a/examples/cli/cli-client.rs b/examples/cli/cli-client.rs
index c6ddf0fc6..385379519 100755
--- a/examples/cli/cli-client.rs
+++ b/examples/cli/cli-client.rs
@@ -205,9 +205,10 @@ async fn main() {
             let client = create_client(&cli, IdentityStrategy::CachedOnly)
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
+            let conn = client.store().conn().unwrap();
 
             client
-                .sync_welcomes()
+                .sync_welcomes(&conn)
                 .await
                 .expect("failed to sync welcomes");
 
@@ -351,8 +352,9 @@ async fn main() {
             let client = create_client(&cli, IdentityStrategy::CachedOnly)
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
+            let conn = client.store().conn().unwrap();
             let provider = client.mls_provider().unwrap();
-            client.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+            client.sync_welcomes(&conn).await.unwrap();
             client.enable_history_sync(&provider).await.unwrap();
             let (group_id, _) = client.send_history_sync_request().await.unwrap();
             let group_id_str = hex::encode(group_id);
@@ -377,8 +379,9 @@ async fn main() {
             let client = create_client(&cli, IdentityStrategy::CachedOnly)
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
+            let conn = client.store().conn().unwrap();
             let provider = client.mls_provider().unwrap();
-            client.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+            client.sync_welcomes(&conn).await.unwrap();
             client.enable_history_sync(&provider).await.unwrap();
             client.process_history_sync_reply(&provider).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -388,8 +391,9 @@ async fn main() {
             let client = create_client(&cli, IdentityStrategy::CachedOnly)
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
+            let conn = client.store().conn().unwrap();
             let provider = client.mls_provider().unwrap();
-            client.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+            client.sync_welcomes(&conn).await.unwrap();
             client.enable_history_sync(&provider).await.unwrap();
             client.process_consent_sync_reply(&provider).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -399,8 +403,9 @@ async fn main() {
             let client = create_client(&cli, IdentityStrategy::CachedOnly)
                 .await
                 .unwrap();
+            let conn = client.store().conn().unwrap();
             let provider = client.mls_provider().unwrap();
-            client.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+            client.sync_welcomes(&conn).await.unwrap();
             client.enable_history_sync(&provider).await.unwrap();
             let group = client.get_sync_group().unwrap();
             let group_id_str = hex::encode(group.group_id.clone());
@@ -502,7 +507,8 @@ async fn register(cli: &Cli, maybe_seed_phrase: Option<String>) -> Result<(), Cl
 }
 
 async fn get_group(client: &Client, group_id: Vec<u8>) -> Result<MlsGroup, CliError> {
-    client.sync_welcomes().await?;
+    let conn = client.store().conn().unwrap();
+    client.sync_welcomes(&conn).await?;
     let group = client.group(group_id)?;
     group
         .sync()
diff --git a/xmtp_mls/src/client.rs b/xmtp_mls/src/client.rs
index c09384a90..da3bb71c0 100644
--- a/xmtp_mls/src/client.rs
+++ b/xmtp_mls/src/client.rs
@@ -777,8 +777,11 @@ where
 
     /// Download all unread welcome messages and converts to a group struct, ignoring malformed messages.
     /// Returns any new groups created in the operation
-    pub async fn sync_welcomes(&self) -> Result<Vec<MlsGroup<Self>>, ClientError> {
-        let envelopes = self.query_welcome_messages(&self.store().conn()?).await?;
+    pub async fn sync_welcomes(
+        &self,
+        conn: &DbConnection,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<MlsGroup<Self>>, ClientError> {
+        let envelopes = self.query_welcome_messages(conn).await?;
         let num_envelopes = envelopes.len();
         let id = self.installation_public_key();
 
@@ -1120,14 +1123,20 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
-        let bob_received_groups = bob.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let bob_received_groups = bob
+            .sync_welcomes(&bob.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bob_received_groups.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(
             bob_received_groups.first().unwrap().group_id,
             alice_bob_group.group_id
         );
 
-        let duplicate_received_groups = bob.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let duplicate_received_groups = bob
+            .sync_welcomes(&bob.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(duplicate_received_groups.len(), 0);
     }
 
@@ -1155,7 +1164,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
-        let bob_received_groups = bo.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let bob_received_groups = bo.sync_welcomes(&bo.store().conn().unwrap()).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bob_received_groups.len(), 2);
 
         let bo_groups = bo.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
@@ -1231,7 +1240,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         assert_eq!(amal_group.members().await.unwrap().len(), 1);
         tracing::info!("Syncing bolas welcomes");
         // See if Bola can see that they were added to the group
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bola_groups.len(), 1);
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
@@ -1250,7 +1261,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .add_members_by_inbox_id(&[bola.inbox_id()])
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
 
         // Send a message from Amal, now that Bola is back in the group
         amal_group
@@ -1340,18 +1353,20 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         .await
         .unwrap();
 
-        bo.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bo.sync_welcomes(&bo.store().conn().unwrap()).await.unwrap();
 
         let bo_new_key = get_key_package_init_key(&bo, &bo.installation_public_key()).await;
         // Bo's key should have changed
         assert_ne!(bo_original_init_key, bo_new_key);
 
-        bo.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bo.sync_welcomes(&bo.store().conn().unwrap()).await.unwrap();
         let bo_new_key_2 = get_key_package_init_key(&bo, &bo.installation_public_key()).await;
         // Bo's key should not have changed syncing the second time.
         assert_eq!(bo_new_key, bo_new_key_2);
 
-        alix.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        alix.sync_welcomes(&alix.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let alix_key_2 = get_key_package_init_key(&alix, &alix.installation_public_key()).await;
         // Alix's key should not have changed at all
         assert_eq!(alix_original_init_key, alix_key_2);
@@ -1363,7 +1378,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         )
         .await
         .unwrap();
-        bo.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bo.sync_welcomes(&bo.store().conn().unwrap()).await.unwrap();
 
         // Bo should have two groups now
         let bo_groups = bo.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
diff --git a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync.rs b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync.rs
index 33ad5e790..6f8e17293 100644
--- a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync.rs
+++ b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync.rs
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ where
         let enc_payload = download_history_payload(&reply.url).await?;
         insert_encrypted_syncables(conn, enc_payload, &enc_key.try_into()?)?;
 
-        self.sync_welcomes().await?;
+        self.sync_welcomes(provider.conn_ref()).await?;
 
         let groups = conn.find_groups(None, None, None, None, Some(ConversationType::Group))?;
         for crate::storage::group::StoredGroup { id, .. } in groups.into_iter() {
diff --git a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync/consent_sync.rs b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync/consent_sync.rs
index e761cd866..4158a92dc 100644
--- a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync/consent_sync.rs
+++ b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync/consent_sync.rs
@@ -118,7 +118,11 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         // Turn on history sync for the second installation.
         assert_ok!(amal_b.enable_history_sync(&amal_b_provider).await);
         // Check for new welcomes to new groups in the first installation (should be welcomed to a new sync group from amal_b).
-        amal_a.sync_welcomes().await.expect("sync_welcomes");
+        amal_a
+            .sync_welcomes(amal_a_conn)
+            .await
+            .expect("sync_welcomes");
+
         // Have the second installation request for a consent sync.
         let (_group_id, _pin_code) = amal_b
             .send_consent_sync_request()
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .expect("history request");
 
         // The first installation should now be a part of the sync group created by the second installation.
-        let amal_a_sync_groups = amal_a.store().conn().unwrap().latest_sync_group().unwrap();
+        let amal_a_sync_groups = amal_a_conn.latest_sync_group().unwrap();
         assert!(amal_a_sync_groups.is_some());
 
         // Have first installation reply.
diff --git a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync/message_sync.rs b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync/message_sync.rs
index 49c87a186..785434bc6 100644
--- a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync/message_sync.rs
+++ b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/device_sync/message_sync.rs
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let mut amal_a = ClientBuilder::new_test_client(&wallet).await;
         amal_a.history_sync_url = Some(history_sync_url.clone());
         let amal_a_provider = amal_a.mls_provider().unwrap();
-        let amal_a_conn = amal_a.store().conn().unwrap();
+        let amal_a_conn = amal_a_provider.conn_ref();
 
         // Create an alix client.
         let alix_wallet = generate_local_wallet();
@@ -149,11 +149,14 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         // Create a second installation for amal.
         let amal_b = ClientBuilder::new_test_client(&wallet).await;
         let amal_b_provider = amal_b.mls_provider().unwrap();
-        let amal_b_conn = amal_b.store().conn().unwrap();
+        let amal_b_conn = amal_b_provider.conn_ref();
         // Turn on history sync for the second installation.
         assert_ok!(amal_b.enable_history_sync(&amal_b_provider).await);
         // Check for new welcomes to new groups in the first installation (should be welcomed to a new sync group from amal_b).
-        amal_a.sync_welcomes().await.expect("sync_welcomes");
+        amal_a
+            .sync_welcomes(amal_a_conn)
+            .await
+            .expect("sync_welcomes");
         // Have the second installation request for a consent sync.
         let (_group_id, _pin_code) = amal_b
             .send_history_sync_request()
@@ -246,7 +249,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             amal.enable_history_sync(&amal.mls_provider().unwrap())
                 .await
         );
-        amal.sync_welcomes().await.expect("sync welcomes");
+        amal.sync_welcomes(&amal.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .expect("sync welcomes");
 
         let external_wallet = generate_local_wallet();
         let external_client = ClientBuilder::new_test_client(&external_wallet).await;
@@ -256,7 +261,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                 .await
         );
         external_client
-            .sync_welcomes()
+            .sync_welcomes(&external_client.store().conn().unwrap())
             .await
             .expect("sync welcomes");
 
diff --git a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/intents.rs b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/intents.rs
index 0dec504a7..13767ff5c 100644
--- a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/intents.rs
+++ b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/intents.rs
@@ -798,7 +798,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         verify_num_payloads_in_group(&group_a, 2).await;
 
         // Client B sends a message to Client A
-        let groups_b = client_b.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let groups_b = client_b
+            .sync_welcomes(&client_b.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(groups_b.len(), 1);
         let group_b = groups_b[0].clone();
         group_b
diff --git a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/mod.rs b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/mod.rs
index 8781ea8d3..3ae14882e 100644
--- a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/mod.rs
+++ b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/mod.rs
@@ -1549,7 +1549,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     use super::{group_permissions::PolicySet, MlsGroup};
 
     async fn receive_group_invite(client: &FullXmtpClient) -> MlsGroup<FullXmtpClient> {
-        client.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        client
+            .sync_welcomes(&client.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let mut groups = client.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
 
         groups.remove(0)
@@ -1694,7 +1697,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .unwrap();
 
         // Get bola's version of the same group
-        let bola_groups = bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let bola_groups = bola
+            .sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
 
         // Call sync for both
@@ -1750,7 +1756,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .unwrap();
 
         // Get bola's version of the same group
-        let bola_groups = bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let bola_groups = bola
+            .sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
         bola_group.sync().await.unwrap();
 
@@ -1858,7 +1867,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             force_add_member(&alix, &bo, &alix_group, &mut mls_group, &provider).await;
 
             // Bo should not be able to actually read this group
-            bo.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+            bo.sync_welcomes(&bo.store().conn().unwrap()).await.unwrap();
             let groups = bo.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(groups.len(), 0);
             assert_logged!("failed to create group from welcome", 1);
@@ -1985,7 +1994,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         group.send_message(b"hello").await.expect("send message");
 
-        bola_client.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola_client
+            .sync_welcomes(&bola_client.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola_client.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
         bola_group.sync().await.unwrap();
@@ -2340,7 +2352,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .add_members_by_inbox_id(&[bola.inbox_id()])
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bola_groups.len(), 1);
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
@@ -2508,7 +2522,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .add_members(&[bola_wallet.get_address()])
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bola_groups.len(), 1);
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
@@ -2588,7 +2604,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .add_members(&[bola_wallet.get_address()])
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bola_groups.len(), 1);
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
@@ -2604,7 +2622,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         assert!(super_admin_list.contains(&amal.inbox_id()));
 
         // Verify that bola can not add caro because they are not an admin
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bola_groups.len(), 1);
         let bola_group: &MlsGroup<_> = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
@@ -2668,7 +2688,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .contains(&bola.inbox_id()));
 
         // Verify that bola can not add charlie because they are not an admin
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bola_groups.len(), 1);
         let bola_group: &MlsGroup<_> = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
@@ -2697,7 +2719,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .add_members_by_inbox_id(&[bola.inbox_id()])
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bola_groups.len(), 1);
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
@@ -2713,7 +2737,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         assert!(super_admin_list.contains(&amal.inbox_id()));
 
         // Verify that bola can not add caro as an admin because they are not a super admin
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bola_groups.len(), 1);
         let bola_group: &MlsGroup<_> = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
@@ -2897,7 +2923,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         // Bola syncs groups - this will decrypt the Welcome, identify who added Bola
         // and then store that value on the group and insert into the database
-        let bola_groups = bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let bola_groups = bola
+            .sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
 
         // Bola gets the group id. This will be needed to fetch the group from
         // the database.
@@ -2964,7 +2993,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .unwrap();
 
         // Step 3: Verify that Bola can update the group name, and amal sees the update
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         let bola_group: &MlsGroup<_> = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
         bola_group.sync().await.unwrap();
@@ -3030,7 +3061,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         // Step 3: Bola attemps to add Caro, but fails because group is admin only
         let caro = ClientBuilder::new_test_client(&generate_local_wallet()).await;
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         let bola_group: &MlsGroup<_> = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
         bola_group.sync().await.unwrap();
@@ -3187,7 +3220,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         assert_eq!(members.len(), 2);
 
         // Bola can message amal
-        let _ = bola.sync_welcomes().await;
+        let _ = bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap()).await;
         let bola_groups = bola
             .find_groups(FindGroupParams {
                 conversation_type: None,
@@ -3537,7 +3570,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
-        bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bola.sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_groups = bola.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         let bola_group = bola_groups.first().unwrap();
         // group consent state should default to unknown for users who did not create the group
@@ -3556,7 +3591,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
-        caro.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        caro.sync_welcomes(&caro.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let caro_groups = caro.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         let caro_group = caro_groups.first().unwrap();
 
@@ -3586,7 +3623,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             )
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        bo.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        bo.sync_welcomes(&bo.store().conn().unwrap()).await.unwrap();
         let bo_groups = bo.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
         let bo_group = bo_groups.first().unwrap();
 
diff --git a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/subscriptions.rs b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/subscriptions.rs
index e3b8b0041..51a6a3562 100644
--- a/xmtp_mls/src/groups/subscriptions.rs
+++ b/xmtp_mls/src/groups/subscriptions.rs
@@ -293,7 +293,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .unwrap();
 
         // Get bola's version of the same group
-        let bola_groups = bola.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let bola_groups = bola
+            .sync_welcomes(&bola.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bola_group = Arc::new(bola_groups.first().unwrap().clone());
 
         let bola_group_ptr = bola_group.clone();
diff --git a/xmtp_mls/src/subscriptions.rs b/xmtp_mls/src/subscriptions.rs
index 8df86df8b..281231278 100644
--- a/xmtp_mls/src/subscriptions.rs
+++ b/xmtp_mls/src/subscriptions.rs
@@ -267,7 +267,8 @@ where
         conversation_type: Option<ConversationType>,
     ) -> Result<impl Stream<Item = Result<StoredGroupMessage, SubscribeError>> + '_, ClientError>
     {
-        self.sync_welcomes().await?;
+        let conn = self.store().conn()?;
+        self.sync_welcomes(&conn).await?;
 
         let mut group_id_to_info = self
             .store()
@@ -452,7 +453,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .add_members_by_inbox_id(&[bob.inbox_id()])
             .await
             .unwrap();
-        let bob_group = bob.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        let bob_group = bob
+            .sync_welcomes(&bob.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let bob_group = bob_group.first().unwrap();
 
         let notify = Delivery::new(None);
@@ -759,7 +763,9 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         }
 
         // Verify syncing welcomes while streaming causes no issues
-        alix.sync_welcomes().await.unwrap();
+        alix.sync_welcomes(&alix.store().conn().unwrap())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
         let find_groups_results = alix.find_groups(FindGroupParams::default()).unwrap();
 
         {