main.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Создаём новое приложение\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Необходимо перейти в \"Управление\" (панель управления приложениями)\n",
    "![Apps management](./vk_screens/1.jpg)\n",
    "\n",
    "2. Создать новое приложение\n",
    "![New app](./vk_screens/2.jpg)\n",
    "\n",
    "3. В открывшейся форме необходимо указать название приложения и выбрать тип \"Standalone-приложение\"\n",
    "![App form](./vk_screens/3.jpg)\n",
    "\n",
    "4. После создания необходимо перейти в \"Настройки\"\n",
    "\n",
    "5. Включить приложение и Open API\n",
    "\n",
    "6. В пункте \"Адрес приложения\" указать значение `http://localhost`\n",
    "\n",
    "7. В пункте \"Базовый домен\" указать `localhost`\n",
    "![Settings](./vk_screens/4.jpg)\n",
    "\n",
    "8. Скопировать id клиента\n",
    "\n",
    "9. Сформировать ссылку для получения ключа доступа (токена)\n",
    "`https://oauth.vk.com/authorize?client_id=...&display=page&redirect_uri=https://oauth.vk.com/blank.html&scope=stats,offline&response_type=token`в параметр `client_id` подставить скопированный id Вашего приложения.\n",
    "\n",
    "    Не забудьте указать необходимые scope https://vk.com/dev/permissions\n",
    "\n",
    "    Подробнее про получение токена здесь: https://dev.vk.com/api/access-token/implicit-flow-user\n",
    "\n",
    "10. При переходе по ссылке, откроется окно подтверждения, необходимо нажать кнопку \"Разрешить\"\n",
    "![Confirm](./vk_screens/5.jpg)\n",
    "\n",
    "11. Затем в адресной строке открывшейся страницы скопировать значение параметра access_token\n",
    "![Token](./vk_screens/6.jpg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Что нужно знать перед началом работы с VK API\n",
    "\n",
    "1. [Синтаксис любого запроса](https://vk.com/dev/api_requests)\n",
    "\n",
    "2. [Методы API VK](https://vk.com/dev/methods)\n",
    "\n",
    "3. [Версии API VK](https://vk.com/dev/versions)\n",
    "\n",
    "4. [Ограничения](https://vk.com/dev/api_requests?f=3.%20%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8)\n",
    "\n",
    "5. [Получение ключа доступа (Implicit flow)](https://dev.vk.com/api/access-token/implicit-flow-user)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Читаем токен из файла. В файлах с кодом приватные данные (ключи доступа, пароли) и настройки хранить не принято"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "with open('token.txt', 'r') as token_file:\n",
    "    token = token_file.readline()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Получим базовую информацию о пользователе при помощи [users.get](https://vk.com/dev/users.get)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'response': [{'can_access_closed': True,\n",
      "               'first_name': 'Павел',\n",
      "               'id': 1,\n",
      "               'is_closed': False,\n",
      "               'last_name': 'Дуров'}]}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "import time\n",
    "from pprint import pprint\n",
    "\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import requests\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def get_user_data(user_ids, token, version):\n",
    "    method_name = f'https://api.vk.com/method/users.get'\n",
    "    params = {'user_ids': user_ids, 'access_token': token, 'v': version}\n",
    "    response = requests.get(method_name, params=params)\n",
    "    data = response.json()\n",
    "    return data\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "data = get_user_data(1, token, '5.131')\n",
    "pprint(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Получим дополнительно еще какие-нибудь поля"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'response': [{'bdate': '10.10.1984',\n",
      "               'can_access_closed': True,\n",
      "               'city': {'id': 2, 'title': 'Санкт-Петербург'},\n",
      "               'first_name': 'Павел',\n",
      "               'followers_count': 4823561,\n",
      "               'id': 1,\n",
      "               'is_closed': False,\n",
      "               'last_name': 'Дуров'}]}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def get_user_data_extended(user_ids, fields, token, version):\n",
    "    method_name = 'https://api.vk.com/method/users.get'\n",
    "    params = {'user_ids': user_ids, 'fields': fields, 'access_token': token, 'v': version}\n",
    "    response = requests.get(method_name, params=params)\n",
    "    data = response.json()\n",
    "    return data\n",
    "\n",
    "data = get_user_data_extended(1, 'bdate,city,followers_count', token, '5.131')\n",
    "pprint(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Напишем функцию, которая будет находить группы по поисковому запросу при помощи метода [groups.search](https://vk.com/dev/groups.search)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>id</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>screen_name</th>\n",
       "      <th>is_closed</th>\n",
       "      <th>type</th>\n",
       "      <th>is_admin</th>\n",
       "      <th>is_member</th>\n",
       "      <th>is_advertiser</th>\n",
       "      <th>photo_50</th>\n",
       "      <th>photo_100</th>\n",
       "      <th>photo_200</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>31128331</td>\n",
       "      <td>Про Авто</td>\n",
       "      <td>autoblogvk</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-57.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/W1Vi_sbnh...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-57.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/6y27ftTvk...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-57.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/v8lL3ubrP...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>48990018</td>\n",
       "      <td>АВТО КЛУБ</td>\n",
       "      <td>klubauto</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-54.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/yVKsbT8hx...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-54.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/T-JYx17nZ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-54.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/zWpuhJI7r...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>148411246</td>\n",
       "      <td>АВТО ЛАЙФХАК</td>\n",
       "      <td>autol</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-18.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/fAFlm5RrK...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-18.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/4QrFsagvU...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-18.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/poPqqkR0a...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>90060110</td>\n",
       "      <td>АВТО</td>\n",
       "      <td>autoclub_i</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/w3TA1cxrw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/O6xExEEkm...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/o3T03j67M...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>43658512</td>\n",
       "      <td>АВТО, МАШИНЫ, ТАЧКИ</td>\n",
       "      <td>isupercars</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/gycnY1fU0...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/SrTlS_Iue...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/myhN9q6ga...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>95</th>\n",
       "      <td>167219324</td>\n",
       "      <td>АВТО СПЕЦ</td>\n",
       "      <td>topautospec</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-14.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/s1FPoFAFF...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-14.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/amR7Ej7cx...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-14.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/BIOQ3auG4...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>49270909</td>\n",
       "      <td>БПАН МУЗЫКА / БЕЗ ПОСАДКИ - АВТО.NET</td>\n",
       "      <td>bpan.music</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/-F0FwjrrF...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/k2gA-ZfOw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/Y_P50neyD...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>39464472</td>\n",
       "      <td>Авто приколы</td>\n",
       "      <td>avtoumar</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/uSlx-2PpC...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/uJbHijCx5...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/otz5K6T5C...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>109329578</td>\n",
       "      <td>БЕЗ ПОСАДКИ-АВТО.NET | БПAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>club109329578</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-23.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/ySZMbqQK7...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-23.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/EzZUrZwtR...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-23.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/ZSqV_ib6C...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>54219501</td>\n",
       "      <td>«АВТОСТИКЕР» - Наклейки на авто | Аксессуары</td>\n",
       "      <td>autosticker57</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>page</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-85.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/0tJkC1Gaq...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-85.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/kR8UGMAe5...</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://sun1-85.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/iii0CBxa9...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>100 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "           id                                          name    screen_name   \n",
       "0    31128331                                      Про Авто     autoblogvk  \\\n",
       "1    48990018                                     АВТО КЛУБ       klubauto   \n",
       "2   148411246                                  АВТО ЛАЙФХАК          autol   \n",
       "3    90060110                                          АВТО     autoclub_i   \n",
       "4    43658512                           АВТО, МАШИНЫ, ТАЧКИ     isupercars   \n",
       "..        ...                                           ...            ...   \n",
       "95  167219324                                     АВТО СПЕЦ    topautospec   \n",
       "96   49270909          БПАН МУЗЫКА / БЕЗ ПОСАДКИ - АВТО.NET     bpan.music   \n",
       "97   39464472                                  Авто приколы       avtoumar   \n",
       "98  109329578                   БЕЗ ПОСАДКИ-АВТО.NET | БПAN  club109329578   \n",
       "99   54219501  «АВТОСТИКЕР» - Наклейки на авто | Аксессуары  autosticker57   \n",
       "\n",
       "    is_closed  type  is_admin  is_member  is_advertiser   \n",
       "0           0  page         0          0              0  \\\n",
       "1           0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "2           0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "3           0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "4           0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "..        ...   ...       ...        ...            ...   \n",
       "95          0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "96          0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "97          0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "98          0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "99          0  page         0          0              0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                             photo_50   \n",
       "0   https://sun1-57.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/W1Vi_sbnh...  \\\n",
       "1   https://sun1-54.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/yVKsbT8hx...   \n",
       "2   https://sun1-18.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/fAFlm5RrK...   \n",
       "3   https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/w3TA1cxrw...   \n",
       "4   https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/gycnY1fU0...   \n",
       "..                                                ...   \n",
       "95  https://sun1-14.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/s1FPoFAFF...   \n",
       "96  https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/-F0FwjrrF...   \n",
       "97  https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/uSlx-2PpC...   \n",
       "98  https://sun1-23.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/ySZMbqQK7...   \n",
       "99  https://sun1-85.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/0tJkC1Gaq...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            photo_100   \n",
       "0   https://sun1-57.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/6y27ftTvk...  \\\n",
       "1   https://sun1-54.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/T-JYx17nZ...   \n",
       "2   https://sun1-18.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/4QrFsagvU...   \n",
       "3   https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/O6xExEEkm...   \n",
       "4   https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/SrTlS_Iue...   \n",
       "..                                                ...   \n",
       "95  https://sun1-14.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/amR7Ej7cx...   \n",
       "96  https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/k2gA-ZfOw...   \n",
       "97  https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/uJbHijCx5...   \n",
       "98  https://sun1-23.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/EzZUrZwtR...   \n",
       "99  https://sun1-85.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/kR8UGMAe5...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            photo_200  \n",
       "0   https://sun1-57.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/v8lL3ubrP...  \n",
       "1   https://sun1-54.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/zWpuhJI7r...  \n",
       "2   https://sun1-18.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/poPqqkR0a...  \n",
       "3   https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/o3T03j67M...  \n",
       "4   https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/myhN9q6ga...  \n",
       "..                                                ...  \n",
       "95  https://sun1-14.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/BIOQ3auG4...  \n",
       "96  https://sun1-98.userapi.com/s/v1/if1/Y_P50neyD...  \n",
       "97  https://sun1-19.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/otz5K6T5C...  \n",
       "98  https://sun1-23.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/ZSqV_ib6C...  \n",
       "99  https://sun1-85.userapi.com/s/v1/ig2/iii0CBxa9...  \n",
       "\n",
       "[100 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def search_groups(q, sort, count, token, version):\n",
    "    url = 'https://api.vk.com/method/groups.search'\n",
    "    params = {'q': q, 'sort': sort, 'count': count, 'access_token': token, 'v': version}\n",
    "    response = requests.get(url, params=params)\n",
    "    data = response.json()\n",
    "    return data['response']\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "groups = search_groups('авто', 6, 100, token, '5.131')\n",
    "\n",
    "## но для красивого вывода информации вместо print() и pprint() используем модуль pandas\n",
    "\n",
    "pd.DataFrame(groups['items'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Если строим какую-то сложную логику взаимодействия с API, то логично будет инкапсулировать весь нужный функционал в класс. Какие нам нужны данные, чтобы инициализировать класс?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# токен и версия могут быть разные в разных экзмеплярах\n",
    "# базовый URL будет всегда один, в инициализации он не нужен\n",
    "class VkApiHandler:\n",
    "\n",
    "    base_url = 'https://api.vk.com/method/'\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __init__(self, access_token, version='5.131'):\n",
    "        self.params = {\n",
    "            'access_token': access_token,\n",
    "            'v': version\n",
    "        }"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Объединим ранее написанные функции в класс и добавим ещё один метод для поиска новостей"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class VkApiHandler:\n",
    "\n",
    "    base_url = 'https://api.vk.com/method/'\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __init__(self, access_token, version='5.131'):\n",
    "        self.params = {\n",
    "            'access_token': access_token,\n",
    "            'v': version\n",
    "        }\n",
    "\n",
    "    def get_user_data(self, user_ids):\n",
    "        method_name = f'{self.base_url}users.get'\n",
    "        params = {'user_ids': user_ids}.update(self.params)\n",
    "        response = requests.get(method_name, params=params)\n",
    "        data = response.json()\n",
    "        return data\n",
    "\n",
    "    def get_user_data_extended(self, user_ids, fields):\n",
    "        method_name = f'{self.base_url}users.get'\n",
    "        params = {'user_ids': user_ids, 'fields': fields, **self.params}\n",
    "        response = requests.get(method_name, params=params)\n",
    "        data = response.json()\n",
    "        return data\n",
    "\n",
    "    def search_groups(self, q, sort, count):\n",
    "        url = self.base_url + 'groups.search'\n",
    "        params = {'q': q, 'sort': sort, 'count': count, **self.params}\n",
    "        response = requests.get(url, params=params)\n",
    "        data = response.json()\n",
    "        return data['response']\n",
    "\n",
    "    def search_news(self, q):\n",
    "        url = self.base_url + 'newsfeed.search'\n",
    "        params = {'q': q, 'count': 200, **self.params}\n",
    "\n",
    "        news_frame = pd.DataFrame()\n",
    "\n",
    "        while True:\n",
    "            #добавляем тайм-аут, чтобы запросы не блокировались\n",
    "            time.sleep(0.33)\n",
    "            response = requests.get(url, params=params)\n",
    "            data = response.json()\n",
    "            news_frame = pd.concat([news_frame, pd.DataFrame(data['response']['items'])])\n",
    "            if 'next_from' in data['response']:\n",
    "                params.update({'start_from': data['response']['next_from']})\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                break\n",
    "        return news_frame\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
    "    vk_token = os.getenv('VK_API_TOKEN')\n",
    "    version = os.getenv('VERSION')\n",
    "\n",
    "    vk = VkApiHandler(vk_token, version)\n",
    "    news = vk.search_news('python')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### вынесем токен и версию в переменные окружения\n",
    "\n",
    "![ENV VARS](./vk_screens/7.jpg)\n",
    "\n",
    "### а затем подгрузим их при помощи модуля python-dotenv\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "import os\n",
    "import time\n",
    "from dotenv import load_dotenv\n",
    "\n",
    "...\n",
    "\n",
    "load_dotenv()\n",
    "\n",
    "...\n",
    "\n",
    "if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
    "    vk_token = os.getenv('VK_API_TOKEN')\n",
    "    version = os.getenv('VERSION')\n",
    "\n",
    "    vk = VkApiHandler(vk_token, version)\n",
    "    vk.search_news('авто')\n",
    "```"
   ]
  }
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