diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index d7302b5..9f13f92 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 
 
 [tool.ruff]
+target-version = "py39"
 include = ["src/**/*.py", "tests/**/*.py"]
 extend-exclude = ["tests/**/expected_gen/**.py"]
 force-exclude = true
diff --git a/src/pyprotostuben/codegen/mypy/builder.py b/src/pyprotostuben/codegen/mypy/builder.py
index d87c5eb..dfed4fc 100644
--- a/src/pyprotostuben/codegen/mypy/builder.py
+++ b/src/pyprotostuben/codegen/mypy/builder.py
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def __build_protobuf_message_has_field_method_stub(self, scope: ScopeInfo) -> as
         )
 
     def __build_which_oneof_method_stubs(self, scope: ScopeInfo) -> t.Iterable[ast.stmt]:
-        oneofs: t.DefaultDict[str, t.List[ast.expr]] = defaultdict(list)
+        oneofs = defaultdict[str, list[ast.expr]](list)
         for field in scope.fields:
             if field.oneof_group is not None:
                 oneofs[field.oneof_group].append(self.__inner.build_const(field.name))
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ def __build_stub_method_def(self, info: MethodInfo) -> ast.stmt:
             doc=info.doc,
         )
 
-    def __build_servicer_method_inout_refs(self, info: MethodInfo) -> t.Tuple[ast.expr, ast.expr]:
+    def __build_servicer_method_inout_refs(self, info: MethodInfo) -> tuple[ast.expr, ast.expr]:
         if not info.server_input_streaming and not info.server_output_streaming:
             return (
                 self.__build_message_ref(info.server_input),
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ def __build_servicer_method_inout_refs(self, info: MethodInfo) -> t.Tuple[ast.ex
         msg = "invalid method streaming options"
         raise ValueError(msg, info)
 
-    def __build_stub_method_inout_refs(self, info: MethodInfo) -> t.Tuple[ast.expr, ast.expr]:
+    def __build_stub_method_inout_refs(self, info: MethodInfo) -> tuple[ast.expr, ast.expr]:
         if not info.server_input_streaming and not info.server_output_streaming:
             return (
                 self.__build_message_ref(info.server_input),
diff --git a/src/pyprotostuben/logging.py b/src/pyprotostuben/logging.py
index 4669ffb..4245550 100644
--- a/src/pyprotostuben/logging.py
+++ b/src/pyprotostuben/logging.py
@@ -60,16 +60,17 @@ def configure(cls) -> None:
     def get(
         # allow callee to pass custom `cls` kwarg
         __cls,  # noqa: N804
-        __name: str,
+        name: str,
+        /,
         **kwargs: object,
     ) -> "Logger":
-        return __cls(getLogger(__name), kwargs)
+        return __cls(getLogger(name), kwargs)
 
     def process(
         self,
         msg: object,
         kwargs: t.MutableMapping[str, object],
-    ) -> t.Tuple[object, t.MutableMapping[str, object]]:
+    ) -> tuple[object, t.MutableMapping[str, object]]:
         exc_info = kwargs.pop("exc_info", None)
         return msg, {
             "exc_info": exc_info,
diff --git a/src/pyprotostuben/protobuf/context.py b/src/pyprotostuben/protobuf/context.py
index cea5d4c..d794332 100644
--- a/src/pyprotostuben/protobuf/context.py
+++ b/src/pyprotostuben/protobuf/context.py
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ class CodeGeneratorContext:
 
 @dataclass()
 class BuildContext:
-    files: t.Dict[str, ProtoFile] = field(default_factory=dict)
-    types: t.Dict[str, t.Union[EnumInfo, MessageInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
-    map_entries: t.Dict[str, MapEntryPlaceholder] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    files: dict[str, ProtoFile] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    types: dict[str, t.Union[EnumInfo, MessageInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    map_entries: dict[str, MapEntryPlaceholder] = field(default_factory=dict)
 
 
 class ContextBuilder(ProtoVisitor[BuildContext], LoggerMixin):
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def __build_type(
             EnumContext[BuildContext],
             DescriptorContext[BuildContext],
         ],
-    ) -> t.Tuple[str, ModuleInfo, t.Sequence[str]]:
+    ) -> tuple[str, ModuleInfo, t.Sequence[str]]:
         ns = [part.proto.name for part in context.parts[1:]]
         proto_path = ".".join(ns)
 
diff --git a/src/pyprotostuben/protobuf/location.py b/src/pyprotostuben/protobuf/location.py
index dbfc2d4..6184c70 100644
--- a/src/pyprotostuben/protobuf/location.py
+++ b/src/pyprotostuben/protobuf/location.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ def get_comment_blocks(location: t.Optional[SourceCodeInfo.Location]) -> t.Seque
     if location is None:
         return []
 
-    blocks: t.List[str] = []
+    blocks: list[str] = []
     blocks.extend(comment.strip() for comment in location.leading_detached_comments)
 
     if location.HasField("leading_comments"):
diff --git a/src/pyprotostuben/python/ast_builder.py b/src/pyprotostuben/python/ast_builder.py
index 1e5dde0..ad82181 100644
--- a/src/pyprotostuben/python/ast_builder.py
+++ b/src/pyprotostuben/python/ast_builder.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def get_dependencies(self) -> t.Sequence[ModuleInfo]:
 class ModuleDependencyResolver(DependencyResolver):
     def __init__(self, module: ModuleInfo) -> None:
         self.__module = module
-        self.__deps: t.Set[ModuleInfo] = set()
+        self.__deps: set[ModuleInfo] = set()
 
     def resolve(self, info: TypeInfo) -> TypeInfo:
         if info.module == self.__module:
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ def build_call_stmt(
     def build_with_stmt(
         self,
         *,
-        items: t.Sequence[t.Tuple[str, TypeRef]],
+        items: t.Sequence[tuple[str, TypeRef]],
         body: t.Sequence[ast.stmt],
         is_async: bool = False,
     ) -> t.Union[ast.With, ast.AsyncWith]:
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ def build_module(
     def _build_decorators(
         self,
         *decorators: t.Optional[t.Sequence[t.Union[ast.expr, TypeInfo, None]]],
-    ) -> t.List[ast.expr]:
+    ) -> list[ast.expr]:
         return [
             self.build_ref(dec) for block in (decorators or ()) if block for dec in (block or ()) if dec is not None
         ]
@@ -696,14 +696,14 @@ def _build_func_args(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[FuncArgInfo]]) -> ast.arg
             ],
         )
 
-    def _build_body(self, doc: t.Optional[str], body: t.Optional[t.Sequence[ast.stmt]]) -> t.List[ast.stmt]:
-        result: t.List[ast.stmt] = list(body or ())
+    def _build_body(self, doc: t.Optional[str], body: t.Optional[t.Sequence[ast.stmt]]) -> list[ast.stmt]:
+        result: list[ast.stmt] = list(body or ())
         if doc:
             result.insert(0, self.build_docstring(doc))
 
         return result
 
-    def _build_stub_body(self, doc: t.Optional[str]) -> t.List[ast.stmt]:
+    def _build_stub_body(self, doc: t.Optional[str]) -> list[ast.stmt]:
         return (
             [
                 ast.Expr(value=ast.Constant(value=...)),
diff --git a/src/pyprotostuben/python/info.py b/src/pyprotostuben/python/info.py
index e1607dc..5a19d3e 100644
--- a/src/pyprotostuben/python/info.py
+++ b/src/pyprotostuben/python/info.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def from_str(cls, ref: str) -> "TypeInfo":
         return cls(ModuleInfo.from_str(module), ns.split("."))
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_type(cls, type_: t.Type[object]) -> "TypeInfo":
+    def from_type(cls, type_: type[object]) -> "TypeInfo":
         return cls(ModuleInfo.from_str(type_.__module__), type_.__qualname__.split("."))
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/src/pyprotostuben/stack.py b/src/pyprotostuben/stack.py
index 28b7142..4a4a365 100644
--- a/src/pyprotostuben/stack.py
+++ b/src/pyprotostuben/stack.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def get_last(self) -> V_co:
 
 class MutableStack(Stack[T]):
     def __init__(self, items: t.Optional[t.Sequence[T]] = None) -> None:
-        self.__impl: t.Deque[T] = deque(items or [])
+        self.__impl = deque[T](items or [])
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.__impl!r})"
diff --git a/tests/stub/plugin.py b/tests/stub/plugin.py
index c07b010..1b9c70a 100644
--- a/tests/stub/plugin.py
+++ b/tests/stub/plugin.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class CustomPluginError(Exception):
 
 class ProtocPluginStub(ProtocPlugin):
     def __init__(self, side_effect: t.Optional[Exception], return_value: t.Optional[CodeGeneratorResponse]) -> None:
-        self.requests: t.List[CodeGeneratorRequest] = []
+        self.requests: list[CodeGeneratorRequest] = []
         self.__side_effect = side_effect
         self.__return_value = return_value