Merge pull request moby#11897 from ankushagarwal/glossary

Add Glossary to documentation

docs/mkdocs.yml

@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ pages:
 - ['reference/commandline/cli.md', 'Reference', 'Docker command line']
 - ['reference/builder.md', 'Reference', 'Dockerfile']
 - ['faq.md', 'Reference', 'FAQ']
+- ['reference/glossary.md', 'Reference', 'Glossary']
 - ['reference/run.md', 'Reference', 'Run Reference']
 - ['compose/cli.md', 'Reference', 'Compose command line']
 - ['compose/yml.md', 'Reference', 'Compose yml']

docs/sources/reference/glossary.md

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+page_title: Docker Glossary
+page_description: Glossary of terms used around Docker
+page_keywords: glossary, docker, terms, definitions
+
+# Glossary
+
+A list of terms used around the Docker project.
+
+## aufs
+
+aufs (advanced multi layered unification filesystem) is a Linux [filesystem](#filesystem) that
+Docker supports as a storage backend. It implements the
+[union mount](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_mount) for Linux file systems.
+
+## boot2docker
+
+[boot2docker](http://boot2docker.io/) is a lightweight Linux distribution made
+specifically to run Docker containers. It is a common choice for a [VM](#virtual-machine)
+to run Docker on Windows and Mac OS X.
+
+boot2docker can also refer to the boot2docker management tool on Windows and
+Mac OS X which manages the boot2docker VM.
+
+## btrfs
+
+btrfs (B-tree file system) is a Linux [filesystem](#filesystem) that Docker
+supports as a storage backend. It is a [copy-on-write](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write)
+filesystem.
+
+## build
+
+build is the process of building Docker images using a [Dockerfile](#dockerfile).
+The build uses a Dockerfile and a "context". The context is the set of files in the
+directory in which the image is built.
+
+## cgroups
+
+cgroups is a Linux kernel feature that limits, accounts for, and isolates
+the resource usage (CPU, memory, disk I/O, network, etc.) of a collection
+of processes. Docker relies on cgroups to control and isolate resource limits.
+
+*Also known as : control groups*
+
+## Compose
+
+[Compose](https://github.com/docker/compose) is a tool for defining and
+running complex applications with Docker. With compose, you define a
+multi-container application in a single file, then spin your
+application up in a single command which does everything that needs to
+be done to get it running.
+
+*Also known as : docker-compose, fig*
+
+## container
+
+A container is a runtime instance of a [docker image](#image).
+
+A Docker container consists of
+
+- A Docker image
+- Execution environment
+- A standard set of instructions
+
+The concept is borrowed from Shipping Containers, which define a standard to ship
+goods globally. Docker defines a standard to ship software.
+
+## data volume
+
+A data volume is a specially-designated directory within one or more containers
+that bypasses the Union File System. Data volumes are designed to persist data,
+independent of the container's life cycle. Docker therefore never automatically
+delete volumes when you remove a container, nor will it "garbage collect"
+volumes that are no longer referenced by a container.
+
+
+## Docker
+
+The term Docker can refer to
+
+- The Docker project as a whole, which is a platform for developers and sysadmins to
+develop, ship, and run applications
+- The docker daemon process running on the host which manages images and containers
+
+
+## Docker Hub
+
+The [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) is a centralized resource for working with
+Docker and its components. It provides the following services:
+
+- Docker image hosting
+- User authentication
+- Automated image builds and work-flow tools such as build triggers and web hooks
+- Integration with GitHub and BitBucket
+
+
+## Dockerfile
+
+A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands you would
+normally execute manually in order to build a Docker image. Docker can
+build images automatically by reading the instructions from a Dockerfile.
+
+## filesystem
+
+A file system is the method an operating system uses to name files
+and assign them locations for efficient storage and retrieval.
+
+Examples :
+
+- Linux : ext4, aufs, btrfs, zfs
+- Windows : NTFS
+- OS X : HFS+
+
+## image
+
+Docker images are the basis of [containers](#container). An Image is an
+ordered collection of root filesystem changes and the corresponding
+execution parameters for use within a container runtime. An image typically
+contains a union of layered filesystems stacked on top of each other. An image
+does not have state and it never changes.
+
+## libcontainer
+
+libcontainer provides a native Go implementation for creating containers with
+namespaces, cgroups, capabilities, and filesystem access controls. It allows
+you to manage the lifecycle of the container performing additional operations
+after the container is created.
+
+## link
+
+links provide an interface to connect Docker containers running on the same host
+to each other without exposing the hosts' network ports. When you set up a link,
+you create a conduit between a source container and a recipient container.
+The recipient can then access select data about the source. To create a link,
+you can use the `--link` flag.
+
+## Machine
+
+[Machine](https://github.com/docker/machine) is a Docker tool which
+makes it really easy to create Docker hosts on  your computer, on
+cloud providers and inside your own data center. It creates servers,
+installs Docker on them, then configures the Docker client to talk to them.
+
+*Also known as : docker-machine*
+
+## overlay
+
+OverlayFS is a [filesystem](#filesystem) service for Linux which implements a
+[union mount](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_mount) for other file systems.
+It is supported by the Docker daemon as a storage driver.
+
+## registry
+
+A Registry is a hosted service containing [repositories](#repository) of [images](#image)
+which responds to the Registry API.
+
+The default registry can be accessed using a browser at [Docker Hub](#docker-hub)
+or using the `docker search` command.
+
+## repository
+
+A repository is a set of Docker images. A repository can be shared by pushing it
+to a [registry](#registry) server. The different images in the repository can be
+labeled using [tags](#tag).
+
+Here is an example of the shared [nginx repository](https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/nginx/)
+and its [tags](https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/nginx/tags/manage/)
+
+## Swarm
+
+[Swarm](https://github.com/docker/swarm) is a native clustering tool for Docker.
+Swarm pools together several Docker hosts and exposes them as a single virtual
+Docker host. It serves the standard Docker API, so any tool that already works
+with Docker can now transparently scale up to multiple hosts.
+
+*Also known as : docker-swarm*
+
+## tag
+
+A tag is a label applied to a Docker image in a [repository](#repository).
+tags are how various images in a repository are distinguished from each other.
+
+*Note : This label is not related to the key=value labels set for docker daemon*
+
+## Union file system
+
+Union file systems, or UnionFS, are file systems that operate by creating layers, making them
+very lightweight and fast. Docker uses union file systems to provide the building
+blocks for containers.
+
+
+## Virtual Machine
+
+A Virtual Machine is a program that emulates a complete computer and imitates dedicated hardware.
+It shares physical hardware resources with other users but isolates the operating system. The
+end user has the same experience on a Virtual Machine as they would have on dedicated hardware.
+
+Compared to to containers, a Virtual Machine is heavier to run, provides more isolation,
+gets its own set of resources and does minimal sharing.
+
+*Also known as : VM*
+