Debian 11 Repository

Introducction

This is a collection of configuration files to make a personal Debian 11 repository, it can be used to manage the packages that can be installed and to save bandwidth. This way of creating a Debian repository allows you great flexibility, but forces you to download all the packages you need since you are not cloning the main Debian repository, you are creating one from scratch.

This project is being done by using the following skills:

Installations

We make a update to be sure to use the last version of the packages to start installing things.

apt update

We install the Web server.
When the client add a line to sources.list need a protocol to transfer the packages, you can use a HTTP/S , FTP server or RSH/SSH, you can see more about this in the man of the sources.list here: https://manpages.debian.org/bullseye/apt/sources.list.5.en.html

apt install nginx

We install gnupg to create the certificate

apt install gnupg

We install reprepro to make the repository.

apt install reprepro

Configuration of the repository

First of all we need to make a certificate to use reprepro.

gpg --gen-key

Then we need the public key, we will put it in a file to get easily. This will export all keys we generated, be sure you know what public key to use.

 gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG > keys.txt

Now we make a folder to save the *.deb where you want.

mkdir /home/user/packages

Making the repository

First of all we will create the necessary folder structure for the repository configuration

mkdir -p /var/packages/debian/conf

Now we need to make in the folder /var/packages/debian/conf a file called distributions This file contain the config of the repository, you can see here a example of the file.

⚠️ In SignWith: 1B746D0E239D2876 line 7 of the example file you need to put your Public Key.

Now we do in the same folder a file called options you can see here a example of the file, check the basedir.

To finish in /var/packages/debian/conf you need to make a empty file called override.testing The name will depend on the configuration parameter of the distributions file

Now we need to put a EXPORTED PUBLIC KEY in the base folder of the web server, because we need it to get it as a client.

gpg --armor --output /var/packages/debian/192.168.134.132.gpg.key --export 1B746D0E239D2876

Add packages to the repository

To add packages to the repository we need to be folder of what we have done before.

cd /var/packages/debian/

From this folder we will use the following command to add the packages that we have stored.

reprepro includedeb testing /var/www/repo/*.deb

This command adds to the repository whose codename is testing all the .deb files in the specified folder. When using the command, it will ask us for the password of the certificate that we have created and used for the repository.

Script to download the packages and add it to the local repository

You can use this script to download the packages from the Debian repository.

downloader.sh <package1> <package2> <package3>

This script has a local variables that you need to change if is necesary: All of this values you can see are the default values.

R_PACK="/var/www/repo"
R_REPO="/var/packages/debian"
CODENAME="testing"

R_PACK is the folder where the script will search for the packages. R_REPO is the folder where the reprepro repository its located. CODENAME is the codename of the repository you made.

If you only want download packages and not add them to the repository, you can comment the last part of the script, to line 45 to line 50.

Using the repository as a client.

First of all we need to add a line in the sources.list like this:

deb http://192.168.134.132 testing main

Then we need to add the public key to the machine, so we download it and then we add it

wget http://192.168.134.132/192.168.134.132.gpg.key

apt-key add 192.168.134.132.gpg.key

And the final step, lets do a update and now we can use the repository we have created.

apt update

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