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add space after figure to fix formatting
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bhass-neon authored Mar 25, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -544,7 +544,8 @@ Next we can extract the aerial reflectance spectra using the `terra::extract` fu
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NEONScience/NEON-Data-Skills/main/tutorials/R/AOP/Hyperspectral/Field-Spectra/rfigs/extract-air-refl-spectra-1.png" alt=" " />
<p class="caption"> </p>
</div>
The shape of the spectra looks similar to the leaf-clip spectra, however you might notice some key differences. This spectral curve is not quite as smooth as the leaf-clip spectra - this is partly because of additional noise (uncertainty) introduced due to the nature of the data collection. The airborne reflectance is collected at ~1000 m above the ground, over a 1 m area (instead of just a single leaf), and the hyperspectral sensor is recording not only the vegetation, but also the atmosphere between the airplane and the ground. While an atmospheric correction (as well as a number of other corrections), is applied to generate the surface directional reflectance, additional uncertainty is introduced. Also, note that there are some regions around ~1400 nm and 1800 nm with some large anomalous values. These are the water-vapor absorption bands, regions where gasses in the atmosphere (primarily carbon dioxide and water vapor) absorb radiation, and obscure the reflected radiation that the imaging spectrometer measures. For more detailed information about the absorption bands, and airborne reflectance data, please refer to the <a href="https://www.neonscience.org/resources/learning-hub/tutorials/introduction-hyperspectral-remote-sensing-data#jump-25" target="_blank">Introduction to Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data</a> tutorial series.

The shape of the spectra looks similar to the leaf-clip spectra, however you might notice some key differences. This spectral curve is not quite as smooth as the leaf-clip spectra - this is partly because of additional noise (uncertainty) introduced due to the nature of the remotely-sensed data. The airborne reflectance is collected at ~1000 m above the ground, and each pixel represents a 1 m x 1 m area (instead of just a single leaf). The airborne hyperspectral sensor is recording not only what's on the ground, but also the atmosphere between the airplane and the ground. While an atmospheric correction is applied (as well as other corrections) to generate the surface directional reflectance, additional uncertainty is introduced. Also, note that there are some regions around the ~1400 nm and ~1800 nm wavelengths with some large anomalous values. These are the water-vapor absorption bands, regions where gasses in the atmosphere (primarily carbon dioxide and water vapor) absorb radiation, and obscure the reflected radiation that the imaging spectrometer measures. For more detailed information about the absorption bands, and airborne reflectance data, please refer to the <a href="https://www.neonscience.org/resources/learning-hub/tutorials/introduction-hyperspectral-remote-sensing-data#jump-25" target="_blank">Introduction to Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data</a> tutorial series.

## Plotting Leaf-Clip and Airborne Data Together

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