ci: add workflow for automated Docker image build and publish (#61)

Introduce a new GitHub Actions workflow to automate the process of
building and publishing Docker images to the GitHub Container Registry.
Configure the workflow to trigger on branch references
(`type=ref,event=branch`) and specific semantic versioning patterns
(`type=semver,pattern={{version}}`,
`type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}`). Additionally, include a
commit SHA in long format (`type=sha,format=long`) as part of the
versioning strategy.

---------

Signed-off-by: Valentin Sickert <[email protected]>

.github/workflows/docker-image.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: Create and publish a Docker image
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
+  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-push-image:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Log in to the Container registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          tags: |
+            type=ref,event=branch
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+            type=sha,format=long
+
+      - name: Build and push Docker image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        with:
+          context: .
+          push: true
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}