feat: Add closest point and distance computation to `SurfaceBounds` #26511

Job	Run time
linux_ubuntu	41m 12s
linux_ubuntu_extra (ubuntu2204, 20)	45m 54s
macos	28m 23s
linux_ubuntu_extra (ubuntu2204_clang, 20)	45m 53s
linux_examples_test	0s
linux_physmon	0s
linux_physmon_perf_report	0s
	2h 41m 22s

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