feat: Add closest point and distance computation to `SurfaceBounds` #26517

Job	Run time
linux_ubuntu	4m 18s
macos	4m 35s
linux_ubuntu_extra (ubuntu2204, 20)	4m 8s
linux_ubuntu_extra (ubuntu2204_clang, 20)	4m 16s
linux_physmon	1s
linux_examples_test	1s
linux_physmon_perf_report	1s
	17m 20s

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