bulk-cdk-toolkit-extract-cdc: fix CustomConverter bug

[postamar]

What

I made a mistake in assuming that the outputSchema value could be re-used for multiple columns, but that turns out to not be the case. What debezium really wants is a new instance of a SchemaBuilder for each column for which we register a CustomConverter.

This bug becomes apparent when applying the same converter logic to two columns of the same type in the same table and with default values. This isn't covered in any test and I'm not sure that this can be tested adequately in the CDK.

How

This requires turning outputSchema from a value to a function, at which point I felt it made more sense to turn Handler into an interface.

Review guide

See accompanying PR #50965 which applies these changes to source-mysql.

User Impact

Should unblock the source-mysql rollout.

Can this PR be safely reverted and rolled back?

• YES 💚
• NO ❌

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[rodireich]

If you make the change here to reinstantiate a SchemaBuilder, why is there any change needed for mysql? i.e #50965

[postamar]

I change the Handler from a data class to an interface. 2 out of 3 of its args were lambdas at this point, also it removes a few layers of indentation in the implementations.