Improve performance of REPEAT functions

datafusion/functions/Cargo.toml

@@ -151,3 +151,8 @@ required-features = ["string_expressions"]
 harness = false
 name = "pad"
 required-features = ["unicode_expressions"]
+
+[[bench]]
+harness = false
+name = "repeat"
+required-features = ["string_expressions"]

datafusion/functions/benches/repeat.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+extern crate criterion;
+
+use arrow::array::{ArrayRef, Int64Array, OffsetSizeTrait};
+use arrow::util::bench_util::{
+    create_string_array_with_len, create_string_view_array_with_len,
+};
+use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion, SamplingMode};
+use datafusion_expr::ColumnarValue;
+use datafusion_functions::string;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+fn create_args<O: OffsetSizeTrait>(
+    size: usize,
+    str_len: usize,
+    repeat_times: i64,
+    use_string_view: bool,
+) -> Vec<ColumnarValue> {
+    let number_array = Arc::new(Int64Array::from(
+        (0..size).map(|_| repeat_times).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    ));
+
+    if use_string_view {
+        let string_array =
+            Arc::new(create_string_view_array_with_len(size, 0.1, str_len, false));
+        vec![
+            ColumnarValue::Array(string_array),
+            ColumnarValue::Array(number_array),
+        ]
+    } else {
+        let string_array =
+            Arc::new(create_string_array_with_len::<O>(size, 0.1, str_len));
+
+        vec![
+            ColumnarValue::Array(string_array),
+            ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::clone(&number_array) as ArrayRef),
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+fn criterion_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let repeat = string::repeat();
+    for size in [1024, 4096] {
+        // REPEAT 3 TIMES
+        let repeat_times = 3;
+        let mut group = c.benchmark_group(format!("repeat {} times", repeat_times));
+        group.sampling_mode(SamplingMode::Flat);
+        group.sample_size(10);
+        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));
+
+        let args = create_args::<i32>(size, 32, repeat_times, true);
+        group.bench_function(
+            &format!(
+                "repeat_string_view [size={}, repeat_times={}]",
+                size, repeat_times
+            ),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(repeat.invoke(&args))),
+        );
+
+        let args = create_args::<i32>(size, 32, repeat_times, false);
+        group.bench_function(
+            &format!(
+                "repeat_string [size={}, repeat_times={}]",
+                size, repeat_times
+            ),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(repeat.invoke(&args))),
+        );
+
+        let args = create_args::<i64>(size, 32, repeat_times, false);
+        group.bench_function(
+            &format!(
+                "repeat_large_string [size={}, repeat_times={}]",
+                size, repeat_times
+            ),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(repeat.invoke(&args))),
+        );
+
+        group.finish();
+
+        // REPEAT 30 TIMES
+        let repeat_times = 30;
+        let mut group = c.benchmark_group(format!("repeat {} times", repeat_times));
+        group.sampling_mode(SamplingMode::Flat);
+        group.sample_size(10);
+        group.measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(10));
+
+        let args = create_args::<i32>(size, 32, repeat_times, true);
+        group.bench_function(
+            &format!(
+                "repeat_string_view [size={}, repeat_times={}]",
+                size, repeat_times
+            ),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(repeat.invoke(&args))),
+        );
+
+        let args = create_args::<i32>(size, 32, repeat_times, false);
+        group.bench_function(
+            &format!(
+                "repeat_string [size={}, repeat_times={}]",
+                size, repeat_times
+            ),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(repeat.invoke(&args))),
+        );
+
+        let args = create_args::<i64>(size, 32, repeat_times, false);
+        group.bench_function(
+            &format!(
+                "repeat_large_string [size={}, repeat_times={}]",
+                size, repeat_times
+            ),
+            |b| b.iter(|| black_box(repeat.invoke(&args))),
+        );
+
+        group.finish();
+    }
+}
+
+criterion_group!(benches, criterion_benchmark);
+criterion_main!(benches);

datafusion/functions/src/string/common.rs

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow::array::{
-    new_null_array, Array, ArrayDataBuilder, ArrayRef, GenericStringArray,
-    GenericStringBuilder, OffsetSizeTrait, StringArray,
+    new_null_array, Array, ArrayAccessor, ArrayDataBuilder, ArrayIter, ArrayRef,
+    GenericStringArray, GenericStringBuilder, OffsetSizeTrait, StringArray,
+    StringViewArray,
 };
 use arrow::buffer::{Buffer, MutableBuffer, NullBuffer};
 use arrow::datatypes::DataType;
@@ -251,6 +252,22 @@ impl<'a> ColumnarValueRef<'a> {
     }
 }
 
+pub trait StringArrayType<'a>: ArrayAccessor<Item = &'a str> + Sized {
+    fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self>;
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: OffsetSizeTrait> StringArrayType<'a> for &'a GenericStringArray<T> {
+    fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self> {
+        GenericStringArray::<T>::iter(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> StringArrayType<'a> for &'a StringViewArray {
+    fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self> {
+        StringViewArray::iter(self)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Optimized version of the StringBuilder in Arrow that:
 /// 1. Precalculating the expected length of the result, avoiding reallocations.
 /// 2. Avoids creating / incrementally creating a `NullBufferBuilder`

datafusion/functions/src/string/repeat.rs

@@ -18,17 +18,20 @@
 use std::any::Any;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use arrow::array::{ArrayRef, GenericStringArray, OffsetSizeTrait, StringArray};
+use arrow::array::{
+    ArrayRef, AsArray, GenericStringArray, GenericStringBuilder, Int64Array,
+    OffsetSizeTrait, StringViewArray,
+};
 use arrow::datatypes::DataType;
+use arrow::datatypes::DataType::{Int64, LargeUtf8, Utf8, Utf8View};
 
-use datafusion_common::cast::{
-    as_generic_string_array, as_int64_array, as_string_view_array,
-};
+use datafusion_common::cast::as_int64_array;
 use datafusion_common::{exec_err, Result};
 use datafusion_expr::TypeSignature::*;
 use datafusion_expr::{ColumnarValue, Volatility};
 use datafusion_expr::{ScalarUDFImpl, Signature};
 
+use crate::string::common::StringArrayType;
 use crate::utils::{make_scalar_function, utf8_to_str_type};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -44,7 +47,6 @@ impl Default for RepeatFunc {
 
 impl RepeatFunc {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        use DataType::*;
         Self {
             signature: Signature::one_of(
                 vec![
@@ -79,51 +81,53 @@ impl ScalarUDFImpl for RepeatFunc {
     }
 
     fn invoke(&self, args: &[ColumnarValue]) -> Result<ColumnarValue> {
-        match args[0].data_type() {
-            DataType::Utf8View => make_scalar_function(repeat_utf8view, vec![])(args),
-            DataType::Utf8 => make_scalar_function(repeat::<i32>, vec![])(args),
-            DataType::LargeUtf8 => make_scalar_function(repeat::<i64>, vec![])(args),
-            other => exec_err!("Unsupported data type {other:?} for function repeat. Expected Utf8, Utf8View or LargeUtf8"),
-        }
+        make_scalar_function(repeat, vec![])(args)
     }
 }
 
 /// Repeats string the specified number of times.
 /// repeat('Pg', 4) = 'PgPgPgPg'
-fn repeat<T: OffsetSizeTrait>(args: &[ArrayRef]) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-    let string_array = as_generic_string_array::<T>(&args[0])?;
+fn repeat(args: &[ArrayRef]) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
     let number_array = as_int64_array(&args[1])?;
-
-    let result = string_array
-        .iter()
-        .zip(number_array.iter())
-        .map(|(string, number)| repeat_common(string, number))
-        .collect::<GenericStringArray<T>>();
-
-    Ok(Arc::new(result) as ArrayRef)
+    match args[0].data_type() {
+        Utf8View => {
+            let string_view_array = args[0].as_string_view();
+            repeat_impl::<i32, &StringViewArray>(string_view_array, number_array)
+        }
+        Utf8 => {
+            let string_array = args[0].as_string::<i32>();
+            repeat_impl::<i32, &GenericStringArray<i32>>(string_array, number_array)
+        }
+        LargeUtf8 => {
+            let string_array = args[0].as_string::<i64>();
+            repeat_impl::<i64, &GenericStringArray<i64>>(string_array, number_array)
+        }
+        other => exec_err!(
+            "Unsupported data type {other:?} for function repeat. \
+        Expected Utf8, Utf8View or LargeUtf8."
+        ),
+    }
 }
 
-fn repeat_utf8view(args: &[ArrayRef]) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
-    let string_view_array = as_string_view_array(&args[0])?;
-    let number_array = as_int64_array(&args[1])?;
-
-    let result = string_view_array
+fn repeat_impl<'a, T, S>(string_array: S, number_array: &Int64Array) -> Result<ArrayRef>
+where
+    T: OffsetSizeTrait,
+    S: StringArrayType<'a>,
+{
+    let mut builder: GenericStringBuilder<T> = GenericStringBuilder::new();
+    string_array
         .iter()
         .zip(number_array.iter())
-        .map(|(string, number)| repeat_common(string, number))
-        .collect::<StringArray>();
-
-    Ok(Arc::new(result) as ArrayRef)
-}
-
-fn repeat_common(string: Option<&str>, number: Option<i64>) -> Option<String> {
-    match (string, number) {
-        (Some(string), Some(number)) if number >= 0 => {
-            Some(string.repeat(number as usize))
-        }
-        (Some(_), Some(_)) => Some("".to_string()),
-        _ => None,
-    }
+        .for_each(|(string, number)| match (string, number) {
+            (Some(string), Some(number)) if number >= 0 => {
+                builder.append_value(string.repeat(number as usize))
+            }
+            (Some(_), Some(_)) => builder.append_value(""),
+            _ => builder.append_null(),
+        });
+    let array = builder.finish();
+
+    Ok(Arc::new(array) as ArrayRef)
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

datafusion/functions/src/unicode/lpad.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow::array::{
-    Array, ArrayAccessor, ArrayIter, ArrayRef, AsArray, GenericStringArray,
-    GenericStringBuilder, Int64Array, OffsetSizeTrait, StringViewArray,
+    Array, ArrayRef, AsArray, GenericStringArray, GenericStringBuilder, Int64Array,
+    OffsetSizeTrait, StringViewArray,
 };
 use arrow::datatypes::DataType;
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ use datafusion_common::{exec_err, Result};
 use datafusion_expr::TypeSignature::Exact;
 use datafusion_expr::{ColumnarValue, ScalarUDFImpl, Signature, Volatility};
 
+use crate::string::common::StringArrayType;
 use crate::utils::{make_scalar_function, utf8_to_str_type};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -248,20 +249,6 @@ where
     Ok(Arc::new(array) as ArrayRef)
 }
 
-trait StringArrayType<'a>: ArrayAccessor<Item = &'a str> + Sized {
-    fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self>;
-}
-impl<'a, T: OffsetSizeTrait> StringArrayType<'a> for &'a GenericStringArray<T> {
-    fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self> {
-        GenericStringArray::<T>::iter(self)
-    }
-}
-impl<'a> StringArrayType<'a> for &'a StringViewArray {
-    fn iter(&self) -> ArrayIter<Self> {
-        StringViewArray::iter(self)
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use crate::unicode::lpad::LPadFunc;