Expose golang fqbn package for public use

[cmaglie]

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• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)
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• configuration.schema.json updated if new parameters are added.

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

This is a tentative design for exporting some of the internals of the Arduino CLI for reuse in other projects.

What is the current behavior?

The FQBN struct is not exported.

What is the new behavior?

The FQBN struct is exported through a public fqbn package.

Does this PR introduce a breaking change, and is titled accordingly?

Other information

Importing the newly created fqbn package as-is would cause a small dependency hell:

require (
	github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper v1.12.1 // indirect
	github.com/arduino/go-properties-orderedmap v1.8.1 // indirect
	github.com/leonelquinteros/gotext v1.7.0 // indirect
	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
	golang.org/x/sys v0.27.0 // indirect
)

I also suspect that the Arduino CLI locales are bundled as part of the dependencies. To reduce this burden I've isolated the i18n.Tr function from the rest of the locales handling, and moved those latter functions to the locales package. I've also replaced the gotext.Po instance with an interface with only the Get method required for i18n to work properly.
If the translations are not used in the importing project, a thin wrapper is used instead of gotext.Po.
This change has reduced the dependencies to the minimum:

require (
	github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper v1.12.1 // indirect
	github.com/arduino/go-properties-orderedmap v1.8.1 // indirect
)

and also reduced the executable size by 300KB (that I suppose are the locales that are no longer bundled).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 82.14286% with 15 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 67.57%. Comparing base (a9597d6) to head (ea29e02).
Report is 6 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
internal/locales/i18n.go	61.53%	4 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
internal/cli/board/list.go	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
commands/service_upload.go	50.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
commands/instances.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...al/arduino/cores/packagemanager/package_manager.go	90.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
internal/i18n/i18n.go	83.33%	1 Missing ⚠️
internal/locales/detect_windows.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2768      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   67.54%   67.57%   +0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         237      238       +1     
  Lines       22362    22362              
==========================================
+ Hits        15104    15111       +7     
+ Misses       6066     6062       -4     
+ Partials     1192     1189       -3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	67.57% <82.14%> (+0.03%)	⬆️

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[alessio-perugini]

super

[dankeboy36]

Hello, will this package get a public doc similar to what exists, for example, for arduino/go-paths-helper: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper?

I want to reference this new official implementation from my library. However, I could not find anything related to FQBN here: https://pkg.go.dev/search?q=arduino&m=package. Does it take some time to get published? I do not know how this works.

Thanks, and keep up the great work 💪

[alessio-perugini]

@dankeboy36 👋 it will become available once we tag the next release. If you want to see it right now you have to navigate the following URL:
https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli@master
At the bottom once you click for the fqbn pkg it will redirect you to:
https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/[email protected]/pkg/fqbn