feat: Add proxy support to CLI API client #23557

Job	Run time
argo-images (argoexec)	3m 44s
argo-images (argocli)	3m 41s
Get changed files	8s
Lint	4m 20s
Windows Unit Tests	11m 40s
Codegen	5m 10s
Unit Tests	4m 54s
UI	0s
E2E Tests (test-executor, minimal, false)	17m 24s
E2E Tests (test-corefunctional, minimal, false)	14m 58s
E2E Tests (test-functional, minimal, false)	23m 34s
E2E Tests (test-api, mysql, true)	14m 3s
E2E Tests (test-cli, mysql, true)	14m 55s
E2E Tests (test-cron, minimal, false)	24m 38s
E2E Tests (test-examples, minimal, false)	7m 9s
E2E Tests (test-plugins, plugins, false)	4m 47s
E2E Tests (test-java-sdk, minimal, true)	4m 32s
E2E Tests (test-python-sdk, minimal, true)	4m 5s
E2E Tests (test-executor, v1.28.13+k3s1, minimal, false)	16m 55s
E2E Tests (test-corefunctional, v1.28.13+k3s1, minimal, false)	15m 44s
E2E Tests (test-functional, v1.28.13+k3s1, minimal, false)	23m 40s
E2E Tests - Composite result	1s
	3h 40m 2s

Provide feedback