JAVA_HOME needs to point to a Java 17 installation, this is required for the build tools. The java code will be complied to be compatible with Java 8 (Version 52) and above.
This build uses Java 8, Java 11 and Java 15, so the following environmental variables need to be defined:
LTS_JDK8 -- Java 8 Home
LTS_JDK11 -- Java 11 Home
LTS_JDK15 -- Java 15 Home
Variables must point to the equivalent of JAVA_HOME for each of those Java JDKs.
The gradle (7.6.xx) build script does a sanity test on the presence of those variables, it does not validate they are set to a valid value, and you may experience other errors if they are set incorrectly.
Running gradle build without setting a variable, will result in an error similar to:
* What went wrong:
A problem occurred evaluating root project 'bc-fips-java'.
> Looking for JDK ENV 'LTS_JDK8' but found null
When the variables are set:
Looking for JDK ENV 'LTS_JDK8' found /Users/auser/openjdk/zulu8.64.0.19-ca-jdk8.0.345-macosx_aarch64
Looking for JDK ENV 'LTS_JDK11' found /Users/auser/openjdk/zulu11.58.23-ca-jdk11.0.16.1-macosx_aarch64
Looking for JDK ENV 'LTS_JDK15' found /Users/auser/openjdk/zulu15.42.15-ca-jdk15.0.8-macosx_aarch64
Before creating the jar the native libraries will need to be built. This will need to be done on each target platform specifically.
Before building the native code components, you will need to have the following installed:
Linux:
- build essentials
- cmake
- nasm
- gcc
Windows:
- TBD
The native headers need to be created first before the native library can be built, these are generated by the JVM so that JNI calls can be implemented with the correct signatures on the native side.
Change into the <base_dir>/ directory and run:
./gradlew clean compileJava -x test
# Run the tests later
This will compile the java code and build the headers, the tests will be run during Step 3.
Change into the <base_dir>/native directory.
# For linux Intel & ARM
./build_linux.sh
# For darwin (OSX), ARM only
./build_osx.sh
Remember: To cd .. and step back to the root of the project.
This will create the native libraries and install them into the correct location for them to be bundled into the LTS jar.
Change into the <base_dir>/ directory.
./gradlew clean cleanNative build copyJars
This will build a java only variation and copy all the build jars into ../bc-lts-java-jars/ directory. The name of the jar is defined with
the version=2.73.7 version property in gradle.properties.
Running the DumpInfo class from the jar will report something similar to:
java -cp ../bc-lts-java-jars/2.73.7/bcprov-lts8on-2.73.7.jar org.bouncycastle.util.DumpInfo
BouncyCastle APIs (LTS edition) v2.73.7
Native Features: None
Before doing this, please make sure you have built the native capabilities, see Step 2, above.
Building a jar with native capabilities exercising only the java core tests, running the core tests against native capabilities is covered next.
./gradlew clean cleanNative withNative build copyJars
After building a jar with the native libraries bundled in you can verify they are getting loaded by doing the following on an ARM based Mac:
#Running:
java -cp ../bc-lts-java-jars/2.73.7/bcprov-lts8on-2.73.7.jar org.bouncycastle.util.DumpInfo -a
BouncyCastle APIs (LTS edition) v2.73.7
Native Build Date: 2024-01-15T15:33:43
Native Status: READY
Native Variant: neon-le
Native Features: AES/CBC AES/CCM AES/CFB AES/CTR AES/ECB AES/GCM MULACC SHA2 SHA224 SHA256 SHA3 SHA384 SHA512 SHAKE
CPU Features and Variant availability.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variant CPU features + or -: Supported
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
neon-le +aes +sha256 +sha512 +sha3 +neon Variant Supported
On an Intel machine:
BouncyCastle APIs (LTS edition) v2.73.7
Native Build Date: 2024-01-11T19:24:03
Native Status: READY
Native Variant: vaesf
Native Features: AES/CBC AES/CBC-PC AES/CCM AES/CCM-PC AES/CFB AES/CFB-PC AES/CTR AES/CTR-PC AES/ECB AES/GCM AES/GCM-PC AES/GCM-SIV AES/GCMSIV-PC DRBG NRBG SHA2 SHA224 SHA256
CPU Features and Variant availability.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variant CPU features + or -: Supported
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VAESF +vaes +avx512f +avx512bw +vpclmulqdq Variant supported
VAES +vaes Variant supported
AVX +avx Variant supported
Use the following test targets to exercise the tests while using specific sets of native components compiled for certain CPU features.
Table of variants:
| Variant Name | Family | Requirements | Test Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| avx | x86_64 | avx sha aes pclmul rdrnd -rdseed lzcnt | testAVX |
| vaes | x86_64 | avx sha aes pclmul rdrnd rdseed lzcnt vaes avx2 | testVAES |
| vaesf | x86_64 | avx sha aes pclmul rdrnd rdseed lzcnt vaes avx2 avx512f | testVAESF |
| neon-le | ARM64 | aes sha256 sha512 sha3 neon | testNEON_LE |
NB: For the moment only Little Endian ARM is supported.
Attempting to test a variant on a CPU without matching hardware features will cause a fault.
# Using testXXX will run the java tests but with the native componnents swapped in
# where appropriate. In this case we are skipping the java only tests, hence the '-x test'
# but that can be removed and it will test both java and native.
# Intel
./gradlew clean cleanNative withNative build testSSE -x test
./gradlew clean cleanNative withNative build testAVX -x test
./gradlew clean cleanNative withNative build testVAES -x test
./gradlew clean cleanNative withNative build testVAESF -x test
# Intel + java (assuming you have a CPU with the features)
./gradlew clean cleanNative withNative build testAVX testVAES testVAESF
# ARM
./gradlew clean cleanNative withNative build testNEON_LE -x test
# ARM with java
./gradlew clean cleanNative withNative build testNEON_LE
The module can be used like any other jar file, it will manage the installation of native libraries into
a temporary directory created in the same path as File.createTempFile().
The library includes a probe library that examines CPU features and advises the module which native variation is the appropriate version to load.
To override this use the -Dorg.bouncycastle.native.cpu_variant at the time of invocation or
this value can be set within the security policy as well.
For example, using -Dorg.bouncycastle.native.cpu_variant=avx:
# Intel
BouncyCastle APIs (LTS edition) v2.73.7
Native Build Date: 2024-01-11T19:24:03
Native Status: READY
Native Variant: avx [<==== VARIANT!!!]
Native Features: AES/CBC AES/CBC-PC AES/CCM AES/CCM-PC AES/CFB AES/CFB-PC AES/CTR AES/CTR-PC AES/ECB AES/GCM AES/GCM-PC AES/GCM-SIV AES/GCMSIV-PC DRBG NRBG SHA2 SHA224 SHA256
CPU Features and Variant availability.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variant CPU features + or -: Supported
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VAESF +vaes +avx512f +avx512bw +vpclmulqdq Variant supported
VAES +vaes Variant supported
AVX +avx Variant supported
NB: Forcing a variant that is compiled to use instructions not supported by the host CPU will case a fault and terminate the program. And you won't know until the JVM either errors or causes a segfault.
| Property | Values | Description |
|---|---|---|
| org.bouncycastle.native.cpu_variant | avx, vaes, vaesf or neon-le | Specify a variant to use see "Selecting a specific variant" for warnings. |
| org.bouncycastle.packet_cipher_enabled | true or false | False by default, enable or disable use of packet ciphers where appropriate. |
The native implementations may try to buffer anywhere from zero bytes to 16 blocks. The amount of buffering or any buffering at all depends on the transformation and the underlying hardware. This is one difference between the usual Java only api and the JNI based LTS - due to the use of underlying hardware the LTS api will behave more like an HSM does.
What this means is that users may need to pay more attention to the amount of data returned from a read call, for example:
CipherInputStream cin = ...
byte[] dataIExpect = new byte[...];
cin.read(dataIExpect);
May not return any data or may return the partial or different amount of data to what you might have observed previously using the java non-native implementation. This behavior is consistent with the specification for the read methods on InputStream, for example:
public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException
Reads up to len bytes of data from the input stream into an array of bytes. An attempt is made to read
as many as len bytes, but a smaller number may be read. The number of bytes actually read is returned
as an integer.
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/InputStream.html#read-byte:A-
It is important that users ensure they are not making assumptions concerning the amount of data returned and check the number of bytes returned as they go, for example:
CipherInputStream cin = ...
byte[] dataIExpect = new byte[...];
int l = cin.read(dataIExpect);
// Does `l` equal what I expect it to? Am I checking this?
Reading fully in java has always been a special case with DataInputStream for example supplying a special
readFully(byte[] b) method to do it. The BC org.bouncycastle.util.io.Streams class
also has utility methods for reading fully to things like byte arrays and may be suitable in your use case.
Lightweight API users should also pay attention to the returned lengths as well, please note
the variable j in the following example:
GCMModeCipher gcm = ...
gcm.init( ... );
byte[] out = new byte[gcm.getOutputSize(...)];
int j = gcm.processBytes(message, 0, message.length, out, 0);
gcm.doFinal(out, j);
HW accelerated features may vary between CPUs for example SHA3 support is available for ARM but not Intel.
The Bouncy Castle Crypto package is a Java implementation of cryptographic algorithms, it was developed by the Legion of the Bouncy Castle, a registered Australian Charity, with a little help! The Legion, and the latest goings-on with this package, can be found at https://www.bouncycastle.org.
The Legion also gratefully acknowledges the contributions made to this package by others ( see here for the current list). If you would like to contribute to our efforts please feel free to get in touch with us or visit our donations page, sponsor some specific work, or purchase a support contract through Crypto Workshop.
The package is organised so that it contains a light-weight API suitable for use in any environment (including the newly released J2ME) with the additional infrastructure to conform the algorithms to the JCE framework.
Except where otherwise stated, this software is distributed under a license based on the MIT X Consortium license. To view the license, see here. The OpenPGP library also includes a modified BZIP2 library which is licensed under the Apache Software License, Version 2.0.
Note: this source tree is not the FIPS version of the APIs - if you are interested in our FIPS version please contact us directly at [email protected].
The clean room JCE, for use with JDK 1.1 to JDK 1.3 is in the jce/src/main/java directory. From JDK 1.4 and later the JCE ships with the JVM, the source for later JDKs follows the progress that was made in the later versions of the JCE. If you are using a later version of the JDK which comes with a JCE install please do not include the jce directory as a source file as it will clash with the JCE API installed with your JDK.
The core module provides all the functionality in the ligthweight APIs.
The prov module provides all the JCA/JCE provider functionality.
The util module is the home for code which is used by other modules that does not need to be in prov. At the moment this is largely ASN.1 classes for the PKIX module.
The pkix module is the home for code for X.509 certificate generation and the APIs for standards that rely on ASN.1 such as CMS, TSP, PKCS#12, OCSP, CRMF, and CMP.
The mail module provides an S/MIME API built on top of CMS.
The pg module is the home for code used to support OpenPGP.
The tls module is the home for code used to a general TLS API and JSSE Provider.
The build scripts that come with the full distribution allow creation of the different releases by using the different source trees while excluding classes that are not appropriate and copying in the required compatibility classes from the directories containing compatibility classes appropriate for the distribution.
If you want to try create a build for yourself, using your own environment, the best way to do it is to start with the build for the distribution you are interested in, make sure that builds, and then modify your build scripts to do the required exclusions and file copies for your setup, otherwise you are likely to get class not found exceptions. The final caveat to this is that as the j2me distribution includes some compatibility classes starting in the java package, you need to use an obfuscator to change the package names before attempting to import a midlet using the BC API.
To view some examples, look at the test programs in the packages:
-
org.bouncycastle.crypto.test
-
org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.test
-
org.bouncycastle.cms.test
-
org.bouncycastle.mail.smime.test
-
org.bouncycastle.openpgp.test
-
org.bouncycastle.tsp.test
There are also some specific example programs for dealing with SMIME and OpenPGP. They can be found in:
-
org.bouncycastle.mail.smime.examples
-
org.bouncycastle.openpgp.examples
For those who are interested, there are 2 mailing lists for participation in this project. To subscribe use the links below and include the word subscribe in the message body. (To unsubscribe, replace subscribe with unsubscribe in the message body)
- [email protected]
This mailing list is for new release announcements only, general subscribers cannot post to it. - [email protected]
This mailing list is for discussion of development of the package. This includes bugs, comments, requests for enhancements, questions about use or operation.
NOTE: You need to be subscribed to send mail to the above mailing list.
If you want to provide feedback directly to the members of The Legion then please use [email protected], if you want to help this project survive please consider donating.
For bug reporting/requests you can report issues here on github, or via feedback-crypto if required. We will accept pull requests based on this repository as well, but only on the basis that any code included may be distributed under the Bouncy Castle License.
Enjoy!