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niveau1/Dutch/Reporting_20240501.yml

@@ -55,6 +55,6 @@ Main-text:
     
     Koloniale bronnen zijn geschreven vanuit een perspectief dat koloniale overheersing rechtvaardigt. Vaak worden er termen gebruikt die niet meer gebruikelijk zijn of tegenwoordig als ongepast en kwetsend worden beschouwd. De zoekhulp [Bronnen](link naar zh Bronnen) geeft aanwijzingen over de omgang met verouderd taalgebruik in koloniale bronnen. In de verslaglegging is het van belang om de historische woorden en begrippen – eventueel tussen aanhalingstekens en voorzien van toelichting – te noemen indien ze noodzakelijk zijn om de objectgeschiedenis te begrijpen en verder onderzoek mogelijk te maken.
     
-    De publicatie [Woorden doen ertoe](https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/sites/default/files/2018-09/WordsMatter_DEF_Totale_PDF_NL_0.pdf) van het Wereldmuseum geeft tips voor de omgang met koloniale teminologie.
+    De publicatie [Woorden doen ertoe](https://www.tropenmuseum.nl/sites/default/files/2018-09/WordsMatter_DEF_Totale_PDF_NL_0.pdf) van het Wereldmuseum geeft tips voor de omgang met koloniale terminologie.
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niveau1/English/Reporting_20240501.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Main-text:
   content: |
     ##The provenance report:
     
-    The purpose of the provenance report is to record both the research itself and the key data it produced. In doing so, it is important to provide the most omprehensive overview of the sources consulted, even if they did not reveal anything or contained conflicting information. Future provenance researchers can draw on this. This [checklist](link to pdf/page of checklist) provides an overview of possible points of interest. 
+    The purpose of the provenance report is to record both the research itself and the key data it produced. In doing so, it is important to provide the most comprehensive overview of the sources consulted, even if they did not reveal anything or contained conflicting information. Future provenance researchers can draw on this. This [checklist](link to pdf/page of checklist) provides an overview of possible points of interest. 
     
     A provenance report can take different forms. There are no official guidelines for reporting provenance research from, for example, the Dutch Museum Association or the ICOM. In institutions that manage collections, different forms of reporting are sometimes combined or used alongside each other.
     

niveau1/English/SelectAndDelineate_20240425.yml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Main-text:
     
     ## How do you select objects with a problematic provenance?:
     
-    If your purpose is to identify objects that have been looted or otherwise involuntarily disposessed, you probably want to know if there are certain characteristics by which you can identify these objects. Any clarity on this will come only after conducting provenance research: sometimes [basic research](niveau1/English/DoingResearch_20240425.yml) is sufficient to reveal a problematic provenance, but often extensive research will be necessary. 
+    If your purpose is to identify objects that have been looted or otherwise involuntarily dispossessed, you probably want to know if there are certain characteristics by which you can identify these objects. Any clarity on this will come only after conducting provenance research: sometimes [basic research](niveau1/English/DoingResearch_20240425.yml) is sufficient to reveal a problematic provenance, but often extensive research will be necessary. 
     
     There are several categories of objects that can be prioritized in this context:
     - Human remains

niveau1/English/Sources_20240501.yml

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Main-text:
     
     Such private collections can be found in numerous archives in the Netherlands. It is therefore advisable to begin your search at [www.archieven.nl](https://www.archieven.nl/). However, not all archival institutions can be found here, so it is often necessary to continue your search outside this website. Many Dutch nationals who were active in colonial administration, the military or science deposited their personal archives at the [Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV)](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2282075). These archives are now part of the [Leiden University Libraries]([https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl). Sometimes archives are still in private ownership, with families, organizations or companies.
     
-    Through the Dutch [National Archives](https://www.nationaalarchief.nl) the personnel records (studbooks) of colonial civil servants, military and naval personnel are digitally available. In this way, it is possible to find when and where they were stationed, and for what actions they received badges of honor and decorations.
+    Through the Dutch [National Archives](https://www.nationaalarchief.nl) the personnel records (studbooks) of colonial civil servants, military and naval personnel are digitally available. In this way, it is possible to find when and where they were stationed, and for what actions they received badges of honour and decorations.
     
     **Archives of institutions and governments**
     

niveau2/Dutch/Trade_20240326.yml

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Main-text:
   content: |
     ### Beschrijving
     
-    De handel in koloniale voorwerpen en goederen stond aan de basis van de vorming van collecties in Nederland. Handel en verkoop speelden een centrale rol in de circulatie van deze voorwerpen in Europa. Tegen het begin van de 20ste eeuw had de koloniale kunsthandel zich in Nederland tot een bloeiende business ontwikkeld. Musea kochten regelmatig bij handelaren en veilinghuizen, niet alleen in Nederland, maar ook in andere Europese koloniserende landen, met name Duitsland, België, Frankrijk en Groot-Britannië. Diezelfde handelaren en veilinghuizen waren bronnen voor privécollecties, van waaruit voorwerpen soms later weer in museumcollecties terechtkwamen.
+    De handel in koloniale voorwerpen en goederen stond aan de basis van de vorming van collecties in Nederland. Handel en verkoop speelden een centrale rol in de circulatie van deze voorwerpen in Europa. Tegen het begin van de 20ste eeuw had de koloniale kunsthandel zich in Nederland tot een bloeiende business ontwikkeld. Musea kochten regelmatig bij handelaren en veilinghuizen, niet alleen in Nederland, maar ook in andere Europese koloniserende landen, met name Duitsland, België, Frankrijk en Groot-Brittannië. Diezelfde handelaren en veilinghuizen waren bronnen voor privécollecties, van waaruit voorwerpen soms later weer in museumcollecties terechtkwamen.
     
     Bekende handelaren die koloniale goederen aan musea en particulieren verkochten waren de firma’s [Van Lier](https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/pi57937) (1927-1996), [Aalderink](https://data.rkd.nl/artists/437058) (1930-2023) en [Lemaire](https://data.rkd.nl/artists/446005) (1933-heden) en de Amsterdamse veilinghuizen [Frederik Muller & Co.](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q18821838) (1876-1961) en [Mak van Waay](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q73900989) (1918-1974). In Den Haag waren de winkels de [Groote Koninklijke Bazar](https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/pi56363) (1841-1927) en [Boeatan](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q101082502) (1903-1949) gespecialiseerd in oosterse kunstnijverheid.
     

niveau2/English/ChristianMission_20240417.yml

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Main-text:
   content: |
     ### Description
     
-    From the Netherlands during the colonial era, [Protestant](https://data.indischherinneringscentrum.nl/ied/104099) and [Catholic](https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/termmaster25128) mission were practiced. Both Christian groups focused on the Dutch colonies, particularly Suriname and the Dutch East Indies, but missionaries were also active in China, the United States and Congo, among other places. Missionary organizations had demarcated among themselves regions in which they were active, without further official agreements. 
+    From the Netherlands during the colonial era, [Protestant](https://data.indischherinneringscentrum.nl/ied/104099) and [Catholic](https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/termmaster25128) mission were practised. Both Christian groups focused on the Dutch colonies, particularly Suriname and the Dutch East Indies, but missionaries were also active in China, the United States and Congo, among other places. Missionary organizations had demarcated among themselves regions in which they were active, without further official agreements. 
     
     The missionaries brought objects from the areas where they were working, sometimes at the request of the organizations that sent them out. The objects were displayed during education about the organization's work or for the purpose of raising funds. When the organizations disposed of the objects, they then ended up in other collections, such as those of ethnographic museums. Individual missionaries also donated and sold objects to such museums. Objects from the mission also ended up in trade and private collections.
     

niveau2/English/MilitaryAndNavy_20240417.yml

@@ -63,15 +63,15 @@ Main-text:
     
     Only a small number of objects in Dutch museums concern official spoils of war sent to the Netherlands by order of the colonial armies. A well-known example is the so-called [Lombok treasure](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q115754448). There are many more objects originating from individual military personnel that ended up in the Netherlands through private initiative. There were several ways military personnel obtained these objects: they could have been looted, donated or bought from the local population.
     
-    In the case of gifts received and objects purchased by military personnel, it is important to remember that there was an unequal balance of power between colonizer and colonized. Objects may have been sold or given out of fear, to favor the ruler or because the ongoing war situation led to impoverishment of the population."
+    In the case of gifts received and objects purchased by military personnel, it is important to remember that there was an unequal balance of power between colonizer and colonized. Objects may have been sold or given out of fear, to favour the ruler or because the ongoing war situation led to impoverishment of the population."
     
     ### Provenance research
     
     Military personnel in the colonial armies regularly changed positions and duty stations, and they rose in rank. The rank listed in the object documentation may be different from the rank at the time of acquisition in the country of origin. The personnel files (stamboeken) in the National Archives and the officer's books are reliable sources to find out the rank, function and station at the time of acquisition. Through the digitized newspapers on [Delpher](https://www.delpher.nl/), further information about the wartime actions and further activities of the soldier in question can be retrieved.
     
     To find information about a soldier, it is important to first determine which army or army unit the soldier served with, such as the Landmacht (the Dutch Army), the KNIL or the Navy. The [search aids](https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/zoekhulpen/militairen-en- naval personnel) of the National Archives can be of service in this regard. 
     
-    The personnel files of conscripts deployed to Indonesia in 1945-1949 are at the Ministry of Defense until 2026-2027 and are retrievable on the [website of the ministry]](https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/privacyrechten/privacyrechten-persoonsgegevens). To access a service record, a death certificate must be provided. Death certificates are subject to privacy restrictions, but an extract from the "persoonskaart" also applies. Extracts can be requested from the CBG (Center for Family History). Important information on the record is in which army unit the soldier served. Records and/or ego documents relating to almost every army unit can be found in archives and publications. These are mainly in the collections of the NIOD, the NIMH and at the Leiden University Libraries.
+    The personnel files of conscripts deployed to Indonesia in 1945-1949 are at the Ministry of Defence until 2026-2027 and are retrievable on the [website of the ministry]](https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/privacyrechten/privacyrechten-persoonsgegevens). To access a service record, a death certificate must be provided. Death certificates are subject to privacy restrictions, but an extract from the "persoonskaart" also applies. Extracts can be requested from the CBG (Center for Family History). Important information on the record is in which army unit the soldier served. Records and/or ego documents relating to almost every army unit can be found in archives and publications. These are mainly in the collections of the NIOD, the NIMH and at the Leiden University Libraries.
     
     Through the National Archives, personnel files (studbooks) of military and naval personnel are digitally searchable. There are search aids for the Dutch East Indies, West Indies and the various naval and army units. The studbooks contain information about when a serviceman or marine was stationed where and summary personal information. A [glossary](https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/zoekhulpen/militaire-stamboeken-afkortingen-en-verklarende-woordenlijst) explains abbreviations in the studbooks.
     

niveau2/English/Science_20240821.yml

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Main-text:
   content: |
     ### Description
     
-    The development of various scientific disciplines, such as ethnography and geology, during mainly the nineteenth century went hand in hand with the European colonial and imperial expansion. The Dutch colonial territories and the nature, culture and population present there, consequently formed an important source for scientific research by scholars from the Netherlands and other countries. A well-known example where scientific research and colonial oppression went hand in hand are the excavations that took place under [Eugène Dubois](http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q317176) on Sumatra and Java at the end of the nineteenth century, during which forced laborers excavated a collection of nearly 40,000 objects. This collection is still part of [Naturalis](niveau3/English/Naturalis_20270710.yml) in Leiden to this day, and the Homo erectus fossils found during these excavations are still considered an important scientific discovery. Without the colonial system, Eugène Dubois would not have been able to achieve this kind of discovery.
+    The development of various scientific disciplines, such as ethnography and geology, during mainly the nineteenth century went hand in hand with the European colonial and imperial expansion. The Dutch colonial territories and the nature, culture and population present there, consequently formed an important source for scientific research by scholars from the Netherlands and other countries. A well-known example where scientific research and colonial oppression went hand in hand are the excavations that took place under [Eugène Dubois](http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q317176) on Sumatra and Java at the end of the nineteenth century, during which forced labourers excavated a collection of nearly 40,000 objects. This collection is still part of [Naturalis](niveau3/English/Naturalis_20270710.yml) in Leiden to this day, and the Homo erectus fossils found during these excavations are still considered an important scientific discovery. Without the colonial system, Eugène Dubois would not have been able to achieve this kind of discovery.
     
     Furthermore, European scientists often had broader interests than their own field of study. So it may well be that a geologist also collected other types of objects and later donated them to a museum. Missionaries also engaged in scientific research in addition to baptizing the local population. So the collections they collected were not only collected from the point of view of their mission, but could also have had a scientific character. Often objects collected by missionaries were used for teaching in the Netherlands. Special attention should also be paid to photography. This relatively new technique developed in the nineteenth century, was frequently used during scientific research in the colonial territories. These photographs later often remained part of the collections and thus contributed to the image that was created in Europe of the nature, the people and their culture in the colonies.
     

niveau3/Dutch/Bronbeek_20241002.yml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Main-text:
     
     ### Herkomstonderzoek
     
-    De collectie van Museum Bronbeek is doorzoekbaar op de [collectiewebsite](http://museumbronbeek.nl/) van het museum. De bibliotheek met meer dan 15.000 boeken is doorzoekbaar via [Worldcat](https://mindef.on.worldcat.org/discovery). Archieven met betrekking tot Bronbeek zijn te vinden bij het museum zelf, bij het [Nationaal Archief](https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken) in Den Haag en bij het [Nederlands Instituur voor Militaire Historie](https://www.nimh.nl/) (NIMH). 
+    De collectie van Museum Bronbeek is doorzoekbaar op de [collectiewebsite](http://museumbronbeek.nl/) van het museum. De bibliotheek met meer dan 15.000 boeken is doorzoekbaar via [Worldcat](https://mindef.on.worldcat.org/discovery). Archieven met betrekking tot Bronbeek zijn te vinden bij het museum zelf, bij het [Nationaal Archief](https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken) in Den Haag en bij het [Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie](https://www.nimh.nl/) (NIMH). 
     
     In 2024 heeft Museum Bronbeek een [website](http://www.rmwo.nl/) gelanceerd met 6000 biografieën van Ridders in de Militaire Willems-Orde. Hierin zijn verschillende publicaties over de Militaire Willems-Orde verzameld, aangevuld en online doorzoekbaar gemaakt. Er kan worden gezocht op naam, jaartal, rang of legeronderdeel. Individuele pagina's bevatten een persoonlijke informatie, informatie over detachering en archiefverwijzingen.
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niveau3/Dutch/KoninklijkeBazar_20240313.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Relevant data:
     - "D. Boer & Zonen"
   Tags:
     Activity:
-      - "[Kunstandel](https://data.cultureelerfgoed.nl/term/id/cht/894a3834-2f95-4ed5-bf11-3f4170801bbf)"
+      - "[Kunsthandel](https://data.cultureelerfgoed.nl/term/id/cht/894a3834-2f95-4ed5-bf11-3f4170801bbf)"
     Type of objects:
       - "[Etnografica](http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300234108)"
       - "[Keramiek](http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300151343)"

niveau3/Dutch/RijksmuseumAmsterdam_20241006.yml

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Main-text:
     
     ### Herkomstonderzoek
     
-    De objectcollectie van het Rijksmuseum is toegankelijk en doorzoekbaar via de zogenaamde [Rijksstudio](https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken), via de optie 'uitgebreid zoeken' zijn meer selectie mogelijkheden voor het vinden van objecten. Via de objectpaginas is veelal relevante informatie vindbaar voor herkomstonderzoek, ook worden er relevante publicaties getoond.
+    De objectcollectie van het Rijksmuseum is toegankelijk en doorzoekbaar via de zogenaamde [Rijksstudio](https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zoeken), via de optie 'uitgebreid zoeken' zijn meer selectie mogelijkheden voor het vinden van objecten. Via de objectpagina's is veelal relevante informatie vindbaar voor herkomstonderzoek, ook worden er relevante publicaties getoond.
     
     De archieven van het Rijksmuseum en rechtsvoorgangers to 1995 zijn beschikbaar via het [Noord-Hollands Archief](https://hdl.handle.net/21.12102/01644F687DD84B309BF24360FD2B2A25) en is voorzien van een uitvoerige archiefbeschrijving. De meer recente archieven zijn beschikbaar via het Rijksmuseum zelf. Voor informatie over dit archiefmateriaal en de mogelijkheden tot het raadplegen ervan kun je contact opnemen met de archiefmedewerkers van het Rijksmuseum via <[email protected]>.