Refactor query frontend to return prometheus error response #8691

Job	Run time
lint	2m 16s
CodeQL	7m 47s
build	3m 49s
test	22m 8s
integration-configs-db	2m 6s
integration (requires_docker)	6m 1s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	4m 10s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	7m 39s
integration (integration_memberlist)	7m 47s
integration (integration_querier)	12m 23s
integration (integration_ruler)	4m 3s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	2m 24s
deploy_website	0s
deploy	0s
	1h 22m 33s

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