chore: add version 1.17.0 to compatibility test #8854

Job	Run time
lint	16m 3s
CodeQL	6m 38s
build	3m 44s
test	17m 52s
integration-configs-db	2m 7s
integration (requires_docker)	5m 53s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	4m 12s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	8m 50s
integration (integration_memberlist)	7m 36s
integration (integration_querier)	12m 22s
integration (integration_ruler)	4m 3s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	2m 21s
deploy_website	0s
deploy	0s
	1h 31m 41s

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