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Elasticsearch Study

Table of Contents

Preparing the study environment

We will study Elasticsearch and Logstash. So we need to install these tools.

Installing Elasticsearch on Windows, using the zip package

  • Download the Elasticsearch zip package for Windows.
  • Extract the contents of the zip file to a directory (for example: C:\elasticsearch).
  • Open CMD or PowerShell, run the following command and wait:
C:\elasticsearch\bin\elasticsearch.bat

See also: Checking Elasticsearch status

Running Elasticsearch with Docker

Before proceeding, make sure you have Docker installed and running on your system. More information at: https://www.docker.com/get-started/

Basic configuration

docker run -d -p 9200:9200 --name my_container elasticsearch:8.13.4

Where:

  • 9200: Elasticsearch TCP/IP port.
  • my_container: Arbitrary name for the container.
  • elasticsearch:8.13.4: Docker image name and version for Elasticsearch.

With custom network

docker network create my_network
docker run -d -p 9200:9200 --name my_container --net my_network elasticsearch:8.13.4

Where my_network is a arbitrary name for Docker network.

With basic authentication enabled

docker run -d \
  -e discovery.type=single-node \
  -e xpack.security.enabled=true \
  -e ELASTIC_PASSWORD=my_password \
  -p 9200:9200 \
  --name my_container \
  elasticsearch:8.13.4

Where my_password is the password that should be provided for each access to Elasticsearch, as shown in the following example:

curl -u elastic:my_password http://localhost:9200?pretty

With custom network and basic authentication enabled

docker network create my_network

docker run -d \
  -e discovery.type=single-node \
  -e xpack.security.enabled=true \
  -e ELASTIC_PASSWORD=my_password \
  -p 9200:9200 \
  --name my_container \
  --net my_network \
  elasticsearch:8.13.4

Checking Elasticsearch status

In the terminal (CMD or PowerShell on Windows), execute this command:

curl http://localhost:9200?pretty

But if basic authentication is enabled in Elasticsearch, the command should include the credentials, such as:

curl -u elastic:my_password http://localhost:9200?pretty

Example of the expected output:

{
  "name" : "115dcea1258b",
  "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
  "cluster_uuid" : "PJB8bJTcQouZybMFHH2-xg",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "8.13.0",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "docker",
    "build_hash" : "09df99393193b2c53d92899662a8b8b3c55b45cd",
    "build_date" : "2024-03-22T03:35:46.757803203Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "9.10.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "7.17.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "7.0.0"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

Installing Logstash on Windows, using zip package

  • Download the Logstash zip package for Windows.
  • Extract the contents of the zip file to a directory (for example: C:\logstash).

See also: Import countries data from CSV file, using Logstash

Importing data

Import movies data from JSON file

Resource:

Command line:

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT localhost:9200/_bulk?pretty --data-binary @movies.json

Create series index and import data

Create series index (master/detail)

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT localhost:9200/series -d '
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "film_to_franchise": {
        "type":"join",
        "relations":{
          "franchise":"film"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'

Import series from JSON file

Resource:
Command line:
curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT localhost:9200/_bulk?pretty --data-binary @series.json

Create product index and import data

Create products index

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/products" -d '
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": { "type": "integer" },
      "name": { 
        "type": "text",
        "fields": {
          "raw": {
            "type": "keyword"
          }
        }
      },
      "group": { "type": "keyword" },
      "stock": { "type": "integer" },
      "price": { "type": "float" }
    }
  }
}'

Import product data from JSON file

Resource:
Command line:
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/products/_bulk?pretty" --data-binary "@products.json"

Import countries data from CSV file, using Logstash

Resources:

Command line:

c:\logstash\bin\logstash -f C:\data\csv-countries.conf

See also: Installing Logstash on Windows, using zip package

Index operations

List all indices

curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v

Delete movies index

curl -s -XDELETE localhost:9200/movies

Create movies index

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT localhost:9200/movies -d '
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "year": {
        "type": "date"
      }
    }
  }
}'

Get movies mapping

curl -s -XGET localhost:9200/movies/_mapping

Inserting, getting, updating and deleting documents

Insert a movie

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST localhost:9200/movies/_doc/109487 -d '
{
  "genre":["IMAX","Sci-Fi"],
  "title":"Interestellar",
  "year":2014
}'

Get all movies

curl -s -XGET localhost:9200/movies/_search?pretty

Get a movie

curl -s -XGET localhost:9200/movies/_doc/109487?pretty

Update a movie

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST localhost:9200/movies/_doc/109487/_update -d '
{
  "doc": {
    "title":"Interestellar UPDATED"
  }
}'

Conditional update movie

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT "localhost:9200/movies/_doc/109487?if_seq_no=10&if_primary_term=1" -d '
{
  "genres":["IMAX","Sci-Fi"],
  "title":"Interestellar 2",
  "year":2014
}'

Update movie, retry on conflict

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST localhost:9200/movies/_doc/109487/_update?retry_on_conflict=5 -d '
{
  "doc":{
    "title":"Interestellar 3"  
  }
}'

Delete a movie

curl -s -XDELETE localhost:9200/movies/_doc/109487?pretty

Master/details queries

Get all films (details) from a serie (master)

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET localhost:9200/series/_search?pretty -d '
{
  "query":{
    "has_parent":{
      "parent_type":"franchise",
      "query":{
        "match":{
          "title":"Star Wars"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'

Get serie (master) from a film (detail)

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET localhost:9200/series/_search?pretty -d '
{
  "query":{
    "has_child":{
      "type":"film",
      "query":{
        "match":{
          "title":"The Force Awakens"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'

Finding data with simple query

Find movies by title

curl -s -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?q=title:Wars&pretty"

Find movies where year > 2015

curl -s -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?q=year:>2015&pretty"

Find movies where year > 2010 AND year < 2016

curl -s -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?q=year:>2010+AND+year:<2016&pretty"

Find movies where year > 2010 AND title contains "force"

curl -s -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?q=year:>2010+AND+title:force&pretty"

Finding data using JSON query

Find movies by title

curl -s -H "Content-Type:application/json" -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?pretty -d'
{
  "query":{
    "match":{
      "title":"force"
    }
  }
}'

Find movies where year > 2015

curl -s -H "Content-Type:application/json" -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?pretty -d'
{
  "query":{
    "range":{
      "year":{
        "gt":2015
      }
    }
  }
}'

Find movies where year > 2010 AND year < 2016

curl -s -H "Content-Type:application/json" -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?pretty -d'
{
  "query":{
    "range":{
      "year":{
        "gt":2010,
        "lt":2016
      }
    }
  }
}'

Find movies where year > 2010 AND title contains "force"

The word must is equivalent to the AND operator.

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?pretty" -d '{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        { "range": { "year": { "gt": 2010 } } },
        { "match": { "title": "force" } }
      ]
    }
  }
}'

Find movies where year < 2010 OR year > 2015

The word should is equivalent to the OR operator.

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?pretty" -d '{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "range": { "year": { "lt": 2010 } } },
        { "range": { "year": { "gt": 2015 } } }
      ]
    }
  }
}'

Find movies where title contains a phrase

curl -s -H "Content-Type:application/json" -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?pretty -d'
{
  "query":{
    "match_phrase":{
      "title":"star wars"
    }
  }
}'

Find movies where title contains a few words

curl -s -H "Content-Type:application/json" -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/movies/_search?pretty -d'
{
  "query":{
    "match_phrase":{
      "title":{
        "query":"episode star",
        "slop":100
      }
    }
  }
}'

Pagination

To use query result pagination, set the from and size parameters.

Pagination using simple query

curl -s -XGET "localhost:9200/movies/_search?pretty&from=0&size=2"

Pagination using JSON query

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET "localhost:9200/movies/_search?pretty" -d '{
  "from": 0,
  "size": 2,
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}'

Ordering the results

To order query results, set the sort parameter.

Order by year, ascending

Simple query:

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET "localhost:9200/movies/_search?sort=year&pretty"

JSON query:

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET "localhost:9200/movies/_search?pretty" -d '{
  "sort": [
    { "year": "asc" }
  ]
}'

Order by year, descending

curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET "localhost:9200/movies/_search?pretty" -d '{
  "sort": [
    { "year": "desc" }
  ]
}'

Query three products with the highest prices

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XGET "localhost:9200/products/_search?pretty" -d '
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ],
  "size": 3
}'

Query products by name and order by name.raw

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XGET "localhost:9200/products/_search?pretty" -d '
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name" : "PVC"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    { "name.raw": "asc" }
  ]
}'

Returning only some attributes

curl -s -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XGET "localhost:9200/products/_search?pretty&filter_path=hits.hits._source" -d '
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name" : "PVC"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    { "name.raw": "asc" }
  ],
  "_source": ["id", "name", "price"]
}'

Changing the field type

Create a temporary index

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/temp-index?pretty"  -d '
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": {"type": "integer"},
      "code": {"type": "keyword"},
      "name": {"type": "text"},
      "currency": {"type": "keyword"},
      "latitude": {"type": "float"},
      "longitude": {"type": "float"}
    }
  }
}'

Copy data to temporary index

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/_reindex?pretty" -d '
{
  "source": {
    "index": "countries"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "temp-index"
  }
}'

Delete old index

curl -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/countries

Recreate the old index

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/countries?pretty"  -d '
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": {"type": "integer"},
      "code": {"type": "keyword"},
      "name": {"type": "text"},
      "currency": {"type": "keyword"},
      "latitude": {"type": "float"},
      "longitude": {"type": "float"}
    }
  }
}'

Copy data to old recreated index

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/_reindex?pretty" -d '
{
  "source": {
    "index": "temp-index"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "countries"
  }
}'

Delete temporary index

curl -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/temp-index

Aggregating data

Count of products by group

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/products/_search?pretty'  -d '
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_aggs": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "group"
      }
    }
  }
}'

Quantity in stock per group

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/products/_search?pretty' -d '{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_aggs": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "group"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "total_stock": {
          "sum": {
            "field": "stock"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'

Financial value of stock by group

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XGET "localhost:9200/products/_search?pretty" -d '
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "by_group": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "group"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "total": {
          "sum": {
            "script": {
              "source": "doc[\"stock\"].value * doc[\"price\"].value"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'

Min, max and avg price by group

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/products/_search?pretty' -d '{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_aggs": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "group"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "min_price": {
          "min": {
            "field": "price"
          }
        },
        "max_price": {
          "max": {
            "field": "price"
          }
        },
        "avg_price": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "price"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'

Calculated field

Query products with these fields:

  • id
  • name
  • stock
  • price
  • total (stock * price)
curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XGET "localhost:9200/products/_search?pretty" -d '
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "script_fields": {
    "total": {
      "script": {
        "source": "doc[\"stock\"].value * doc[\"price\"].value"
      }
    }
  },
  "_source": ["id", "name", "stock", "price"],
  "size": 10
}'

Users and permissions

The next topics demonstrate how to create, modify, and delete a user. A user will be created who can only read data from a specific index.

Creating a new index for access testing

curl -s -u elastic:password \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -X PUT "localhost:9200/countries" \
     -d '{
           "mappings": {
             "properties": {
               "iso_code": {
                 "type": "keyword"
               },
               "country_name": {
                 "type": "text"
               }
             }
           }
         }'

Expected output:

{"acknowledged":true,"shards_acknowledged":true,"index":"countries"}

Insert some countries for testing

curl -s -u elastic:password \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -X POST "localhost:9200/countries/_doc?pretty" \
     -d '{
           "iso_code": "BR",
           "country_name": "Brazil"
         }'

curl -s -u elastic:password \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -X POST "localhost:9200/countries/_doc?pretty" \
     -d '{
           "iso_code": "US",
           "country_name": "United States"
         }'

Create a new role for read-only access to the countries index

curl -s -u elastic:password \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -X PUT "localhost:9200/_security/role/read_only_countries" \
     -d '{
           "indices": [
             {
               "names": ["countries"],
               "privileges": ["read"]
             }
           ]
         }'

Expected output:

{"role":{"created":true}}

Create a new user with read-only access to the countries index:

curl -s -u elastic:password \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -X POST "localhost:9200/_security/user/daniel" \
  -d '
    {
      "password": "myPassword",
      "roles": ["read_only_countries"]
    }'

Expected output:

{"created" : true}

Important! To update a user, replace the POST method with PUT.

Get user data

curl -s -u elastic:password -X GET "localhost:9200/_security/user/daniel?pretty"

Expected output:

{
  "daniel" : {
    "username" : "daniel",
    "roles" : [
      "read_only_countries"
    ],
    ...
  }
}

List all users

curl -s -u elastic:password -X GET "localhost:9200/_security/user?pretty"

Expected output:

JSON containing data of all users.

Listing countries with new user credentials

curl -s -u daniel:myPassword -X GET localhost:9200/countries/_search?pretty

Expected output:

JSON containing countries!

Trying insert a new country with new user credentials:

curl -s -u daniel:MyPassword \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -X POST "localhost:9200/countries/_doc?pretty" \
     -d '{
           "iso_code": "PT",
           "country_name": "Portugal"
         }'

Expected output:

JSON with error information (security_exception)

Deleting an user

curl -s -u elastic:password -X DELETE "localhost:9200/_security/user/daniel"

Expected output:

{"found":true}

Deleting a role

curl -s -u elastic:password -X DELETE "localhost:9200/_security/role/read_only_countries"

Expected output:

{"found":true}

Resetting password via command line script

  • Access the bin subdirectory of your elasticsearch installation.
  • Run elasticsearch-reset-password script:
    • elasticsearch-reset-password <options> --username <username>
  • Examples:
    • Reset the password for the elastic user to an automatically generated password:
      • elasticsearch-reset-password -a --username elastic
    • Reset the password for the elastic user to a specified password:
      • elasticsearch-reset-password -i --username elastic

More information about Elasticsearch security

For more information about Elasticsearch security, clique here!

More queries

Filtering results with filter_path parameter and _source

Returns only _id and some _source fields

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/countries/_search?pretty&filter_path=hits.hits._id,hits.hits._source" \
     -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
     -d '{
        "_source": ["name", "currency"]
      }'

Searching with SQL in Elasticsearch

Single SQL query

curl -s \
     -X POST "localhost:9200/_sql?format=csv" \
     -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
     -d '{"query":"SELECT iso2, name, longitude FROM countries ORDER BY latitude LIMIT 5"}'
Expected output:
iso2,name,longitude
AQ,Antarctica,4.48
GS,South Georgia,-37.0
BV,Bouvet Island,3.4
HM,Heard Island and McDonald Islands,72.51666666
FK,Falkland Islands,-59.0

SQL query with parameters, JSON output format, no headers

curl -s -X POST "localhost:9200/_sql?format=json&filter_path=rows&pretty" \
     -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
     -d '{
        "query":"SELECT name FROM countries WHERE currency = ?",
        "params":["USD"]
      }'
Expected output:
{
  "rows" : [
    [
      "American Samoa"
    ],
    [
      "Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba"
    ],
    ...
  ]
}

Counting all countries

curl -s -X GET "localhost:9200/countries/_count"

Expected result:

{"count":250,"_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"skipped":0,"failed":0}}

Counting countries with USD currency

curl -s -X POST "localhost:9200/countries/_count" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -d '{
        "query": {
            "term": {
                "currency": "USD"
            }
        }
     }'

Expected result:

{"count":17,"_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"skipped":0,"failed":0}}

All statistics about a field

curl -s -X GET "localhost:9200/countries/_search?filter_path=aggregations.latitude_stats&pretty" \
     -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
     -d '{
        "aggs": {
          "latitude_stats": {
            "extended_stats": {
              "field": "latitude"
            }
          }
        },
        "size":0
      }'

Expected output:

{
  "aggregations" : {
    "latitude_stats" : {
      "count" : 250,
      "min" : -74.65,
      "max" : 78.0,
      "avg" : 16.40259736452,
      "sum" : 4100.64934113,
      "sum_of_squares" : 245532.3413868999,
      "variance" : 713.0841652450413,
      "variance_population" : 713.0841652450413,
      "variance_sampling" : 715.9479570733346,
      "std_deviation" : 26.70363580572955,
      "std_deviation_population" : 26.70363580572955,
      "std_deviation_sampling" : 26.75720383510457,
      "std_deviation_bounds" : {
        "upper" : 69.8098689759791,
        "lower" : -37.0046742469391,
        "upper_population" : 69.8098689759791,
        "lower_population" : -37.0046742469391,
        "upper_sampling" : 69.91700503472913,
        "lower_sampling" : -37.11181030568914
      }
    }
  }
}

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Elasticsearch Study

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