[native_toolchain_c] Support ld.ldd as linker on Linux

[dcharkes]

Closes: #1460

• Allows any kind of gnu-like linker. (We use Clangs' ld.lld instead of the GCC linker on the Dart SDK CI)
• Passes the PIC/PIE flags as expected to the linker
  • -f means forward to linker, but if we invoke linker directly, we don't need that.
  • only PIE makes sense, PIC only has an effect on the compilation as far as I understand (not on linking).

Testing:

• We don't have ld.ldd on the GitHub CI, so we can't run a unit test here.
  • If we'd do mocking of process and file system, we could have an invocation expectation: [native_assets_builder] Use ProcessManager and FileSystem #90
  • We run the test on the Dart CI failing invocation -> succeeding linking, failing on a readelf
  • Tested locally with ld.lld by patching pkgs/native_toolchain_c/lib/src/cbuilder/compiler_resolver.dart to prefer lld over x86_64LinuxGnuLd.

[github-actions]

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pkgs/ffigen/example/libclang-example/generated_bindings.dart
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pkgs/ffigen/example/simple/generated_bindings.dart
pkgs/ffigen/lib/src/header_parser/clang_bindings/clang_bindings.dart
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pkgs/jni/lib/src/third_party/global_env_extensions.dart
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pkgs/jnigen/android_test_runner/lib/main.dart
pkgs/jnigen/example/in_app_java/lib/android_utils.dart
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Package	Version	Status
package:ffi	2.1.3	already published at pub.dev
package:ffigen	14.0.0-wip	WIP (no publish necessary)
package:jni	0.11.0-wip	WIP (no publish necessary)
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[dcharkes]

@blaugold You added PIC/PIE earlier (#121). Could you please sanity check this PR?

[coveralls]

coverage: 92.791% (-0.05%) from 92.84%
when pulling 47f6717 on ldd
into e4f1152 on main.

[blaugold]

LGTM!

only PIE makes sense, PIC only has an effect on the compilation as far as I understand (not on linking).

-fPIC, -fpic, -fPIE and -fpie are all code-gen options. -fPIC and -fpic interestingly do something slightly different, while -fPIE and -fpie are aliases of each other. 🤓 Only -pie is a linker option, though linking is usually the step that fails when code has to be generated with PIC so that a shared library can be produced.

This PR passes --pie and --no-pie but I have only ever seen -pie and -no-pie, but maybe it is not significant.