Embryo PDO

A quick and light PHP query builder using PDO.

$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('country', 'Italy')
    ->and('city', 'Naples')
    ->and(function($query) {
        $query
            ->where('age', 20)
            ->or('age', 30)
    })
    ->andIsNotNull('updated_at')
    ->andIn('roles', [1, 2, 3])
    ->get();

Requirements

• PHP >= 7.1

Installation

Using Composer:

$ composer require davidecesarano/embryo-pdo

Usage

• Connection
• Retrieving results
  • Retrieving a single row
  • Forcing array
  • Aggregates
• Where conditions
  • Simple Where
  • OR condition
  • AND/OR closure
  • BETWEEN condition
  • IN condition
  • IS NULL condition
  • Raw Where
  • Method Aliases
• Joins
• Insert
• Update
• Delete
• Ordering, grouping, limit and offset
• Raw Query
• Pagination
• Security
• Debugging

Connection

Create a multidimensional array with database parameters and pass it at the Database object. Later, create connection with connection method.

$database = [
    'local' => [
        'engine'   => 'mysql',
        'host'     => '127.0.0.1',
        'name'     => 'db_name',
        'user'     => 'user',  
        'password' => 'password',
        'charset'  => 'utf8mb4',
        'options'  => [
            \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
        ]
    ]
];

$database = new Embryo\PDO\Database($database);
$pdo = $database->connection('local');

Retrieving results

You can create a simple query:

$users = $pdo->table('users')->get();

The table method returns a fluent query builder instance for the given table. This would build the query below:

SELECT * FROM users

To get data from the select, we can is loop through the returned array of objects:

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo $user->name;
}

Retrieving a single row

If you just need to retrieve a single row from the database table, you may use the same (get) method.

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('id', 1)
    ->get();

echo $user->name;

If you don't even need an entire row, you may extract one or more values from a record using the select method.

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->select('name, surname')
    ->where('id', 1)
    ->get();

echo "Hi, i am $user->name $user->surname";

Forcing array

If you want to force return array of objects, you can use all method

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('id', 1)
    ->all();

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo $user->name;
}

Aggregates

The query builder also provides a variety of aggregate methods such as count, max, min, avg, and sum.

$avg = $pdo->table('orders')->avg('price');
echo $avg;

Where conditions

Simple Where

You may use the where method to add where clauses to the query. The most basic call to where requires three arguments. The first argument is the name of the column. The second argument is an operator, which can be any of the database's supported operators. Finally, the third argument is the value to evaluate against the column.

$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('id', '>', 1)
    ->get();

For convenience, if you want to verify that a column is equal to a given value, you may pass the value directly as the second argument to the where method:

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('id', 1)
    ->get();

You may use a variety of other operators when writing a where clause:

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('country', 'Italy')
    ->and('name', 'LIKE', 'David%')
    ->get();

OR condition

You may chain where constraints together as well as add "or" clauses to the query.

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('country', 'Italy')
    ->or('country', 'Spain')
    ->get();

AND/OR closure

If you need to group an "or" or "and" condition within parentheses, you may pass a Closure as the first argument to the method:

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('country', 'Italy')
    ->and(function($query){
        $query
            ->where('country', 'Spain')
            ->or('country', 'France')
    })
    ->get();

This would build the query below:

SELECT * 
FROM users
WHERE country = 'Italy'
AND (
    country = 'Spain'
    OR country = 'France'
)

BETWEEN condition

The whereBetween / whereNotBetween method verifies that a column's value is between / not between two values:

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->whereBetween('age', [20, 30])
    ->get();

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->whereNotBetween('age', [20, 30])
    ->get();

IN condition

The whereIn / whereNotIn method verifies that a given column's value is contained / not contained within the given array:

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->whereIn('age', [20, 30])
    ->get();

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->whereNotIn('age', [20, 30])
    ->get();

IS NULL condition

The whereNull / whereNotNull method verifies that the value of the given column is NULL / not NULL:

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->whereNull('updated_at')
    ->get();

$user = $pdo->table('users')
    ->whereNotNull('updated_at')
    ->get()

Raw Where

The rawWhere method can be used to inject a raw where condition into your query. This method accept an array of bindings argument.

$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->rawWhere('WHERE age = :age AND role = :role', [
        'age' => 20,
        'role' => 1
    ])
    ->get();

Method aliases

Below is a table with all the methods of the where conditions and their aliases.

Method	Alias
where()	and() andWhere()
orWhere()	or()
whereBetween()	andBetween() andWhereBetween()
orWhereBetween()	orBetween()
whereNotBetween()	andNotBetween() andWhereNotBetween()
orWhereNotBetween()	orNotBetween()
whereIn()	andIn() andWhereIn()
orWhereIn()	orIn()
whereNotIn()	andNotIn() andWhereNotIn()
orWhereNotIn()	orNotIn()
whereNull()	andNull() andWhereNull() whereIsNull() andIsNull() andWhereIsNull()
orWhereNull()	orNull() orWhereIsNull() orIsNull()
whereNotNull()	andNotNull() andWhereNotNull() whereIsNotNull() andIsNotNull() andWhereIsNotNull()
orWhereNotNull()	orNotNull() orWhereIsNotNull() orIsNotNull()

Joins

The query builder may also be used to write simple join statements with leftJoin, rightJoin, crossJoin, innerJoin or rawJoin methods:

// left join
$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->leftJoin('roles ON roles.id = users.role_id')
    ->select('users.*', 'roles.name')
    ->get();

// right join
$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->rightJoin('roles ON roles.id = users.role_id')
    ->select('users.*', 'roles.name')
    ->get();

// cross join
$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->crossJoin('roles ON roles.id = users.role_id')
    ->select('users.*', 'roles.name')
    ->get();

// inner join
$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->innerJoin('roles ON roles.id = users.role_id')
    ->select('users.*', 'roles.name')
    ->get();

// raw join
$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->rawJoin('LEFT JOIN roles ON roles.id = users.role_id')
    ->select('users.*', 'roles.name')
    ->get();

Insert

You can insert row/s in database with insert method.

$lastInsertedId = $pdo->table('users')
    ->insert([
        'name' => 'Name', 
        'surname' => 'Surname'
    ])
    ->lastId();

This will return the last inserted id. The insert method also accepts the exec() method and it will return true on success or false on failure.

Update

You can update row/s with update method.

$update = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('id', 1)
    ->update([
        'name' => 'Name', 
        'surname' => 'Surname'
    ])
    ->exec();

// $update return TRUE or FALSE

Delete

You can delete row/s with delete method.

$delete = $pdo->table('users')
    ->where('id', 1)
    ->delete()
    ->exec();

// $delete return TRUE or FALSE

Ordering, grouping, limit and offset

You may use the groupBy method to group the query results.

$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->groupBy('role')
    ->get();

The orderBy method allows you to sort the result of the query by a given column:

$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->orderBy('id DESC')
    ->get();

You may use the limit method to limit the number of results returned from the query:

$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->limit('0,10')
    ->get();

To skip a given number of results in the query, you may use the limit and offset methods:

$users = $pdo->table('users')
    ->limit('10')
    ->offset(5)
    ->get();

Raw Query

Sometimes you may need to use a raw expression in a query. To create a raw expression, you may use the query method:

$users = $pdo->query("
    SELECT
        users.*,
        roles.name
    FROM users
    LEFT JOIN roles ON roles.id = users.role_id
    WHERE users.city = :city
    ORDER BY users.id DESC
")->values([
    'city' => 'Naples'
])->get();

The values method binds a value to a parameter. Binds a value to a corresponding named placeholder in the SQL statement that was used to prepare the statement.

Pagination

Pagination means displaying all your fetched results in multiple pages instead of showing them all on one page. To change the page number use page query param in URI (http://example.com/?page=1).

$perPage = 15;
$users = $pdo->table("users")->paginate($perPage);

We will have this result:

{
   "total": 50,
   "per_page": 15,
   "current_page": 1,
   "last_page": 4,
   "first_page": 1,
   "next_page": 2,
   "prev_page": null,
   "from": 1,
   "to": 15,
   "data":[
        {
            // Record...
        },
        {
            // Record...
        }
   ]
}

If you want retrieve specific fields from records you may use:

$perPage = 15;
$users = $pdo->table("users")->select('id, first_name, last_name')->paginate($perPage);

Security

Embryo PDO uses PDO parameter binding to protect your application against SQL injection attacks. There is no need to clean strings being passed as bindings.

Debugging

You may use the debug method for for to dumps the information contained by a prepared statement directly on the output.

    $fruits = $pdo->table('fruit')
        ->where('calories', '<', 30)
        ->and('colour', 'red')
        ->select('name', 'colour', 'calories')
        ->debug()

This would build the output below:

SQL: [96] SELECT name, colour, calories
    FROM fruit
    WHERE calories < :calories AND colour = :colour
Params:  2
Key: Name: [9] :calories
paramno=-1
name=[9] ":calories"
is_param=1
param_type=1
Key: Name: [7] :colour
paramno=-1
name=[7] ":colour"
is_param=1
param_type=2

If you want only to show query, you may print object:

echo $pdo->table('fruit')
    ->select('name', 'colour', 'calories')
    ->where('calories', '<', 30)
    ->and('colour', 'red')
    ->print();

This would build the output below:

SELECT name, colour, calories
FROM fruit
WHERE calories < :calories AND colour = :colour