docs: dashboard (#814)

Closes #708 

BREAKING CHANGE: Changed `activeItemIdx` to `active_item_index` in
`stack.py`

plugins/ui/docs/components/dashboard.md

@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+# Dashboard
+
+Dashboards allow you to create a page layout containing a collection of components. The user can move and resize panels within the dashboard.
+
+## Example
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+my_dash = ui.dashboard(ui.row(ui.panel("A")))
+```
+
+## Rules
+
+1. Dashboards must be a child of the root script and not nested inside a `@ui.component`. Otherwise, the application cannot correctly determine the type of the component.
+2. Dashboards must have one and only one child, typically a row or column.
+3. Height and width of panels are summed to 100% within a row or column.
+
+## Key Components
+
+Four main children make up a dashboard: row, column, stack, and panels.
+
+- **Row**: A container used to group elements horizontally. Each element is placed to the right of the previous one.
+- **Column**: A container used to group elements vertically. Each element is placed below the previous one.
+- **Stack**: A container used to group elements into a stack of tabs. Each element gets its own tab, with only one element visible at a time.
+- **Panel**: A container used to group and label elements.
+
+## Layout Hierarchy
+
+### Top-Level
+
+Your dashboard must start with a row or column, which is the "top" of the layout tree. Columns should go inside rows and rows should go inside columns
+
+Note: Nesting rows within rows or columns within columns will sub-divide the row or column.
+
+### Bottom-Level
+
+Stacks and panels are considered the "bottom" of the layout tree. Once added, the layout in that section is considered complete. You can't further nest stacks within panels. For layouts within a panel, see [`tabs`](./tabs.md), [`flex`](./flex.md), and [`grid`](./grid.md).
+
+## Automatic Wrapping
+
+Children are implicitly wrapped when necessary, so the entire layout does not need to be explicitly defined.
+
+End to end example: `dashboard([t1, t2])` would become `dashboard(column(stack(panel(t1)), stack(panel(t2))))`.
+
+Automatic wrapping is applied by the following rules:
+
+1. Dashboard: wrap in row/column if no single node is the default (e.g., `[t1, t2]` as the child to the dashboard would become `row(t1, t2)`).
+2. Row/Column:
+   - If there are children that are rows/columns, wrap the non-wrapped children with the same element (e.g., `row(col(t1), t2)` becomes `row(col(t1), col(t2))`).
+   - If none of the children are wrapped by rows/columns, they are wrapped in stacks (e.g., `row(col(t1), col(t2))` from above becomes `row(col(stack(t1)), col(stack(t2)))`).
+3. Stacks: wrap non-panel children in panels (e.g., `row(col(stack(t1)), col(stack(t2)))` becomes `row(col(stack(panel(t1))), col(stack(panel(t2))))`).
+
+## Varying dimensions
+
+Rows can have a specified height, while columns can have a specified width.
+
+Stacks directly within a column can have a height or a width if they are within a row. Setting the other dimension will be ignored.
+
+### Varying row heights
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_row_heights = ui.dashboard(
+    [
+        ui.row(ui.stack(ui.panel("A", title="A")), ui.panel("B", title="B"), height=70),
+        ui.row(ui.stack(ui.panel("C", title="C")), ui.panel("D", title="D")),
+    ]
+)
+```
+
+### Varying column widths
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_column_widths = ui.dashboard(
+    [
+        ui.column(
+            ui.stack(ui.panel("A", title="A")), ui.panel("C", title="C"), width=70
+        ),
+        ui.column(ui.stack(ui.panel("B", title="B")), ui.panel("D", title="D")),
+    ]
+)
+```
+
+### Varying stack widths
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_stack_widths = ui.dashboard(
+    ui.row(ui.stack(ui.panel("A", title="A"), width=70), ui.panel("B", title="B"))
+)
+```
+
+### Varying stack heights
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_stack_heights = ui.dashboard(
+    ui.column(ui.stack(ui.panel("A", title="A"), height=70), ui.panel("B", title="B"))
+)
+```
+
+## Layout Examples
+
+### Row split (2x1)
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_2x1 = ui.dashboard(ui.row(ui.panel("A", title="A"), ui.panel("B", title="B")))
+```
+
+### Column split (1x2)
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_1x2 = ui.dashboard(ui.column(ui.panel("A", title="A"), ui.panel("B", title="B")))
+```
+
+### 2x2
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_2x2 = ui.dashboard(
+    ui.row(
+        ui.column(ui.panel("A", title="A"), ui.panel("C", title="C")),
+        ui.column(ui.panel("B", title="B"), ui.panel("D", title="D")),
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### 3x1
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_3x1 = ui.dashboard(
+    ui.row(ui.panel("A", title="A"), ui.panel("B", title="B"), ui.panel("C", title="C"))
+)
+```
+
+### Basic stack
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_stack = ui.dashboard(
+    ui.stack(
+        ui.panel("A", title="A"), ui.panel("B", title="B"), ui.panel("C", title="C")
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### Stack in a layout
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_layout_stack = ui.dashboard(
+    ui.row(
+        ui.stack(
+            ui.panel("A", title="A"), ui.panel("B", title="B"), ui.panel("C", title="C")
+        ),
+        ui.panel("D", title="D"),
+        ui.panel("E", title="E"),
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### Holy Grail
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+dash_holy_grail = ui.dashboard(
+    ui.column(
+        ui.panel("Header", title="Header"),
+        ui.row(
+            ui.panel("Left Sidebar", title="Left Sidebar"),
+            ui.stack(ui.panel("Main Content", title="Main Content"), width=70),
+            ui.panel("Right Sidebar", title="Right Sidebar"),
+        ),
+        ui.panel("Footer", title="Footer"),
+    )
+)
+```
+
+## Stateful Example
+
+By hoisting state management to the dashboard component, interacting and sharing data between the child components is much easier to maintain and debug.
+
+### Simple
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui
+
+
+@ui.component
+def layout():
+    message, set_message = ui.use_state("Hello world!")
+
+    return ui.row(
+        ui.panel(ui.text_field(value=message, on_change=set_message, width="100%")),
+        ui.panel(message),
+    )
+
+
+dash_simple_state = ui.dashboard(layout())
+```
+
+### Complex
+
+```python
+from deephaven import ui, time_table
+from deephaven.ui import use_memo, use_state
+from deephaven.plot.figure import Figure
+
+
+def use_wave_input():
+    """
+    Demonstrating a custom hook.
+    Creates an input panel that controls the amplitude, frequency, and phase for a wave
+    """
+    amplitude, set_amplitude = use_state(1.0)
+    frequency, set_frequency = use_state(1.0)
+    phase, set_phase = use_state(1.0)
+
+    input_panel = ui.flex(
+        ui.slider(
+            label="Amplitude",
+            default_value=amplitude,
+            min_value=-100.0,
+            max_value=100.0,
+            on_change=set_amplitude,
+            step=0.1,
+        ),
+        ui.slider(
+            label="Frequency",
+            default_value=frequency,
+            min_value=-100.0,
+            max_value=100.0,
+            on_change=set_frequency,
+            step=0.1,
+        ),
+        ui.slider(
+            label="Phase",
+            default_value=phase,
+            min_value=-100.0,
+            max_value=100.0,
+            on_change=set_phase,
+            step=0.1,
+        ),
+        direction="column",
+    )
+
+    return amplitude, frequency, phase, input_panel
+
+
+@ui.component
+def multiwave():
+    amplitude, frequency, phase, wave_input = use_wave_input()
+
+    tt = use_memo(lambda: time_table("PT1s").update("x=i"), [])
+    t = use_memo(
+        lambda: tt.update(
+            [
+                f"y_sin={amplitude}*Math.sin({frequency}*x+{phase})",
+                f"y_cos={amplitude}*Math.cos({frequency}*x+{phase})",
+                f"y_tan={amplitude}*Math.tan({frequency}*x+{phase})",
+            ]
+        ),
+        [amplitude, frequency, phase],
+    )
+    p_sin = use_memo(
+        lambda: Figure().plot_xy(series_name="Sine", t=t, x="x", y="y_sin").show(), [t]
+    )
+    p_cos = use_memo(
+        lambda: Figure().plot_xy(series_name="Cosine", t=t, x="x", y="y_cos").show(),
+        [t],
+    )
+    p_tan = use_memo(
+        lambda: Figure().plot_xy(series_name="Tangent", t=t, x="x", y="y_tan").show(),
+        [t],
+    )
+
+    return ui.column(
+        ui.row(
+            ui.stack(
+                ui.panel(wave_input, title="Wave Input"),
+                ui.panel(t, title="Wave Table"),
+                active_item_index=0,
+            ),
+            height=25,
+        ),
+        ui.row(
+            ui.stack(ui.panel(p_sin, title="Sine"), width=50),
+            ui.stack(ui.panel(p_cos, title="Cosine"), width=30),
+            ui.stack(ui.panel(p_tan, title="Tangent")),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+dash_complex_state = ui.dashboard(multiwave())
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+```{eval-rst}
+.. dhautofunction:: deephaven.ui.dashboard
+```
+
+### Row API Reference
+
+```{eval-rst}
+.. dhautofunction:: deephaven.ui.row
+```
+
+### Column API Reference
+
+```{eval-rst}
+.. dhautofunction:: deephaven.ui.column
+```
+
+### Stack API Reference
+
+```{eval-rst}
+.. dhautofunction:: deephaven.ui.stack
+```

plugins/ui/src/deephaven/ui/components/column.py

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
 
 from typing import Any
 from .basic import component_element
+from ..elements import Element
 
 
-def column(*children: Any, width: float | None = None, key: str | None = None):
+def column(
+    *children: Any, width: float | None = None, key: str | None = None
+) -> Element:
     """
     A column is a container that can be used to group elements.
     Each element will be placed below its prior sibling.
@@ -13,5 +16,8 @@ def column(*children: Any, width: float | None = None, key: str | None = None):
         children: Elements to render in the column.
         width: The percent width of the column relative to other children of its parent. If not provided, the column will be sized automatically.
         key: A unique identifier used by React to render elements in a list.
+
+    Returns:
+        The rendered column element.
     """
     return component_element("Column", *children, width=width, key=key)

plugins/ui/src/deephaven/ui/components/dashboard.py

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@
 from ..elements import DashboardElement, FunctionElement
 
 
-def dashboard(element: FunctionElement):
+def dashboard(element: FunctionElement) -> DashboardElement:
     """
     A dashboard is the container for an entire layout.
 
     Args:
         element: Element to render as the dashboard.
                  The element should render a layout that contains 1 root column or row.
+
+    Returns:
+        The rendered dashboard.
     """
     return DashboardElement(element)