docker: add option to install gcc 14 #7500

Job	Run time
pytest-ubuntu-py311-gcc11-noomp-base	18m 6s
pytest-ubuntu-py311-gcc11-noomp-adjoint	18m 3s
pytest-ubuntu-py312-gcc12-omp-base	18m 5s
pytest-ubuntu-py312-gcc12-omp-adjoint	18m 2s
pytest-ubuntu-py39-gcc7-omp-base	18m 5s
pytest-ubuntu-py39-gcc7-omp-adjoint	18m 1s
pytest-ubuntu-py310-gcc10-noomp-base	18m 7s
pytest-ubuntu-py310-gcc10-noomp-adjoint	18m 6s
pytest-ubuntu-py312-gcc13-omp-base	18m 5s
pytest-ubuntu-py312-gcc13-omp-adjoint	18m 2s
pytest-ubuntu-py39-gcc9-omp-base	18m 4s
pytest-ubuntu-py39-gcc9-omp-adjoint	18m 6s
pytest-osx-py312-clang-omp-base	18m 7s
pytest-docker-py39-gcc-omp-base	26s
pytest-docker-py39-gcc-omp-adjoint	25s
pytest-docker-py39-icx-omp-base	52s
pytest-docker-py39-icx-omp-adjoint	51s
	3h 57m 33s

Provide feedback