docker: add option to install gcc 14 #7504

Job	Run time
pytest-ubuntu-py311-gcc11-noomp-base	53m 4s
pytest-ubuntu-py311-gcc11-noomp-adjoint	39m 40s
pytest-ubuntu-py312-gcc12-omp-base	1h 10m 8s
pytest-ubuntu-py312-gcc12-omp-adjoint	49m 53s
pytest-ubuntu-py39-gcc7-omp-base	53m 53s
pytest-ubuntu-py39-gcc7-omp-adjoint	40m 6s
pytest-ubuntu-py310-gcc10-noomp-base	52m 33s
pytest-ubuntu-py310-gcc10-noomp-adjoint	38m 51s
pytest-ubuntu-py312-gcc13-omp-base	1h 9m 42s
pytest-ubuntu-py312-gcc13-omp-adjoint	49m 42s
pytest-ubuntu-py39-gcc9-omp-base	54m 14s
pytest-ubuntu-py39-gcc9-omp-adjoint	39m 36s
pytest-osx-py312-clang-omp-base	35m 30s
pytest-docker-py39-gcc-omp-base	51m 59s
pytest-docker-py39-gcc-omp-adjoint	39m 10s
pytest-docker-py39-icx-omp-base	46m 37s
pytest-docker-py39-icx-omp-adjoint	41m 51s
	13h 46m 29s

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