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The patch removes left-over references to Quantity as a univeral constructor, a
role that has been taken over by the parse function.
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gertjanvanzwieten committed Oct 14, 2022
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54 changes: 25 additions & 29 deletions README.md
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Expand Up @@ -24,16 +24,15 @@ components of the Nutils suite, from where it should be imortable as `SI`:
## Usage

The SI module defines all base units and derived units of the International
System of Units (SI) are predefined, as well as the full set of metric
prefixes. Dimensional values are generated primarily by instantiating the
Quantity type with a string value.
System of Units (SI) plus an Angle dimension, as well as the full set of metric
prefixes. Dimensional values are generated primarily by parsing a string value.

>>> v = SI.parse('7μN*5h/6g')

The Quantity constructor recognizes the multiplication (\*) and division (/)
operators to separate factors. Every factor can be prefixed with a scale and
suffixed with a power. The remainder must be either a unit, or else a unit with
a metric prefix.
The parser recognizes the multiplication (\*) and division (/) operators to
separate factors. Every factor can be prefixed with a scale and suffixed with a
power. The remainder must be either a unit, or else a unit with a metric
prefix.

In this example, the resulting object is of type "L/T", i.e. length over time,
which is a subtype of Quantity that stores the powers L=1 and T=-1. Many
Expand All @@ -43,9 +42,9 @@ through manipulation.
>>> type(v) == SI.Velocity == SI.Length / SI.Time
True

While Quantity can instantiate any subtype, we could have created the same
object by instantiating Velocity directly, which has the advantage of verifying
that the specified quantity is indeed of the desired dimension.
While `parse` can instantiate any subtype of Quantity, we could have created
the same object by instantiating Velocity directly, which has the advantage of
verifying that the specified quantity is indeed of the desired dimension.

>>> w = SI.Velocity('8km')
Traceback (most recent call last):
Expand All @@ -56,16 +55,17 @@ Explicit subtypes can also be used in function annotations:

>>> def f(size: SI.Length, load: SI.Force): pass

The Quantity type acts as an opaque container. As long as a quantity has a
The Quantity types act as an opaque container. As long as a quantity has a
physical dimension, its value is inaccessible. The value can only be retrieved
by dividing out a reference quantity, so that the result becomes dimensionless
and the Quantity wrapper falls away.

>>> v / SI.parse('m/s')
21.0

To simplify this fairly common situation, any operation involving a Quantity
and a string is handled by parsing the latter automatically.
To simplify the fairly common situation that the reference quantity is a unit
or another parsed value, any operation involving a Quantity and a string is
handled by parsing the latter automatically.

>>> v / 'm/s'
21.0
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -101,36 +101,32 @@ In case the predefined set of dimensions and units are insufficient, both can
be extended. For instance, though it is not part of the official SI system, it
might be desirable to add an angular dimension. This is done by creating a new
Dimension instance, using a symbol that avoids the existing symbols T, L, M, I,
Θ, N and J:
Θ, N, J and A:

>>> Angle = SI.Dimension.create('Φ')
>>> Xonon = SI.Dimension.create('X')

At this point, the dimension is not very useful yet as it lacks units. To
rectify this we define the radian by its abbreviation 'rad' in terms of the
provided reference quantity, and assign it to the global table of units:
rectify this we define the unit yam as being internally represented by a unit
value:

>>> SI.units.rad = Angle.reference_quantity
>>> SI.units.yam = Xonon.reference_quantity

Additional units can be defined by relating them to pre-existing ones:
Additional units can be defined by relating them to pre-existing ones. Here we
define the unit zop as the equal of 15 kilo-yam:

>>> import math
>>> SI.units.deg = math.pi / 180 * SI.units.rad
>>> SI.units.zop = 15 * SI.units.kyam

Alternatively, units can be defined using the same string syntax that is used
by the Quantity constructor. Nevertheless, the following statement fails as we
cannot define the same unit twice.

>>> SI.units.deg = '0.017453292519943295rad'
>>> SI.units.zop = '15kyam'
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: cannot define 'deg': unit is already defined
ValueError: cannot define 'zop': unit is already defined

Having defined the new units we can directly use them:

>>> angle = SI.parse('30deg')

Any function that accepts angular values will expect to receive them in a
specific unit. The new Angle dimension makes this unit explicit:

>>> math.sin(angle / SI.units.rad)
0.49999999999999994
>>> SI.parse('24mzop/h')
0.1[X/T]

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