Add trail function (#11265)

Summary:
Pull Request resolved: #11265

Add trail function as per specs here: https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/string.html#trail-string-N-varchar

We return the last N characters of the string up to at most the length of the input string.

Reviewed By: amitkdutta

Differential Revision: D64379575

fbshipit-source-id: dc0e766e54550b7b81bb72fad7ea25c3e3e77e36

velox/docs/functions/presto/string.rst

@@ -214,6 +214,10 @@ String Functions
 
         SELECT strrpos('aaa', 'aa', 2); -- 1
 
+.. function:: trail(string, N) -> varchar
+
+    Returns the last ``N`` characters of the input ``string`` up to at most the length of ``string``.
+
 .. function:: substr(string, start) -> varchar
 
     Returns the rest of ``string`` from the starting position ``start``.

velox/functions/prestosql/StringFunctions.h

@@ -47,6 +47,60 @@ struct CodePointFunction {
   }
 };
 
+/// trail(string, N) -> varchar
+///
+///     Returns the last N characters of the input string.
+template <typename T>
+struct TrailFunction {
+  VELOX_DEFINE_FUNCTION_TYPES(T);
+
+  // Results refer to strings in the first argument.
+  static constexpr int32_t reuse_strings_from_arg = 0;
+
+  // ASCII input always produces ASCII result.
+  static constexpr bool is_default_ascii_behavior = true;
+
+  template <typename I>
+  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE void callNullFree(
+      out_type<Varchar>& result,
+      const null_free_arg_type<Varchar>& input,
+      I N) {
+    doCall<false>(result, input, N);
+  }
+
+  template <typename I>
+  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE void
+  callAscii(out_type<Varchar>& result, const arg_type<Varchar>& input, I N) {
+    doCall<true>(result, input, N);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <bool isAscii, typename I>
+  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE void
+  doCall(out_type<Varchar>& result, const arg_type<Varchar>& input, I N) {
+    if (N <= 0) {
+      result.setEmpty();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    I numCharacters = stringImpl::length<isAscii>(input);
+
+    // Get the start position of the last N characters
+    // If N is greater than the number of characters, start at 1/
+    I start = N > numCharacters ? 1 : numCharacters - N + 1;
+
+    // Adjust length
+    I adjustedLength = std::min(N, numCharacters);
+
+    auto byteRange = stringCore::getByteRange<isAscii>(
+        input.data(), input.size(), start, adjustedLength);
+
+    // Generating output string
+    result.setNoCopy(StringView(
+        input.data() + byteRange.first, byteRange.second - byteRange.first));
+  }
+};
+
 /// substr(string, start) -> varchar
 ///
 ///     Returns the rest of string from the starting position start.

velox/functions/prestosql/registration/StringFunctionsRegistration.cpp

@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ void registerSimpleFunctions(const std::string& prefix) {
   registerFunction<EndsWithFunction, bool, Varchar, Varchar>(
       {prefix + "ends_with"});
 
+  registerFunction<TrailFunction, Varchar, Varchar, int64_t>(
+      {prefix + "trail"});
+
   registerFunction<SubstrFunction, Varchar, Varchar, int64_t>(
       {prefix + "substr"});
   registerFunction<SubstrFunction, Varchar, Varchar, int64_t, int64_t>(

velox/functions/prestosql/tests/StringFunctionsTest.cpp

@@ -2164,3 +2164,19 @@ TEST_F(StringFunctionsTest, normalize) {
       normalizeWithForm("sch\u00f6n", "NFKE"),
       "Normalization form must be one of [NFD, NFC, NFKD, NFKC]");
 }
+
+TEST_F(StringFunctionsTest, trail) {
+  auto trail = [&](std::optional<std::string> string,
+                   std::optional<int64_t> N) {
+    return evaluateOnce<std::string>("trail(c0, c1)", string, N);
+  };
+
+  // Basic Test
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", trail("foobar", 3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foobar", trail("foobar", 7));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", trail("foobar", 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", trail("foobar", -1));
+
+  // Test empty
+  EXPECT_EQ("", trail("", 3));
+}