Fix CAST(JSON as ROW(ARRAY)) (#9447)

Summary:

CAST(JSON as ROW(ARRAY()) used to fail with

```
OUT_OF_ORDER_ITERATION: Objects and arrays can only be iterated when they are first encountered.
```

According to simdjson documentation, https://github.com/simdjson/simdjson/blob/master/doc/basics.md, it is not allowed to store object values for later processing. These must be consumed or copied before proceeding.

Also, fixed behavior when JSON object contains duplicate keys. Presto throws, but previous implementation used to allow duplicates.

Also, fix the test to actually verify JSON objects with mixed case keys.

Reviewed By: Yuhta

Differential Revision: D56013293

velox/functions/prestosql/tests/JsonCastTest.cpp

@@ -1033,6 +1033,52 @@ TEST_F(JsonCastTest, orderOfKeys) {
   testCast(data, map);
 }
 
+TEST_F(JsonCastTest, toRowOfArray) {
+  auto data = makeFlatVector<std::string>(
+      {
+          R"({"c0": [1, 2, 3], "c1": 1.2})",
+          R"({"c0": [], "c1": 1.3})",
+          R"({"c0": [10, null, 20, null], "c1": 1.4})",
+      },
+      JSON());
+
+  auto expected = makeRowVector({
+      makeArrayVectorFromJson<int64_t>({
+          "[1, 2, 3]",
+          "[]",
+          "[10, null, 20, null]",
+      }),
+  });
+
+  testCast(data, expected);
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonCastTest, toRowDuplicateKey) {
+  std::vector<std::optional<std::string>> jsonStrings = {
+      R"({"c0": 1, "c1": 1.1})",
+      R"({"c0": 2, "c1": 1.2, "C0": 45})", // Duplicate keys: c0, C0.
+      R"({"c0": 3, "c1": 1.3, "c0": 55})", // Duplicate keys: c0, c0.
+      R"({"c0": 4, "c1": 1.4, "c2": 65})",
+  };
+
+  testThrow<std::string>(
+      JSON(),
+      ROW({"c0", "c1"}, {INTEGER(), REAL()}),
+      jsonStrings,
+      "Duplicate field: c0");
+
+  auto data = makeNullableFlatVector<std::string>(jsonStrings, JSON());
+
+  auto expected = makeRowVector({
+      makeFlatVector<int32_t>({1, 0, 0, 4}),
+      makeFlatVector<float>({1.1, 0.0, 0.0, 1.4}),
+  });
+  expected->setNull(1, true);
+  expected->setNull(2, true);
+
+  testCast(data, expected, true /*try_cast*/);
+}
+
 TEST_F(JsonCastTest, toRow) {
   // Test casting to ROW from JSON arrays.
   auto array = makeNullableFlatVector<JsonNativeType>(
@@ -1053,7 +1099,7 @@ TEST_F(JsonCastTest, toRow) {
   auto map = makeNullableFlatVector<JsonNativeType>(
       {R"({"c0":123,"c1":"abc","c2":true})"_sv,
        R"({"c1":"abc","c2":true,"c0":123})"_sv,
-       R"({"c0":123,"c2":true,"c0":456})"_sv,
+       R"({"c10":123,"c2":true,"c0":456})"_sv,
        R"({"c3":123,"c4":"abc","c2":false})"_sv,
        R"({"c0":null,"c2":false})"_sv,
        R"({"c0":null,"c2":null,"c1":null})"_sv},
@@ -1074,17 +1120,17 @@ TEST_F(JsonCastTest, toRow) {
 
   // Use a mix of lower case and upper case JSON keys.
   map = makeNullableFlatVector<JsonNativeType>(
-      {R"({"c0":123,"c1":"abc","c2":true})"_sv,
-       R"({"c1":"abc","c2":true,"c0":123})"_sv,
-       R"({"c0":123,"c2":true,"c0":456})"_sv,
-       R"({"c3":123,"c4":"abc","c2":false})"_sv,
+      {R"({"C0":123,"C1":"abc","C2":true})"_sv,
+       R"({"c1":"abc","C2":true,"c0":123})"_sv,
+       R"({"C10":123,"C2":true,"c0":456})"_sv,
+       R"({"c3":123,"C4":"abc","c2":false})"_sv,
        R"({"c0":null,"c2":false})"_sv,
-       R"({"c0":null,"c2":null,"c1":null})"_sv},
+       R"({"c0":null,"c2":null,"C1":null})"_sv},
       JSON());
   testCast(map, makeRowVector({child4, child5, child6}));
 
   // Use a mix of lower case and upper case field names in target ROW type.
-  testCast(map, makeRowVector({child4, child5, child6}));
+  testCast(map, makeRowVector({"c0", "C1", "C2"}, {child4, child5, child6}));
 
   // Test casting to ROW from JSON null.
   auto null = makeNullableFlatVector<JsonNativeType>({"null"_sv}, JSON());

velox/functions/prestosql/types/JsonType.cpp

@@ -856,30 +856,44 @@ struct CastFromJsonTypedImpl {
         }
       } else {
         SIMDJSON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto object, value.get_object());
-        folly::F14FastMap<std::string, simdjson::ondemand::value> lowerCaseKeys(
-            object.count_fields());
+
+        // TODO Populate this mapping once, not per-row.
+        // Mapping from lower-case field names of the target RowType to their
+        // indices.
+        folly::F14FastMap<std::string, int32_t> fieldIndices;
+        const auto size = rowType.size();
+        for (auto i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+          auto key = rowType.nameOf(i);
+          boost::algorithm::to_lower(key);
+          fieldIndices[key] = i;
+        }
+
         std::string key;
         for (auto fieldResult : object) {
           SIMDJSON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto field, fieldResult);
           if (!field.value().is_null()) {
             SIMDJSON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(key, field.unescaped_key(true));
             boost::algorithm::to_lower(key);
-            lowerCaseKeys[key] = field.value();
+
+            auto it = fieldIndices.find(key);
+            if (it != fieldIndices.end()) {
+              const auto index = it->second;
+
+              VELOX_USER_CHECK_GE(index, 0, "Duplicate field: {}", key);
+              it->second = -1;
+
+              SIMDJSON_TRY(VELOX_DYNAMIC_TYPE_DISPATCH(
+                  CastFromJsonTypedImpl<simdjson::ondemand::value>::apply,
+                  rowType.childAt(index)->kind(),
+                  field.value(),
+                  writerTyped.get_writer_at(index)));
+            }
           }
         }
-        for (column_index_t numFields = rowType.size(), i = 0; i < numFields;
-             ++i) {
-          key = rowType.nameOf(i);
-          boost::algorithm::to_lower(key);
-          auto it = lowerCaseKeys.find(key);
-          if (it == lowerCaseKeys.end()) {
-            writerTyped.set_null_at(i);
-          } else {
-            SIMDJSON_TRY(VELOX_DYNAMIC_TYPE_DISPATCH(
-                CastFromJsonTypedImpl<simdjson::ondemand::value>::apply,
-                rowType.childAt(i)->kind(),
-                it->second,
-                writerTyped.get_writer_at(i)));
+
+        for (const auto& [key, index] : fieldIndices) {
+          if (index >= 0) {
+            writerTyped.set_null_at(index);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -1038,7 +1052,7 @@ class JsonCastOperator : public exec::CastOperator {
       maxSize = std::max(maxSize, input.size());
     });
     paddedInput_.resize(maxSize + simdjson::SIMDJSON_PADDING);
-    rows.applyToSelected([&](auto row) {
+    context.applyToSelectedNoThrow(rows, [&](auto row) {
       writer.setOffset(row);
       if (inputVector->isNullAt(row)) {
         writer.commitNull();